一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋(qiao)梁建設(she)前期需(xu)要計算(suan)好橋(qiao)梁工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的造價，一般情況(kuang)下(xia)，橋(qiao)梁建設(she)的工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量包括主體、輔助、臨時三部分，這些部分的費用(yong)相加就可以得到橋(qiao)梁建設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)造價：

1、主體費用

橋(qiao)梁主(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)包括上(shang)部及橋(qiao)面工(gong)(gong)程、下部工(gong)(gong)程及基(ji)(ji)礎工(gong)(gong)程等。橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)圖(tu)確(que)定(ding)(ding)后(hou)，根據圖(tu)紙確(que)定(ding)(ding)主(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)程量(liang)定(ding)(ding)額，然后(hou)套用(yong)各部分(fen)的單位計(ji)(ji)價費(fei)用(yong)，得(de)出主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)建設(she)費(fei)，如人工(gong)(gong)費(fei)、材料(liao)費(fei)、機械費(fei)、管理費(fei)、規費(fei)、稅金(jin)、利(li)潤等。為保證(zheng)主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價精確(que)，造(zao)價人員要具備(bei)專業的識圖(tu)能(neng)力(li)，能(neng)夠(gou)基(ji)(ji)于施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)設(she)計(ji)(ji)圖(tu)進行(xing)主(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)造(zao)價編制，得(de)到準確(que)可靠(kao)的計(ji)(ji)算結(jie)果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)程通常是為了保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)順利實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)而進行(xing)的施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，包括(kuo)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作平臺、排水系統、循環系統、護筒系統、吊裝裝置、提升模架、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)電梯、混凝土拌和站、鋼(gang)便橋(qiao)設置等(deng)。其建(jian)設費用(yong)計算也要(yao)充分結合(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設計圖，使工(gong)(gong)(gong)程量計算、定(ding)額確(que)定(ding)等(deng)都符合(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程合(he)同、招(zhao)投標文件及施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)要(yao)求等(deng)。

3、臨時工程費用

臨時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和輔助工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)一樣，通(tong)常不(bu)會出現(xian)在(zai)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)清單中，但它(ta)們確實是橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中產生的(de)費用，不(bu)能(neng)忽略不(bu)計，否則(ze)將降低橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概預(yu)算(suan)編制的(de)精確性。橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)中的(de)臨時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)主要包括電力線路、通(tong)訊線路、軌(gui)道、場地硬化等部分。結合(he)橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)實際和以往工(gong)(gong)作經驗，對這些臨時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進行(xing)計算(suan)，準確確定臨時(shi)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)，以保(bao)證臨時(shi)費用計算(suan)準確。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建筑(zhu)界廣(guang)泛流傳(chuan)著這(zhe)樣一句話，叫“金橋銀路銅建筑(zhu)”，由此可見(jian)橋梁建設的(de)利潤還是比(bi)較可觀的(de)。

一般來說，路(lu)橋建設正(zheng)常利(li)潤(run)(run)大概(gai)在15%左(zuo)右(you)，當然(ran)，能不能賺錢(qian)，能賺多(duo)少錢(qian)，這要看是(shi)做(zuo)總(zong)包(bao)(bao)還是(shi)分包(bao)(bao)，亦或是(shi)勞務分包(bao)(bao)。每種承包(bao)(bao)方式決定了(le)賺錢(qian)的(de)難易程(cheng)(cheng)度，這里邊總(zong)包(bao)(bao)是(shi)最(zui)賺錢(qian)的(de)。一般道路(lu)工程(cheng)(cheng)在驗(yan)收完畢后，會扣除一部分的(de)質量保證金(jin)，做(zuo)得(de)離譜會只給你成本款，利(li)潤(run)(run)分幾年給你，所(suo)以做(zuo)工程(cheng)(cheng)之前最(zui)好能看看合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)(de)掙錢主要渠(qu)道就是材料價格差，利用信息不(bu)透明度進行操(cao)作。總體而言，路橋建設屬于非(fei)民用建筑業，門檻很(hen)高，總包(bao)(bao)以(yi)上(shang)單位和(he)一線分包(bao)(bao)商之(zhi)間信息不(bu)透明程度很(hen)大，一線分包(bao)(bao)商經驗深淺之(zhi)間的(de)(de)區別也(ye)非(fei)常巨大。同(tong)(tong)一個項目，同(tong)(tong)樣的(de)(de)合同(tong)(tong)價，不(bu)同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)分包(bao)(bao)商，有的(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)賺20個點，有的(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)虧5個點。