一、什么是燃料電池客車

燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)客車(che)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)客車(che)的一種，不(bu)(bu)過(guo)它(ta)不(bu)(bu)是充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的，而是使用(yong)氫氧混合燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，通(tong)過(guo)補(bu)充燃料來提(ti)供動(dong)力，簡單來說，燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)客車(che)是一種用(yong)車(che)載燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)裝置產生的電(dian)(dian)(dian)力作為(wei)動(dong)力的客車(che)，屬(shu)于新能源客車(che)。

二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么

燃料電(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車可以在五分鐘(zhong)內(nei)給(gei)電(dian)池(chi)灌滿燃料，而不(bu)用等上幾個小(xiao)時充電(dian)，因此和普(pu)通(tong)的電(dian)動客(ke)車相比更方便，那(nei)么(me)燃料電(dian)池(chi)客(ke)車是怎么(me)工作的呢？

燃(ran)料(liao)電池客車的原(yuan)理是：作(zuo)為燃(ran)料(liao)的氫(qing)在客車搭載(zai)的燃(ran)料(liao)電池中(zhong)，與大氣(qi)中(zhong)的氧(yang)氣(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)氧(yang)化(hua)還原(yuan)化(hua)學反應(ying)，產生(sheng)出電能來(lai)帶(dai)動(dong)電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)，由電動(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶(dai)動(dong)客車中(zhong)的機(ji)(ji)械傳動(dong)結構(gou)，進(jin)而(er)帶(dai)動(dong)汽(qi)車的前橋（或后橋）等行走機(ji)(ji)械結構(gou)工作(zuo)，從(cong)而(er)驅動(dong)電動(dong)客車前進(jin)。

簡單(dan)來說，就(jiu)是燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池反(fan)應發電(dian)，產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)能驅動新能源客車，而且(qie)這種(zhong)反(fan)應只會產(chan)生(sheng)極少的二氧化(hua)碳和氮氧化(hua)物(wu)，副(fu)產(chan)品(pin)主要產(chan)生(sheng)水(shui)，相當綠色環保。

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三、燃料電池客車有幾種

燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)客(ke)(ke)車(che)按(an)照驅(qu)動形式(shi)可(ke)分為純燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)驅(qu)動客(ke)(ke)車(che)和混合驅(qu)動客(ke)(ke)車(che)，混合驅(qu)動客(ke)(ke)車(che)又(you)可(ke)按(an)輔助動力(li)源(yuan)分為燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)+蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)+超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)，燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)+蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)+超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)等(deng)多種(zhong)：

1、純燃料電池客車

這種(zhong)新能源客車(che)以燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)單(dan)一動(dong)(dong)力(li)源，經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電(dian)機驅動(dong)(dong)整車(che)行(xing)駛，結構(gou)簡單(dan)，但是燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)功率要(yao)求大(da)，成本昂(ang)貴，由于燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)作(zuo)為(wei)唯一動(dong)(dong)力(li)源，所以對燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)池(chi)的性能和可靠性要(yao)求高，不能進行(xing)制動(dong)(dong)能量回收。

2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車

燃(ran)料電(dian)池和蓄(xu)電(dian)池均為整(zheng)車(che)動(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)，燃(ran)料電(dian)池經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)電(dian)池驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)整(zheng)車(che)行(xing)駛，蓄(xu)電(dian)池也可驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)整(zheng)車(che)行(xing)駛，進(jin)行(xing)制動(dong)(dong)能(neng)量(liang)回收，并(bing)用于空壓(ya)機等部件工作，電(dian)堆(dui)加(jia)熱，氣體加(jia)濕(shi)。此(ci)構(gou)型降低了燃(ran)料的(de)(de)功率要(yao)求(qiu)、成本(ben)，并(bing)可實現制動(dong)(dong)能(neng)量(liang)回收，但(dan)是增加(jia)了系(xi)統復(fu)雜性和蓄(xu)電(dian)池的(de)(de)維護成本(ben)。

3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃料電(dian)(dian)池和超級電(dian)(dian)容均為整(zheng)(zheng)車(che)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)，燃料電(dian)(dian)池經DCDC帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)整(zheng)(zheng)車(che)行駛，與蓄電(dian)(dian)池相(xiang)比，超級電(dian)(dian)容壽(shou)命長、效(xiao)率高、成本低，但由(you)于其(qi)容量小，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)能(neng)(neng)量回收能(neng)(neng)量有(you)限。

4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車

燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容、蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)均為整車動(dong)力源(yuan)，燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動(dong)整車行(xing)駛，與以上構型相比，超(chao)級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容可提供加速或(huo)吸收(shou)緊急制動(dong)的尖峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，減輕蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的負(fu)擔，延(yan)長蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的壽命，但復(fu)雜程度高、控(kong)制復(fu)雜。