一.產品(pin)介紹
梧(wu)桐河(he)農(nong)(nong)場是三(san)面(mian)(mian)環水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)沼澤地(di)(di),耕地(di)(di)絕大(da)(da)部分的(de)(de)(de)草碳(tan)土是理想的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植土壤。農(nong)(nong)場水(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植經歷了(le)三(san)個階段(duan)。第(di)一(yi)階段(duan):上(shang)世(shi)紀20年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初,朝(chao)鮮(xian)族移民因發(fa)現本地(di)(di)土質肥(fei)沃,地(di)(di)勢(shi)平坦,適于種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植水(shui)稻(dao),便開(kai)始小規模(mo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植水(shui)稻(dao)。抗戰前期(qi)(qi)日本開(kai)拓團(tuan)又在此(ci)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植水(shui)稻(dao),在朝(chao)鮮(xian)人開(kai)荒的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)上(shang),興修水(shui)利,擴(kuo)大(da)(da)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積,并成(cheng)立水(shui)稻(dao)公司。第(di)二階段(duan):上(shang)世(shi)紀50年(nian)(nian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)場建場后開(kai)始大(da)(da)規模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植水(shui)稻(dao),并且培(pei)育出了(le)自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)梧(wu)農(nong)(nong)七一(yi),合(he)江(jiang)19,水(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植逐步(bu)形成(cheng)規模(mo)化、規范(fan)化。由于得天獨厚的(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然條(tiao)件,梧(wu)桐河(he)生產的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)米以口味(wei)芳香名貫三(san)江(jiang),梧(wu)桐河(he)被譽(yu)為三(san)江(jiang)平原的(de)(de)(de)“魚米之(zhi)鄉”。第(di)三(san)階段(duan):上(shang)世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期(qi)(qi)農(nong)(nong)場實行水(shui)稻(dao)大(da)(da)開(kai)發(fa),擴(kuo)大(da)(da)水(shui)稻(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積,大(da)(da)力推(tui)廣水(shui)稻(dao)寒地(di)(di)栽培(pei)技術,使水(shui)稻(dao)產量由建場初期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)100斤(jin)/畝達到(dao)1280斤(jin)/畝,經濟效益(yi)顯著提(ti)高。進入21世(shi)紀,梧(wu)桐河(he)農(nong)(nong)場與時俱進,結合(he)自(zi)(zi)身優勢(shi),率先(xian)提(ti)出“引自(zi)(zi)然水(shui)、施農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)機稻(dao)、產優質米”的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展思路,力爭把(ba)梧(wu)桐河(he)水(shui)稻(dao)產業做(zuo)大(da)(da)、做(zuo)強、做(zuo)實。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因(yin)素
1、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地貌情況(kuang):梧桐(tong)河農(nong)場土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)可分五大類:草甸土(tu)(tu)1.6公萬(wan)頃(qing),沼澤(ze)土(tu)(tu)1000多(duo)公頃(qing),棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)5000多(duo)公頃(qing),水稻土(tu)(tu)3000多(duo)公頃(qing),白(bai)漿土(tu)(tu)近10000公頃(qing)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值在6.0-6.5之(zhi)間。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)力狀1況(kuang)中(zhong)等。有機質含量(liang)3.5-4.0%之(zhi)間。
2、水(shui)文情況:梧桐(tong)(tong)河(he)農(nong)場境內(nei)主要(yao)有(you)(you)梧桐(tong)(tong)河(he)、松花江、嘟嚕河(he)、鶴立(li)河(he)。還有(you)(you)小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)庫1座。梧桐(tong)(tong)河(he)水(shui)發源于小(xiao)(xiao)興(xing)安嶺南麓,流(liu)經梧桐(tong)(tong)河(he)農(nong)場13.5公里,全(quan)年流(liu)量(liang)8.3億立(li)方米,沿途(tu)無污(wu)染,水(shui)質(zhi)清澈、純凈、水(shui)溫高,是理想的農(nong)業生(sheng)產用水(shui)。
3、氣(qi)(qi)候情況:梧(wu)桐河農場四季(ji)分明(ming),屬于亞熱帶季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候。春季(ji)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱多雨(yu)(yu),日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,晝夜溫(wen)差大(da);冬季(ji)寒冷(leng)多雪(xue),氣(qi)(qi)候干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)。氣(qi)(qi)候平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)積溫(wen)在2520℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)111天(tian)至142天(tian),80%保證率在120天(tian)至130天(tian),最高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)35.6℃,最低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-41.2℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)(yu)量554毫米(mi)(mi)左右,集中(zhong)降雨(yu)(yu)量一般在夏季(ji)6-8月,約(yue)占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)量的(de)60%,從降雨(yu)(yu)量來看,有明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)季(ji)與(yu)濕季(ji)之分,是明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)大(da)陸(lu)性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)候的(de)主要特(te)征之一。年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數2500小時,太陽輻射年(nian)(nian)(nian)總量136.7kcal/平(ping)(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)(mi).全年(nian)(nian)(nian)盛(sheng)行西(xi)北(bei)風(feng)和南風(feng),年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)風(feng)速為(wei)4.3m/s.初(chu)霜平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在10月中(zhong)旬,終霜平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)在4月上旬,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜期(qi)(qi)132天(tian)。梧(wu)桐河農場作物生長(chang)季(ji)節日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充沛,雨(yu)(yu)量適中(zhong),熱量條件可滿足水稻生長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
梧(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)大(da)米產(chan)于(yu)黑龍江省梧(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)農(nong)(nong)場。梧(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)農(nong)(nong)場位于(yu)黑龍江省東部,地理坐(zuo)標130°31′~131°59′,北(bei)緯47°12′~47°20′,東西長(chang)32公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里,南北(bei)長(chang)12公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里。農(nong)(nong)場地形的總趨勢(shi)是自西向東傾斜,崗(gang)坡地占(zhan)10%,漫(man)崗(gang)地占(zhan)15%。農(nong)(nong)場為沉降的三江平原(yuan),海拔70~75m,地面坡角(jiao)1/5000,地勢(shi)低平。低洼處常年積水形成濕地、沼澤地。場址東至嘟嚕河(he),與普陽農(nong)(nong)場接(jie)壤,南至松花(hua)江北(bei)岸,西與新華農(nong)(nong)場毗(pi)鄰(lin),土地面積32067公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中耕地12327公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),林地1122公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),牧地草(cao)原(yuan)1978公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),水面3928公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。水稻生產(chan)面積10400公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),年產(chan)量8萬(wan)余(yu)噸。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征
1、外(wai)在感官特征:梧桐(tong)河大米顆粒飽滿,晶瑩透(tou)亮(liang),表皮(pi)黃(huang)色,脫皮(pi)后(hou)呈白色,質(zhi)地松(song)軟,口感適宜。
2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao):梧桐(tong)河(he)大(da)米含蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)、糖(tang)(tang)類、鈣、磷(lin)、鐵、葡(pu)萄(tao)糖(tang)(tang)、果糖(tang)(tang)、維生素(su)B1、維生素(su)B2等(deng),其中(zhong):直鏈淀粉大(da)于15%,膠稠度大(da)于66mm,蛋白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)≥6,食味品(pin)質(zhi)大(da)于80。
3、安全要求:梧桐河大米(mi)(mi)嚴格執行《無公害食品大米(mi)(mi)》(NY5115-2008)標準。
五.特定生產方式
1、產(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):梧(wu)桐(tong)河(he)大(da)米產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境質量(liang)必(bi)須符(fu)合NY 5116-2002的要求。 2、品種選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):梧(wu)桐(tong)河(he)大(da)米選(xuan)(xuan)用經審(shen)訂推(tui)廣的,生育(yu)期適宜的,抗逆性強的高產(chan)(chan)品種,主要選(xuan)(xuan)用空育(yu)131品種。
3、生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)管理:梧桐(tong)河大米生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)必須嚴格(ge)按照《梧桐(tong)河大米生(sheng)產操(cao)作規則》操(cao)作。生(sheng)產過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中農藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用要符合(he)GB/T8321農藥(yao)合(he)理使(shi)(shi)用標準(zhun),GB 4285農藥(yao)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)用規定標準(zhun)。
4、產品(pin)收(shou)獲及(ji)產后處理:梧桐河大米人工和(he)機械(xie)收(shou)獲在穗黃(huang)、葉(xie)落時(shi),成熟度達到(dao)85%-90%時(shi)進行;要(yao)求不同品(pin)種單(dan)獨收(shou)割、單(dan)獨運輸、單(dan)獨脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)粒、單(dan)獨貯藏、單(dan)獨加(jia)工、單(dan)獨包裝(zhuang),防止與普通大米混雜(za)(za)。收(shou)割時(shi),割茬要(yao)低,一般距(ju)地面5cm-5cm,損失(shi)率小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于1%.割后曬5-7d,要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)打場脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)粒。脫(tuo)(tuo)(tuo)粒后,進行揚場或機械(xie)清選。要(yao)求統一分級(ji)過篩,清除雜(za)(za)質和(he)癟稻,達到(dao)粒度均一,破(po)碎率小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于2%,雜(za)(za)質小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于1%,蟲蝕率小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于1%。清選后籽粒晾曬數(shu)日,以隆低含水量(liang),含水量(liang)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于12.5%。
5、生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)記錄要求(qiu),梧桐河大(da)米生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的全過程,要建立田(tian)間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)檔,全面記載(zai)并妥善保(bao)存,以備查(cha)閱。
六(liu).包裝標識相關規定
梧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)生產(chan)加(jia)工企業,在產(chan)品(pin)包裝上使用(yong)(yong)(yong)已獲登(deng)記(ji)的梧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),須向登(deng)記(ji)證書持(chi)有人提(ti)出申請,并能(neng)夠嚴格按照(zhao)規定(ding)的質量(liang)(liang)技術(shu)規范組織開展生產(chan)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)活動。同時,生產(chan)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)的梧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)要產(chan)自登(deng)記(ji)確定(ding)的地域范圍(wei),并且經營(ying)(ying)(ying)者具有梧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)市場開發經營(ying)(ying)(ying)能(neng)力。使用(yong)(yong)(yong)梧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)桐(tong)河(he)(he)大(da)米(mi)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),應當按照(zhao)生產(chan)經營(ying)(ying)(ying)年度(du)與登(deng)記(ji)證書持(chi)有人簽訂農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)協議,在協議中載(zai)明(ming)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的數(shu)量(liang)(liang)、范圍(wei)及相關(guan)的責任義(yi)務(wu)。加(jia)貼標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)要統(tong)一(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)產(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱和農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共(gong)標(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結合的標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)注方法。建立包裝標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)印刷審核備案制(zhi)度(du)和標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)管理(li)制(zhi)度(du),加(jia)強標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)監督檢查,嚴厲查處仿(fang)造、冒用(yong)(yong)(yong)、超范圍(wei)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)等違法違規行為,建立健全標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)監管長(chang)效機制(zhi)。