一、橋梁建設造價怎么算

橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)前(qian)期需要(yao)計算好橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)程(cheng)的造價，一般情況下，橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)的工(gong)程(cheng)量包括主(zhu)體、輔助(zhu)、臨時(shi)三部分，這些部分的費用相加(jia)就可以得到(dao)橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)程(cheng)造價：

1、主體費用

橋(qiao)梁主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量包(bao)括上部及(ji)(ji)橋(qiao)面工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、下(xia)部工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)(ji)基礎(chu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)等。橋(qiao)梁工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖(tu)確(que)(que)定(ding)后，根據(ju)圖(tu)紙確(que)(que)定(ding)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量定(ding)額，然后套用各部分的單位計價(jia)(jia)費用，得(de)出主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)建設(she)費，如人工(gong)(gong)(gong)費、材(cai)料費、機械(xie)費、管理費、規費、稅金、利潤等。為保(bao)證(zheng)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)造價(jia)(jia)精(jing)確(que)(que)，造價(jia)(jia)人員(yuan)要(yao)具備專業(ye)的識圖(tu)能(neng)力，能(neng)夠基于(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)設(she)計圖(tu)進行(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體結(jie)構(gou)(gou)造價(jia)(jia)編(bian)制(zhi)，得(de)到(dao)準確(que)(que)可靠的計算結(jie)果。

2、輔助工程費用

輔助(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)通(tong)常(chang)是為了保證(zheng)工(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)順利(li)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)而進行的(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，包括工(gong)作平臺、排水(shui)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、循(xun)環系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、護筒系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、吊(diao)裝裝置、提升模架、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)電(dian)梯、混凝土拌(ban)和站、鋼(gang)便橋設(she)置等(deng)。其建設(she)費(fei)用(yong)計算也要(yao)充(chong)分結合施(shi)(shi)工(gong)設(she)計圖(tu)，使(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)量計算、定額確定等(deng)都符合工(gong)程(cheng)合同、招投標文件及施(shi)(shi)工(gong)要(yao)求(qiu)等(deng)。

3、臨時工程費用

臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)和輔助工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)一樣，通常不(bu)會出現在橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數量(liang)清(qing)單中(zhong)，但(dan)它們確實(shi)是(shi)橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)產生的費用，不(bu)能忽略不(bu)計(ji)(ji)，否則將降(jiang)低橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)概預算(suan)編制的精確性。橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)的臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)主要包括電力線路、通訊線路、軌(gui)道、場地硬化等(deng)部分。結合橋(qiao)梁(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)實(shi)際和以往(wang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)經驗，對這些臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)進行計(ji)(ji)算(suan)，準(zhun)(zhun)確確定臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)，以保證臨(lin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)費用計(ji)(ji)算(suan)準(zhun)(zhun)確。

二、路橋建設的利潤有多大

建(jian)筑界廣泛(fan)流傳著(zhu)這樣一句話，叫“金橋(qiao)銀路銅建(jian)筑”，由此可見(jian)橋(qiao)梁(liang)建(jian)設的(de)利潤還是比(bi)較可觀的(de)。

一般(ban)(ban)來說，路(lu)橋建設正常(chang)利潤(run)大概在(zai)15%左右(you)，當(dang)然，能(neng)不(bu)能(neng)賺(zhuan)錢(qian)，能(neng)賺(zhuan)多少(shao)錢(qian)，這(zhe)要看是(shi)做(zuo)總包(bao)還是(shi)分(fen)包(bao)，亦或是(shi)勞務分(fen)包(bao)。每種承包(bao)方式(shi)決定了賺(zhuan)錢(qian)的(de)難易程(cheng)度，這(zhe)里(li)邊總包(bao)是(shi)最賺(zhuan)錢(qian)的(de)。一般(ban)(ban)道路(lu)工(gong)程(cheng)在(zai)驗收完畢后，會(hui)扣除一部分(fen)的(de)質量(liang)保證金，做(zuo)得離譜會(hui)只給你成本(ben)款，利潤(run)分(fen)幾年給你，所以做(zuo)工(gong)程(cheng)之前最好(hao)能(neng)看看合同。

很大程度上，搞路橋建設的(de)掙錢主(zhu)要渠道就是材(cai)料價(jia)格差，利用信(xin)息(xi)不(bu)透明度(du)進行操作。總體而言，路橋建(jian)設屬(shu)于非民用建(jian)筑業(ye)，門檻很(hen)高，總包以上單(dan)位和一(yi)(yi)(yi)線分(fen)包商(shang)之間信(xin)息(xi)不(bu)透明程度(du)很(hen)大(da)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)線分(fen)包商(shang)經驗深淺(qian)之間的(de)區別也(ye)非常(chang)巨大(da)。同(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)項目，同(tong)樣的(de)合(he)同(tong)價(jia)，不(bu)同(tong)的(de)分(fen)包商(shang)，有的(de)可能賺20個(ge)點，有的(de)可能虧(kui)5個(ge)點。