一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面
電動客(ke)車相(xiang)比傳(chuan)統的(de)燃(ran)油客(ke)車,沒有那么(me)多的(de)維護(hu)保(bao)養(yang)要(yao)(yao)求,不過為(wei)(wei)了避免故(gu)障頻發,延長使用壽(shou)命,還是有必要(yao)(yao)對(dui)其(qi)進行維護(hu)的(de),電動客(ke)車的(de)維護(hu)保(bao)養(yang)主要(yao)(yao)分為(wei)(wei)三個方面(mian):
1、常規性維護:包(bao)括日常的檢查維護、一(yi)級維護和(he)二級維護。
2、季節性維(wei)(wei)護:每個(ge)季度換季時應進行的清(qing)潔、維(wei)(wei)護。
3、磨(mo)合期(qi)維護:新(xin)車(che)或大修后的初駛(shi)路段需(xu)要進行磨(mo)合期(qi)維護,包括清潔、檢查、緊固、調整、潤滑(hua)和補給等。
二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車
1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護
(1)電動客車蓄電池的檢查
檢(jian)查外殼有無裂紋(wen)或破(po)損(sun);檢(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動客車蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)安裝(zhuang)狀態,是否(fou)被腐蝕以及連(lian)換(huan)導線(xian)(xian)有無破(po)損(sun);檢(jian)查接線(xian)(xian)柱是否(fou)生銹(xiu)、腐蝕,連(lian)接導線(xian)(xian)有無破(po)損(sun);檢(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的表面(mian)(mian)是否(fou)臟(zang)污,通(tong)氣孔(kong)是否(fou)暢通(tong)等;檢(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)液(ye)面(mian)(mian)高度是否(fou)在(zai)LEVEL線(xian)(xian)附近,或是否(fou)為15mm,當液(ye)面(mian)(mian)高度過低時,應添加(jia)蒸餾水,不(bu)允許加(jia)自(zi)來水或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye);檢(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應在(zai)2v以上;檢(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)的密度,在(zai)20℃時應為1.280;清洗蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi),保持(chi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)清潔可(ke)以防止蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)過多(duo)的自(zi)行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
(2)電動客車蓄電池的維護
在(zai)拆下(xia)(xia)(或安裝)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)連(lian)線時(shi),為防止蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)短路,必須先拆下(xia)(xia)(或裝上(shang)(shang))地(di)(di)線;蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)上(shang)(shang)部和有(you)關連(lian)接(jie)導線應保(bao)持(chi)清潔(jie)和干燥;在(zai)搬運蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)時(shi)千萬注意(yi)不(bu)要摔壞蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi);檢修車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)時(shi)不(bu)允許(xu)把(ba)金屬工具放(fang)在(zai)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)上(shang)(shang);安裝蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)時(shi),千萬注意(yi)不(bu)要接(jie)錯極性,否(fou)則會燒壞有(you)關連(lian)接(jie)導線和電(dian)氣設備;蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)連(lian)接(jie)線與(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)接(jie)線柱應接(jie)觸(chu)可(ke)靠;如果電(dian)動客車(che)(che)(che)較(jiao)長時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)用(yong),應把(ba)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)池(chi)從車(che)(che)(che)上(shang)(shang)拆下(xia)(xia)并放(fang)在(zai)陰(yin)涼通風(feng)的(de)地(di)(di)方。
2、電動客車的電機定期保養
(1)從車上卸下電機待查。
(2)用250MΩ兆(zhao)歐表測量電(dian)機冷態絕緣電(dian)阻,其阻值應大于0. 5MΩ。
(3)用手轉動(dong)軸頭查電樞(shu)是否轉動(dong)靈活(huo),應無卡擦現象(xiang)。
(4)打(da)開防護罩觀察每個電(dian)刷(shua)的(de)磨損程度。4個電(dian)刷(shua)中只要有(you)一(yi)個電(dian)刷(shua)的(de)高度小(xiao)于12mm時(shi),即需更換全部(bu)電(dian)刷(shua)。
(5)觀察換向器的表面,正常的表面應該是光滑的且呈紫黑色,如表面粗糙(cao),高(gao)低不(bu)平,即(ji)認(ren)為該換向器表面需重新車光。
(6)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈正常情況下,用萬(wan)(wan)用表的通斷檔測量電(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)樞(shu)線(xian)(xian)圈(A1、 A2)或(huo)勵磁線(xian)(xian)圈(S1、S2或(huo)F1、F2)時,萬(wan)(wan)用表應顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)是導通的,且(qie)阻值顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)接(jie)近0(常溫下,一般(ban)只有零點(dian)幾歐)。若測量到的阻值大于1Ω,或(huo)根(gen)本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)導通則可(ke)以判斷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)有故障。故障原(yuan)因可(ke)能(neng)是:電(dian)機(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈故障;電(dian)機(ji)(ji)碳刷(shua)磨損嚴(yan)重或(huo)接(jie)觸不(bu)(bu)(bu)良;換向器(qi)污染嚴(yan)重或(huo)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈不(bu)(bu)(bu)開路