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都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形成(cheng)歷(li)史(shi)悠久。據(ju)《都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)縣(xian)志(zhi)稿》（民(min)國(guo)）中(zhong)食(shi)貨志(zhi)記載，畜牧產量(liang)調查(cha)表(biao)“本縣(xian)家(jia)畜，大(da)的(de)(de)如牛、馬(ma)、豬、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)；小的(de)(de)如雞(ji)，惟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)則兼養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)”。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)已(yi)列(lie)(lie)入(ru)(ru)地(di)方的(de)(de)畜產，當地(di)少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)凡婚、喪、嫁、娶等都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)有(you)殺羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)祭祀的(de)(de)風俗，飼(si)養(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)歷(li)來就是(shi)(shi)當地(di)群(qun)眾生活(huo)必須用品(pin)和主(zhu)要的(de)(de)經(jing)濟收入(ru)(ru)來源。都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)就是(shi)(shi)在這樣的(de)(de)自然生態(tai)條件(jian)下和當地(di)群(qun)眾長(chang)期選育(yu)而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)。 都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)板皮板質(zhi)均勻，薄而(er)(er)(er)輕韌，彈性(xing)好，纖維細致，是(shi)(shi)高級制革(ge)原(yuan)料和出(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)暢(chang)銷物資(zi)；肉質(zhi)嫩滑爽，肉泡清甜，營養(yang)豐富(fu)，全(quan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)可加(jia)工成(cheng)清燉羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)包肝(gan)、燜(men)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)蹄、鮮(xian)脆白切肚等60多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)菜肴，成(cheng)為(wei)區內外賓(bin)館酒店的(de)(de)主(zhu)菜，其中(zhong)“美容長(chang)壽湯”苦而(er)(er)(er)甘甜，長(chang)期飲用能(neng)延年(nian)益壽，“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)珍羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)扣”肥而(er)(er)(er)不膩，“羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉火鍋”令人回味無窮(qiong)。利用優(you)質(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉為(wei)原(yuan)料，采用傳統(tong)的(de)(de)原(yuan)始方式熏臘燒烤(kao)制成(cheng)臘羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉，風味特奇，是(shi)(shi)送禮待(dai)客的(de)(de)綠色佳品(pin)。 1979年(nian)，廣西區畜牧局組(zu)織開展對(dui)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)進行調查(cha)、測定(ding)，1983年(nian)將(jiang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)列(lie)(lie)入(ru)(ru)廣西地(di)方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，載入(ru)(ru)《廣西家(jia)畜家(jia)禽(qin)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)志(zhi)》。都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)縣(xian)曾列(lie)(lie)為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)養(yang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)基地(di)縣(xian)，2003年(nian)9月(yue)被中(zhong)國(guo)品(pin)牌宣(xuan)傳保(bao)護活(huo)動(dong)組(zu)委會(hui)授予“中(zhong)國(guo)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)之鄉(xiang)”。 上級業(ye)務(wu)部(bu)門每年(nian)均劃撥專項經(jing)費實施都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)地(di)方優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)工作；2005年(nian)由質(zhi)量(liang)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)監督部(bu)門組(zu)織，編制都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)綜(zong)合標準——“DB451228/T01-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評定(ding)”，“DB451228/T02-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)繁育(yu)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)程”，“DB451228/T03-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)養(yang)管理技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)程”，“DB451228/T04-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)防疫技(ji)(ji)術(shu)規(gui)程”，“DB451228/T05-2005都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標識、運輸”等五個標準，并發布實施。2009年(nian)，國(guo)家(jia)農業(ye)部(bu)下達(da)資(zi)金(jin)150萬元興建(jian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)，經(jing)過(guo)精(jing)心組(zu)織實施，項目建(jian)設(she)已(yi)于2010年(nian)4月(yue)建(jian)成(cheng)并交(jiao)付使(shi)用，該保(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)場(chang)目前存欄山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)850只，有(you)效帶動(dong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)安(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)產業(ye)發展，2015年(nian)全(quan)縣(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)飼(si)養(yang)量(liang)達(da)63.62萬只。

品質特性特征

（1）外貌特征 被毛(mao)：毛(mao)色多為黑色、麻色、黃(huang)色，也有黑白花和(he)白色。腹下、四肢 上(shang)部(bu)被毛(mao)和(he)公羊(yang)的鬃、鬣(lie)毛(mao)較(jiao)粗(cu)長。 體形(xing)：體型(xing)較(jiao)小(xiao)，結構緊湊，體軀呈長方(fang)形(xing)，體質健壯結實， 皮薄有彈性，結構勻(yun)稱；頭大小(xiao)適中，眼大有神；有角(jiao)，角(jiao)向(xiang)后(hou)上(shang)方(fang)彎曲呈倒“八字”形(xing)，其色澤為暗黑色和(he)玉色；耳豎立稍向(xiang)前傾(qing)； 鼻梁平(ping)直；腰背(bei)(bei)平(ping)直；肋骨開張，胸(xiong)深與肢長相當(dang)；公母羊(yang)前胸(xiong)及沿背(bei)(bei)線(xian)均有長毛(mao)，母羊(yang)較(jiao)短，尾(wei)短小(xiao)上(shang)翹，公羊(yang)雄壯，母羊(yang)清秀。

（2）內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標：都(dou)安山羊肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩而有彈性，顏色鮮艷，結締組織少(shao)，脂(zhi)肪堅實、色白(bai)，背部脂(zhi)肪分布均勻(yun)。其(qi)味鮮美(mei)，膻味小。 都(dou)安山羊肉(rou)含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)19.85%-21.95%，脂(zhi)肪1.65%-1.83%，水(shui)份(fen)71.25%-78.75%，灰分1.16%-1.28%，氨基(ji)酸總量(liang)(liang)(liang)16.02%-17.70%，膳食(shi)纖維0.038%-0.042%，羊肉(rou)是低能(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高蛋白(bai)肉(rou)食(shi)品(pin)，各(ge)種(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素含量(liang)(liang)(liang)高，膽固 醇低。

產地分布

都(dou)安山羊中心產區(qu)分布(bu)在都(dou)安瑤族自治縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的地蘇、保安、澄江、龍(long)灣、菁盛、拉烈、三只羊等(deng)鄉（鎮(zhen)）。其(qi)周圍的馬山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、平(ping)果(guo)市、東蘭(lan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、巴馬縣(xian)(xian)(xian)忻城縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)石(shi)山地區(qu)也有(you)大(da)量分布(bu)，隆安縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、興賓縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、龍(long)勝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)以及其(qi)他平(ping)原丘陵(ling)地區(qu)均有(you)飼養(yang)。據2005 年(nian)底統計，總(zong)數達85 萬余只。

產地環境

都安瑤(yao)族自治縣位于廣(guang)西中西部(bu)，地(di)處云貴高(gao)原(yuan)南緣，以(yi)石山丘陵為主。東經(jing)107°29′～108°41′，北緯23°42′～24°35′之間。海拔170～1000m，境內石山疊嶂，洼地(di)密布屬典型的喀(ka)斯特地(di)貌(mao)。

主產區年平均氣(qi)溫(wen)18.2℃～21.7℃之(zhi)間，相對濕度74%，無霜期347 d，年平均日照(zhao)時數為1 297 h。降雨量1 737.9mm，雨量充沛(pei)，氣(qi)候溫(wen)和(he)濕潤(run)，日照(zhao)充足(zu)，無霜期長，屬于南亞熱帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候區北緣，四季(ji)常青，宜農宜牧。

都安縣(xian)境(jing)內主(zhu)要有紅(hong)(hong)水河(he)、刁江(jiang)、澄江(jiang)、拉仁河(he)、板(ban)嶺河(he)、地蘇河(he)、同更河(he)等8 條河(he)流。耕作土(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei)：分為旱作土(tu)(tu)和水稻土(tu)(tu)。以石(shi)(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)為主(zhu)要土(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei)，遍布全縣(xian)溶巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)山。自然土(tu)(tu)類(lei)(lei)有：紅(hong)(hong)壤、黃壤、石(shi)(shi)灰巖(yan)土(tu)(tu)、紅(hong)(hong)色石(shi)(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)、沖積土(tu)(tu)等。

全縣草(cao)場面(mian)積13.7 萬公(gong)頃，草(cao)場植被(bei)主(zhu)要(yao)以石山高中禾(he)草(cao)草(cao)叢和灌(guan)叢草(cao)叢為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。山上(shang)植物種類繁多，以藤類和灌(guan)木居優(you)勢(shi)。藤類以金銀花(hua)、野(ye)山葡(pu)萄、千里光等為(wei)(wei)常見。禾(he)本科以野(ye)古草(cao)、白毛、五節芒、馬(ma)唐、狗牙根等組成群落，山羊喜歡采食的喬灌(guan)木達200 多種。農作物主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)玉米、水稻、旱芋、紅薯、豆類和蕎麥等。

品種歷史

都(dou)(dou)安山(shan)羊(yang)品(pin)種(zhong)形成歷史悠久。據《都(dou)(dou)安縣志稿》（民(min)國）中(zhong)食貨志記(ji)載，畜牧產量(liang)調查表“本縣家畜，大的(de)如(ru)牛、馬、豬、羊(yang)；小的(de)如(ru)雞……惟山(shan)地(di)則兼養羊(yang)……”。山(shan)羊(yang)已列入地(di)方的(de)畜產，當地(di)少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)凡婚、喪、嫁、娶等都(dou)(dou)有殺羊(yang)祭(ji)祀的(de)風俗(su)，飼養山(shan)羊(yang)歷來(lai)就是當地(di)群(qun)眾生活(huo)必(bi)須(xu)用品(pin)和主要的(de)經濟收入來(lai)源。都(dou)(dou)安山(shan)羊(yang)就是在這樣的(de)自然生態條件下和當地(di)群(qun)眾長期選育而成。