一、什么是燃料電池客車
燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池客車是電(dian)動客車的一(yi)種(zhong),不(bu)過它不(bu)是充(chong)電(dian)的,而是使(shi)用(yong)氫氧混合燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池,通過補充(chong)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)來(lai)(lai)提供動力,簡單來(lai)(lai)說,燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池客車是一(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)車載燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)(liao)電(dian)池裝置產(chan)生的電(dian)力作(zuo)為動力的客車,屬于新能源客車。
二、燃料電池客車工作原理是什么
燃料(liao)電池(chi)客(ke)車可以在五(wu)分鐘內給電池(chi)灌滿燃料(liao),而不用等上幾個小時充(chong)電,因此(ci)和普(pu)通的(de)電動(dong)客(ke)車相比(bi)更方(fang)便,那么(me)(me)燃料(liao)電池(chi)客(ke)車是怎么(me)(me)工作的(de)呢?
燃料電(dian)(dian)池客車(che)(che)的原理是:作為燃料的氫在客車(che)(che)搭載的燃料電(dian)(dian)池中,與大氣中的氧(yang)氣發生(sheng)氧(yang)化還原化學反應,產生(sheng)出電(dian)(dian)能來帶動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)工作,由(you)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)客車(che)(che)中的機(ji)(ji)械(xie)傳動(dong)結構,進(jin)而帶動(dong)汽(qi)車(che)(che)的前橋(或后橋)等行走機(ji)(ji)械(xie)結構工作,從而驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)客車(che)(che)前進(jin)。
簡單來說,就是燃料電(dian)池反(fan)應發(fa)電(dian),產(chan)生電(dian)能(neng)驅(qu)動新能(neng)源客車,而(er)且這種反(fan)應只會(hui)產(chan)生極少的(de)二(er)氧化碳和氮氧化物,副產(chan)品主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)生水(shui),相當綠色(se)環保。
三、燃料電池客車有幾種
燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)(che)按(an)照驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式可(ke)分為純燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)(che)和混(hun)合驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)(che),混(hun)合驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)客(ke)(ke)車(che)(che)(che)又可(ke)按(an)輔助動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力源分為燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池+蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池+超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容,燃(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池+蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池+超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容等多種(zhong):
1、純燃料電池客車
這種(zhong)新能(neng)源(yuan)客車以燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池作(zuo)為(wei)單一動(dong)力源(yuan),經DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)機驅動(dong)整車行駛,結構簡單,但是燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池功率(lv)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)大,成本(ben)昂貴(gui),由于燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池作(zuo)為(wei)唯一動(dong)力源(yuan),所以對燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池的性能(neng)和可靠性要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)高,不能(neng)進行制動(dong)能(neng)量回收。
2、燃料電池+蓄電池混合驅動客車
燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)和蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)均為整(zheng)車動(dong)力源,燃(ran)料(liao)電(dian)池(chi)經DCDC帶動(dong)電(dian)池(chi)驅動(dong)整(zheng)車行駛,蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)也可(ke)驅動(dong)整(zheng)車行駛,進行制動(dong)能量(liang)回收(shou),并(bing)(bing)用于空壓機(ji)等部件(jian)工作,電(dian)堆(dui)加熱,氣(qi)體加濕(shi)。此(ci)構型(xing)降低了燃(ran)料(liao)的(de)功率要求、成本,并(bing)(bing)可(ke)實現(xian)制動(dong)能量(liang)回收(shou),但是(shi)增加了系統復雜(za)性和蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)維護成本。
3、燃料電池+超級電容混合驅動客車
燃料電池和超級電容均為整(zheng)車(che)動(dong)力源(yuan),燃料電池經(jing)DCDC帶動(dong)電機驅動(dong)整(zheng)車(che)行駛,與蓄電池相(xiang)比,超級電容壽命長、效率高(gao)、成本低,但(dan)由于(yu)其容量小,制動(dong)能量回收能量有限。
4、燃料電池+蓄電池+超級電容混合驅動客車
燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)均為(wei)整車動力源,燃料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)經DCDC帶動電(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅(qu)動整車行駛,與以(yi)上構(gou)型相比,超級電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)可(ke)提供加(jia)速或吸收緊(jin)急制動的(de)尖峰(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流,減輕(qing)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)負擔,延長蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)壽命,但復雜(za)程度高、控制復雜(za)。