介紹
烏海市種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)始(shi)于(yu)20世紀60年(nian)(nian)代(dai),當時主要引(yin)進了(le)無核白(bai)、龍眼等(deng)若(ruo)干品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進行試驗,引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功后陸續建立了(le)一批生產園(yuan)并(bing)在庭院中(zhong)同步(bu)發展(zhan)。目前,全市葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)積2100多公(gong)頃,引(yin)入(ru)優良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)100多個。市委(wei)、市政府制定(ding)(ding)了(le)有機葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)生產基地(di)建設的(de)長(chang)遠發展(zhan)規劃,因地(di)制宜、因勢(shi)利導,加(jia)大(da)(da)政策引(yin)導扶(fu)持(chi)(chi)力度,大(da)(da)力扶(fu)持(chi)(chi)農業龍頭企業發展(zhan),針對溫室建設、育苗、生產種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植、釀酒(jiu)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)收購價(jia)格、貸款(kuan)貼息(xi)等(deng)制定(ding)(ding)了(le)一系列(lie)資(zi)金補(bu)貼政策。確(que)立了(le)2020年(nian)(nian)建成(cheng)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植基地(di)10萬畝(mu),建成(cheng)酒(jiu)莊(堡)、家(jia)庭酒(jiu)莊、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)莊園(yuan)100家(jia)。同時葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)加(jia)工業大(da)(da)力發展(zhan),內(nei)蒙古漢森(sen)(sen)酒(jiu)業集團有限公(gong)司,致(zhi)力于(yu)打(da)造中(zhong)國葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu)的(de)民族品牌(pai)。中(zhong)國馳名商標漢森(sen)(sen)干紅葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu),享譽國內(nei)外。漢森(sen)(sen)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)酒(jiu)多次榮獲國內(nei)外博覽會金獎(jiang),漢森(sen)(sen)上榜中(zhong)國最(zui)具品牌(pai)價(jia)值(zhi)500強。
自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況(kuang):黃(huang)河(he)自寧(ning)夏石咀山市入境(jing),縱穿烏海市,于(yu)鄂托克旗(qi)堿柜鄉出境(jing),把全(quan)(quan)市分(fen)成(cheng)河(he)東、河(he)西(xi)兩部(bu)(bu)分(fen)。其地勢(shi)(shi)東、西(xi)高中(zhong)間低;南(nan)高北(bei)低,形(xing)成(cheng)南(nan)北(bei)向槽(cao)形(xing)地勢(shi)(shi)。烏海地區土(tu)(tu)壤大部(bu)(bu)分(fen)為灰(hui)漠土(tu)(tu)、棕鈣土(tu)(tu),其中(zhong)灰(hui)漠土(tu)(tu)含有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)0.8497%,全(quan)(quan)氮0.0729%,全(quan)(quan)磷(lin)0.0655%,全(quan)(quan)鉀(jia)(jia)1.90%,堿解氮49ppm磷(lin)10ppm鉀(jia)(jia)93ppm土(tu)(tu)含有(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)0.9532%,全(quan)(quan)氮為0.0438%,全(quan)(quan)磷(lin)0.072%,全(quan)(quan)鉀(jia)(jia)1.92%,堿解氮49ppm磷(lin)8ppm鉀(jia)(jia)149ppm。
2、水(shui)文情況:烏海(hai)市(shi)河(he)流均屬(shu)于(yu)黃河(he)水(shui)系。黃河(he)是全市(shi)農業用水(shui)的(de)主要供(gong)水(shui)資源。黃河(he)在灌(guan)水(shui)期的(de)水(shui)溫在14—22℃之間,礦化度1克(ke)/升。?
3、氣(qi)候情況:烏(wu)海(hai)市地處大陸深處,是顯著的(de)大陸性氣(qi)候,日照(zhao)(zhao)時間長,太陽輻射(she)強,晝夜(ye)溫(wen)差大,氣(qi)候干燥,風沙大,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)9.0—9.2℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量(liang)162.4—168.5毫米(mi),雨量(liang)主要集中(zhong)在七到八月(yue)。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)風速3.1—4.7米(mi)/秒(miao);年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕度只有43%;年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)為3047.3—3227.4小時,全年(nian)(nian)無霜期156—165天,適(shi)合北(bei)方大部分(fen)農作物(wu)的(de)生長,特(te)別是對葡萄的(de)種(zhong)植極為有利。?
4、人文(wen)歷(li)史情況:烏海(hai)市(shi)(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)始(shi)于二十(shi)(shi)世紀六(liu)十(shi)(shi)年代,當時(shi)(shi)主要(yao)引進了(le)無核白(bai)、龍眼(yan)、元(yuan)白(bai)等若干品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)試驗(yan),引種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功(gong)后陸續建(jian)立了(le)一批生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)園并在(zai)庭(ting)院中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)同步(bu)發(fa)展。目前(qian),全(quan)市(shi)(shi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積2000公(gong)頃(qing),庭(ting)院葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)萬(wan)余株,引入優(you)良品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)100多(duo)個,已(yi)成(cheng)為內(nei)蒙古自治區(qu)最大的(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地。市(shi)(shi)政府已(yi)將葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業列入了(le)烏海(hai)市(shi)(shi)“十(shi)(shi)五”國(guo)民(min)經濟計劃(hua),制(zhi)定了(le)無公(gong)害葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地建(jian)設的(de)(de)長遠(yuan)發(fa)展規(gui)劃(hua),出臺了(le)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)優(you)惠政策(ce),鼓勵農(nong)民(min)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)。近幾(ji)年葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)步(bu)伐也大大加快(kuai),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積由最初(chu)的(de)(de)13.3公(gong)頃(qing)發(fa)展到現在(zai)的(de)(de)2000公(gong)頃(qing),主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)展到無核白(bai)、森田(tian)尼、巨峰(feng)、馬奶(nai)、龍眼(yan)等10多(duo)個品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi)給果農(nong)帶來(lai)了(le)可觀的(de)(de)經濟效益,大大提高(gao)了(le)他們的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)積極(ji)性,葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地初(chu)具規(gui)模。在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽(zai)培區(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),烏海(hai)地區(qu)屬于第Ш區(qu)---中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)溫區(qu)一個獨立的(de)(de)栽(zai)培區(qu).被國(guo)內(nei)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)學(xue)專家(jia)譽為“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)很有發(fa)展前(qian)途(tu)的(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽(zai)培區(qu)”。所產(chan)(chan)(chan)葡(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)含(han)糖(tang)量高(gao),酸度適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),色澤鮮艷,香(xiang)氣濃郁,病蟲害少,無農(nong)藥污染,品(pin)質極(ji)佳,曾多(duo)次榮獲國(guo)家(jia)和(he)自治區(qu)獎(jiang)。
地域范圍
烏海(hai)市位于內蒙古自治區西(xi)南(nan)部,地處(chu)黃河流域。東接(jie)鄂爾多(duo)斯高原,與鄂托克旗毗鄰;西(xi)靠賀蘭山(shan)的(de)余脈(mo)—五虎(hu)山(shan),與阿拉善盟的(de)阿拉善左旗接(jie)壤;北起(qi)烏蘭布(bu)和(he)沙漠的(de)東南(nan)邊緣,與巴彥淖爾市的(de)磴口、鄂爾多(duo)斯市的(de)鄂托克旗交界(jie);南(nan)至寧(ning)夏(xia)回(hui)族自治區的(de)銀川平(ping)原,與石咀山(shan)市隔河相(xiang)望。轄區共3個建制鎮,3個辦(ban)事處(chu)。北緯(wei)39°15′-39°52′,東經106°36′-107°06′。以卓資(zi)山(shan)為最高,主峰海(hai)拔(ba)2149.4米,一般(ban)山(shan)地海(hai)拔(ba)1400-1800米。總生產面積2000公(gong)頃,年總產量(liang)18636噸。
品質特性特征
1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特(te)征:無核白(bai)葡萄:果(guo)(guo)皮顏色(se)綠(lv)黃色(se);紅(hong)地球葡萄:蠟(la)質厚,果(guo)(guo)粉(fen)(fen)勻(yun),肉(rou)硬脆(cui),種子深褐色(se),顆粒內向一側及各果(guo)(guo)粒果(guo)(guo)蒂周圍也著色(se)鮮(xian)紅(hong);森田尼葡萄:淡黃綠(lv)色(se),果(guo)(guo)粉(fen)(fen)完(wan)整。?
2、內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質指標:無(wu)核白葡萄采(cai)收時(shi)的可(ke)溶性固(gu)(gu)形物含(han)量(liang)達(da)到19%以上,含(han)酸量(liang)在(zai)(zai)0.5%左(zuo)右。紅(hong)地(di)球葡萄采(cai)收時(shi)的可(ke)溶性固(gu)(gu)形物含(han)量(liang)用(yong)折光糖度(du)測定糖度(du)達(da)18%以上。森田尼葡萄采(cai)收時(shi)的可(ke)溶性固(gu)(gu)形物含(han)量(liang)達(da)到17%以上。
生產方式
1、產地選擇(ze)與(yu)特殊內容規定:土壤(rang)含(han)鹽量不高(gao)于(yu)(yu)0.3%,以沙(sha)壤(rang)土、壤(rang)土為宜(yi),pH值(zhi)不大于(yu)(yu)8.5,地下水位(wei)高(gao)于(yu)(yu)1.0m;對滲漏較(jiao)重,持水率差的礪質土要(yao)進行改良。?
2、品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選擇與特定要求:適宜品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):無(wu)核(he)白(bai)(bai)、紅地球、龍眼、玫瑰香、巨峰、森田尼等(deng)。紅葡萄酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):赤霞(xia)珠(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)麗(li)珠(zhu)、蛇龍珠(zhu)、梅鹿輒(美樂)、西拉等(deng)。白(bai)(bai)葡萄酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):霞(xia)多麗(li)、雷司(si)令、瓊瑤(yao)漿(jiang)、長相思等(deng)。紅葡萄酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):赤霞(xia)珠(zhu)、品(pin)(pin)(pin)麗(li)珠(zhu)、蛇龍珠(zhu)、梅鹿輒(美樂)、西拉等(deng)。白(bai)(bai)葡萄酒(jiu)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong):霞(xia)多麗(li)、雷司(si)令、瓊瑤(yao)漿(jiang)、長相思等(deng)。