一、電子簽名是什么意思

電子簽名是指數(shu)據電文中以電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式所含(han)、所附(fu)用于識別簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人身(shen)份并表明(ming)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人認可其中內容的(de)數(shu)據。通俗點說，電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)就是通過密碼(ma)技術對電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)文檔的(de)電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)式的(de)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)，并非是書(shu)面簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)數(shu)字圖像化，它類似于手(shou)寫簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)或印(yin)(yin)章，也可以說它就是電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)印(yin)(yin)章。電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的(de)用途：在電子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)版(ban)的(de)中秋賀卡，結婚請帖，建筑合同上簽(qian)(qian)(qian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名是現代認證(zheng)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)泛(fan)稱(cheng)，美(mei)國(guo)《統一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)交(jiao)易法》規定(ding)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名”泛(fan)指“與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)記(ji)(ji)錄相(xiang)聯(lian)的(de)或(huo)在(zai)邏輯上(shang)(shang)相(xiang)聯(lian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聲(sheng)音、符號(hao)或(huo)程序(xu)，而(er)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)聲(sheng)音、符號(hao)或(huo)程序(xu)是某(mou)(mou)人(ren)為(wei)簽(qian)署電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)記(ji)(ji)錄的(de)目的(de)而(er)簽(qian)訂或(huo)采用(yong)的(de)”；聯(lian)合國(guo)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)商務示(shi)范(fan)法》中規定(ding)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名是包含(han)、附加在(zai)某(mou)(mou)一數據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)內(nei)，或(huo)邏輯上(shang)(shang)與(yu)某(mou)(mou)一數據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)相(xiang)聯(lian)系的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形式的(de)數據(ju)(ju)，它能被用(yong)來證(zheng)實與(yu)此(ci)數據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)有(you)關(guan)的(de)簽(qian)名人(ren)的(de)身份，并表明該簽(qian)名人(ren)認可(ke)該數據(ju)(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)文(wen)(wen)所載信息；歐盟(meng)的(de)《電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名指令》規定(ding)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)簽(qian)名”泛(fan)指“與(yu)其他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)記(ji)(ji)錄相(xiang)連的(de)或(huo)在(zai)邏輯上(shang)(shang)相(xiang)連并以此(ci)作為(wei)認證(zheng)方(fang)法的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)形式數據(ju)(ju)。”

從(cong)上述(shu)定義來看，凡(fan)是能(neng)在(zai)電子通訊(xun)中，起到證明當事(shi)人(ren)的身份、證明當事(shi)人(ren)對文件內容的認(ren)可的電子技(ji)(ji)術手段，都可被(bei)稱為電子簽名，電子簽名即現代認(ren)證技(ji)(ji)術的一般性概念，它是電子商務安(an)全的重要保障(zhang)手段。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電子簽名和手寫簽名的區別

1、含義不同

手(shou)寫(xie)(xie)簽名(ming)在日常生活中(zhong)隨處可(ke)見，簡單(dan)來說就是親筆(bi)書寫(xie)(xie)自己(ji)的名(ming)字，在紙質文(wen)檔上使用手(shou)寫(xie)(xie)簽名(ming)主要用以確定(ding)簽字者(zhe)的身份，并表(biao)示簽字者(zhe)同意所簽署文(wen)檔中(zhong)規定(ding)的內容，對文(wen)檔的真實性負責(ze)，且具有法律效(xiao)力。

而電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)通俗來(lai)講，就是通過密碼(ma)技術(shu)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)文檔上加載的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)形(xing)式的(de)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)，可(ke)以輕松(song)驗證簽(qian)約主體的(de)身份(fen)信息和簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)信息，以及原文在(zai)(zai)傳輸過程中是否發(fa)生過改動。值得一提的(de)是，根據《電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)法》規(gui)定(ding)，可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)與手寫(xie)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)或者蓋章具有同(tong)等的(de)法律(lv)效力。

2、適用范圍不同

電(dian)子(zi)(zi)簽名文件(jian)的(de)(de)適(shi)用范圍稍有局限(xian)，目前還不(bu)能適(shi)用于涉及婚(hun)姻、收養、繼承等(deng)人(ren)身關系；涉及停止供(gong)水、供(gong)熱、供(gong)氣、供(gong)電(dian)等(deng)公用事(shi)業服務；以及法(fa)律、行政法(fa)規規定的(de)(de)不(bu)適(shi)用電(dian)子(zi)(zi)文書的(de)(de)其他情(qing)形。而(er)手寫簽名文件(jian)適(shi)用范圍不(bu)限(xian)。

3、簽署方式不同

在(zai)電(dian)(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)上簽(qian)(qian)署電(dian)(dian)子簽(qian)(qian)名，就是(shi)用私鑰對電(dian)(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)及與(yu)其一起(qi)存儲的電(dian)(dian)子文(wen)(wen)件(jian)消息摘要數據(ju)進行加密，包括自動(dong)簽(qian)(qian)署、點擊簽(qian)(qian)署、短信(xin)簽(qian)(qian)署、視頻簽(qian)(qian)署等多種(zhong)方式(shi)。而手寫簽(qian)(qian)名在(zai)各種(zhong)紙(zhi)質文(wen)(wen)件(jian)上書(shu)寫的簽(qian)(qian)名具有明顯的個性特征。

4、簽署樣式不同

電子簽名(ming)一般常用的(de)是圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)/圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像式，即有個體(ti)特征的(de)手寫(xie)簽名(ming)文字構(gou)成的(de)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)印章圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像（但電子簽名(ming)的(de)效力(li)并非(fei)基(ji)于(yu)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)形(xing)或(huo)(huo)圖(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)像本身，而在(zai)于(yu)背后的(de)數字證(zheng)書）。而手寫(xie)簽名(ming)就是有個體(ti)特征的(de)手寫(xie)體(ti)文字。

5、驗證方式不同

電子簽名驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)人擁(yong)有(you)或可以直接訪(fang)問電(dian)子簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)人的(de)數字(zi)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)（內含公(gong)鑰），以驗(yan)(yan)證(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)子文(wen)件中(zhong)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)真偽及(ji)簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)人的(de)身份。經CA機(ji)構頒發(fa)的(de)數字(zi)證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)，可作(zuo)為網上身份證(zheng)(zheng)明的(de)依據，具有(you)不可否認(ren)性(xing)。而手寫簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)是通過目(mu)視比較、識(shi)別手寫體簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)個體特征信息及(ji)其筆跡，從而確認(ren)手寫簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)真偽。為增強手寫簽(qian)名(ming)(ming)的(de)可靠性(xing)及(ji)不可否認(ren)性(xing)，需(xu)要辦理公(gong)證(zheng)(zheng)，產生額外的(de)成(cheng)本。