一、老年代步車是什么車

老年車，又叫老年電動車、老年代步車、老(lao)年助力車(che)，是老(lao)年人戶(hu)外出行(xing)代(dai)步的(de)理想車(che)輛。其性能(neng)(neng)(neng)相對(dui)穩定，車(che)速較慢(man)，運用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力無(wu)需加油，故又稱(cheng)環保老(lao)年車(che)，老(lao)年電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動車(che)所使用的(de)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)有很多，主要有鉛酸(suan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（含鉛酸(suan)膠體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）、鎳(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳(nie)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鋰(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)（常(chang)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)）、燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)按電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)學方式(shi)直接將化(hua)學能(neng)(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)。它不經過(guo)熱機過(guo)程，因此不受卡諾循環的(de)限制，能(neng)(neng)(neng)量轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化(hua)效(xiao)率高（40－60%）；幾乎不產生NOx和SOx的(de)排放。

當前市面(mian)上出現了各種掛羊頭賣狗(gou)肉的所謂的“老年代步車”，不僅混(hun)淆了老年朋友的視(shi)聽，更是給駕車的老人(ren)、殘疾人(ren)帶來極(ji)大的安(an)全隱患，各地政(zheng)府都在相繼出臺(tai)相關(guan)政(zheng)策法規，禁止這些“老年代步車”上路行駛。

嚴(yan)格意(yi)義上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，真正的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老年(nian)電(dian)(dian)動代步車(che)(che)(che)(che)產(chan)品應(ying)該(gai)是從原先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歸屬于醫療器(qi)械類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動輪椅(yi)(yi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)演變(bian)而來，產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計更適合老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)、殘疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)駕駛習(xi)慣。而且適用(yong)人(ren)(ren)群從原先電(dian)(dian)動輪椅(yi)(yi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)群擴展(zhan)到了廣(guang)(guang)大腿腳不便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老年(nian)人(ren)(ren)。產(chan)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計生產(chan)均(jun)參照國(guo)家(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)動自行車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準及(ji)電(dian)(dian)動輪椅(yi)(yi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準，在(zai)某些參數指標方面甚至更嚴(yan)格于以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2個(ge)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)標準，車(che)(che)(che)(che)速設(she)計在(zai)10公里/小(xiao)時之內(nei)，整車(che)(che)(che)(che)底盤高度在(zai)8cm，剎(cha)車(che)(che)(che)(che)制動距(ju)離在(zai)0.5米之內(nei)，從各(ge)個(ge)方面均(jun)優于原先的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動輪椅(yi)(yi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)，是電(dian)(dian)動輪椅(yi)(yi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演化升(sheng)級車(che)(che)(che)(che)型，能夠符合廣(guang)(guang)大老年(nian)朋友的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出行代步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求，同(tong)時提供更全(quan)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)保障(zhang)。

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二、老年代步車的組成結構

一般老年代步車是由蓄電池(chi)、電動輪轂、控制器(qi)、充電器(qi)四大(da)件(jian)和車(che)(che)體部分組成。對于安全(quan)性有更高要求的臺生產廠家(jia)，則根據汽車(che)(che)的設(she)計思路進行(xing)整體設(she)計，整車(che)(che)一般分為，電力供應(ying)系統、前橋(qiao)、后橋(qiao)、控制器(qi)、車(che)(che)架等幾部分。

由于當前(qian)鋰電(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本相(xiang)對(dui)比(bi)較(jiao)高，一般廠家都采(cai)用鉛(qian)酸電(dian)(dian)池(chi)，一般由一組電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都由多個12V電(dian)(dian)池(chi)串聯成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組，做(zuo)為電(dian)(dian)力(li)供應系統。根據國家相(xiang)關規定，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)車的電(dian)(dian)壓不得(de)超過(guo)48V。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)輪轂(gu)分(fen)為：有(you)(you)刷(shua)有(you)(you)齒(chi)高(gao)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)動輪轂(gu)（簡稱(cheng)高(gao)速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)或(huo)有(you)(you)聲電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)）、有(you)(you)刷(shua)無齒(chi)低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)動輪轂(gu)（簡稱(cheng)低速電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)或(huo)無聲電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)）及無刷(shua)無齒(chi)程(cheng)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)（簡稱(cheng)程(cheng)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)）。

控制(zhi)器按控制(zhi)方式分類有(you)全動型(xing)、智能型(xing)、雙(shuang)控型(xing)和非零啟動型(xing)四種(zhong)類型(xing)，控制(zhi)系(xi)統由主控制(zhi)器、儀(yi)表顯示器、調速轉把(ba)(ba)和剎(cha)車斷(duan)電把(ba)(ba)等組成，其主要功能具有(you)無級(ji)調速、剎(cha)車斷(duan)電保護、欠壓保護和過流保護等功能。

充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)按輸(shu)出插(cha)頭(tou)分(fen)類有蓮花插(cha)頭(tou)式(shi)、普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦插(cha)頭(tou)式(shi)、特(te)制電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦插(cha)頭(tou)式(shi)。按充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性能分(fen)類為普(pu)通在線(xian)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)、快充(chong)在線(xian)維護充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)。按充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓分(fen)類為24V、36V、48V。