紅細胞正常值是多少
男性:380萬-600萬個/mm3;正常指標:4.0-5.5X1012個/每升。
女性:380萬-550萬個/mm3;正常指標:3.5-5.0X1012個/每升。
紅細胞(bao)數(shu)量(liang)減少(shao)時,氧(yang)氣的搬運能力會降低,變成缺氧(yang)狀態,產生貧(pin)血;嚴重時會有生命危險。但如果(guo)增加過多,血液會變濃(nong),不易流動,血管(guan)容(rong)易阻塞。
紅細胞非常小,在1立方毫米的血液里含有500萬個紅細胞,人體內的紅細胞數可達250億個。紅細胞數目可隨外界條件和年齡的不同而有所改變。高原居民和新生兒可達600萬/mm3以上。從事體育運動或經常鍛煉的人紅細胞數量也較多。血紅蛋白含量,男性為12~15g/100ml,女性為11~13g/100ml。
紅細胞偏高是什么意思
引(yin)起(qi)(qi)紅(hong)細胞高的(de)原因有相(xiang)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高和絕(jue)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高。相(xiang)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高常(chang)見(jian)(jian)于嚴(yan)重(zhong)脫水的(de)情(qing)(qing)況,如大量出汗(han)、嚴(yan)重(zhong)的(de)嘔(ou)吐、腹(fu)瀉、大面積燒(shao)傷等,由于血(xue)漿容量減少引(yin)起(qi)(qi)紅(hong)細胞相(xiang)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)過高。絕(jue)對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)過高常(chang)見(jian)(jian)于長期嚴(yan)重(zhong)缺氧的(de)情(qing)(qing)況,如高原地區的(de)居民、嚴(yan)重(zhong)慢(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)阻塞(sai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)肺病(bing)、肺源性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)心臟(zang)病(bing)和發紺型(xing)先天性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)心臟(zang)病(bing),同時(shi)還可(ke)見(jian)(jian)于原發性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)血(xue)小板增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)多癥、真(zhen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)紅(hong)細胞增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)多癥等骨髓增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)殖性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疾病(bing),這類(lei)患者紅(hong)細胞往往會(hui)出現持續性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高,血(xue)紅(hong)蛋白也會(hui)明顯增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)高。
紅細胞低是怎么回事
紅細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)偏低(di)就是指貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue),原(yuan)因(yin)較(jiao)多,如由于缺(que)乏(fa)造(zao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)原(yuan)料(liao)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue),比如缺(que)鐵性(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、巨幼細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)性(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue);由于骨(gu)髓造(zao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)異(yi)常導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue),比如再生障(zhang)礙性(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue),白血(xue)(xue)(xue)病,骨(gu)髓增(zeng)生異(yi)常綜合征等(deng);紅細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)破壞增(zeng)加所(suo)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue),也就是溶血(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue);失血(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)(xing)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue),比如消化(hua)道(dao)出(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)、泌尿系出(chu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)等(deng)所(suo)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)貧(pin)(pin)血(xue)(xue)(xue)。需要(yao)完善檢查,明確病因(yin)治療。
紅細胞壓積偏低
紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)壓(ya)積也叫紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)比(bi)容,就(jiu)是(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)液中紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)容積占全血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)容積的(de)百分(fen)比(bi)。正(zheng)常成(cheng)年女性(xing)是(shi)0.37-0.48,成(cheng)年男性(xing)是(shi)0.4-0.5。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)壓(ya)積偏低(di)(di),最常見的(de)是(shi)各種類型的(de)貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),如缺鐵性(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),再生障礙性(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),溶(rong)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等等,由于(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)生成(cheng)減(jian)少或破(po)壞增多,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)數量(liang)(liang)(liang)減(jian)少,導致紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)壓(ya)積偏低(di)(di)。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)壓(ya)積偏低(di)(di)還(huan)看見于(yu)血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)增加的(de)情況(kuang),如大量(liang)(liang)(liang)輸(shu)液后(hou),血(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)容量(liang)(liang)(liang)增加,紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)密度減(jian)少,也會出現壓(ya)積偏低(di)(di)。
紅細胞壓積偏高
紅細胞壓積(ji)偏高(gao),可以是(shi)(shi)脫水(shui)(shui)血(xue)液(ye)濃縮,如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)過高(gao)的話(hua),多喝水(shui)(shui)以稀釋血(xue)液(ye)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)紅細胞壓積(ji)偏高(gao),伴有血(xue)容(rong)量不(bu)足的表現,如(ru)(ru)(ru)血(xue)壓下降,尿(niao)量減少,甚至(zhi)無尿(niao),那就應該迅(xun)速(su)靜(jing)脈(mo)輸注鹽水(shui)(shui)等(deng)晶體液(ye),隨(sui)后輸注血(xue)漿等(deng)膠體液(ye)擴充血(xue)容(rong)量治(zhi)療,否(fou)則會(hui)發生急性腎功能衰竭而使原有的疾病(bing)病(bing)情(qing)更復雜。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)紅細胞壓積(ji)明(ming)顯增高(gao),應到血(xue)液(ye)科就診,以明(ming)確是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)真性紅細胞增多癥。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)確診了(le)真性紅細胞增多癥,就要在血(xue)液(ye)專科進行放血(xue)或(huo)藥物治(zhi)療。