一、天花粉是什么
天花粉又稱栝樓根(gen)(gen)(gen)、白藥、瑞雪、天瓜粉、花粉、屎(shi)瓜根(gen)(gen)(gen)、栝蔞(lou)粉、萎粉,是葫蘆科植物栝蔞(lou)的根(gen)(gen)(gen),屬補益(yi)生津類中藥。該品(pin)呈不(bu)規則圓柱(zhu)形、紡錘(chui)形或瓣(ban)塊狀(zhuang),長8~16cm,直徑(jing)1.5~5.5cm。表面黃(huang)白色(se)或淡棕黃(huang)色(se),有縱(zong)(zong)皺紋(wen),細根(gen)(gen)(gen)痕及略凹陷的橫(heng)(heng)長皮(pi)孔,有的有黃(huang)棕色(se)外皮(pi)殘(can)留(liu)。質堅實,斷面白色(se)或淡黃(huang)色(se),富粉性(xing),橫(heng)(heng)切(qie)面可見黃(huang)色(se)木質部(bu),略呈放射狀(zhuang)排列,縱(zong)(zong)剖面可見黃(huang)色(se)縱(zong)(zong)條紋(wen)狀(zhuang)木質部(bu)。無臭,味微苦。秋、冬二季均可采挖,以(yi)秋季采者為佳。秋季采挖挖出(chu)后(hou),洗凈泥土,除(chu)去外皮(pi),切(qie)成10-20cm長段,粗大者可再(zai)切(qie)對開,曬干。用唷(yo)黃(huang)熏白即可。
二、天花粉與花粉的區別
花粉是(shi)種子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植物特有(you)的結構,相當(dang)于一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)小孢(bao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)由(you)它發育(yu)的前期雄(xiong)配子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)體。在(zai)(zai)被子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植物成熟(shu)花粉(fen)粒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包含(han)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)或3個(ge)(ge)(ge)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao),即一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)營養細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)或由(you)其(qi)(qi)分裂產生(sheng)(sheng)的兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)精子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。在(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)的花粉(fen)粒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩個(ge)(ge)(ge)精子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)傳粉(fen)后(hou)在(zai)(zai)花粉(fen)管中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由(you)生(sheng)(sheng)殖(zhi)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)分裂形成的。在(zai)(zai)裸子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植物的成熟(shu)花粉(fen)粒中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包含(han)的細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao)數目變化較大,從(cong)1~5個(ge)(ge)(ge)或更多個(ge)(ge)(ge)細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)1~2個(ge)(ge)(ge)原葉細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao),是(shi)雄(xiong)配子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)殘留的幾(ji)個(ge)(ge)(ge)營養細(xi)(xi)(xi)胞(bao)(bao)(bao),形成后(hou)往往隨(sui)即退(tui)化,在(zai)(zai)被子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)植物的雄(xiong)配子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)體中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已完全消失(shi)。
而天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)是(shi)天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)為(wei)葫蘆科植物栝樓或中華(hua)栝樓的根,全國(guo)大部(bu)分地區有(you)分布,是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)中藥,為(wei)清熱(re)瀉火類(lei)藥物。無花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)用(yong)于(yu)熱(re)病傷(shang)津口渴(ke)(ke),亦可(ke)用(yong)于(yu)肺(fei)(fei)胃熱(re)盛的消渴(ke)(ke)病。常與(yu)生地、知母、蘆根等同用(yong)。無花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)可(ke)治療肺(fei)(fei)熱(re)燥咳,以(yi)咳嗽、痰少(shao)難出、咽干、苔少(shao)或苔厚膩為(wei)主要(yao)癥狀。天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)既能(neng)(neng)化除痰濁,又能(neng)(neng)潤(run)肺(fei)(fei)止咳,對燥痰內(nei)結于(yu)肺(fei)(fei)尤為(wei)適(shi)宜。天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)蛋白具有(you)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)原(yuan)性(xing),能(neng)(neng)促(cu)進(jin)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)球蛋白產(chan)生,有(you)較強的抗原(yuan)性(xing),能(neng)(neng)引起動(dong)物過敏(min)反(fan)應,能(neng)(neng)婕孕婦血清抗天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)蛋白IgE和IgG抗體逐(zhu)漸升(sheng)高(gao)。天(tian)(tian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)粉(fen)(fen)蛋白是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)非特異(yi)性(xing)免(mian)(mian)(mian)疫(yi)(yi)增強劑。
由此可以看出天花粉和花粉(fen)完(wan)全就是(shi)兩種(zhong)不同的(de)東西,天花粉(fen)是(shi)能夠治療(liao)疾病的(de)中(zhong)草藥(yao),而花粉(fen)是(shi)沒有藥(yao)用(yong)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)。