一.產品介紹
連州(zhou)(zhou)歷來是廣東省(sheng)蔬菜(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產重地(di),蔬菜(cai)(cai)種(zhong)植(zhi)享(xiang)有(you)(you)盛名(ming),其中(zhong)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)是連州(zhou)(zhou)蔬菜(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)“名(ming)品”,連州(zhou)(zhou)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)有(you)(you)著(zhu)(zhu)上千年(nian)歷史(shi),早在(zai)公元608年(nian)前,連州(zhou)(zhou)龍口(kou)村的(de)(de)農戶就有(you)(you)種(zhong)植(zhi)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)習慣(guan),從(cong)那以(yi)(yi)后(hou)從(cong)未間斷,距今已(yi)有(you)(you)1600多年(nian)歷史(shi)。上世紀70年(nian)代連州(zhou)(zhou)出(chu)土的(de)(de)晉代“牛耕(geng)(geng)犁耙田模型”陶(tao)器,說明西晉時(shi)(shi)連州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)耕(geng)(geng)作技術(shu)在(zai)當(dang)時(shi)(shi)全(quan)國稻作地(di)區中(zhong)處于領先地(di)位。在(zai)連州(zhou)(zhou)民間流(liu)傳著(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)個悲壯(zhuang)神奇的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)傳說故(gu)事----《邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)菜(cai)(cai)為營退宋(song)兵(bing)》。傳說,大寶十三年(nian)(公元970)九月(yue),雄(xiong)踞北方的(de)(de)宋(song)朝派遣潘美為帥(shuai),攻(gong)打嶺南(nan)一(yi)帶的(de)(de)南(nan)漢(han)王朝,南(nan)漢(han)皇帝劉(liu)鋹(chang)請(qing)邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)出(chu)山破敵。邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)領命(ming),讓家鄉父(fu)老兄(xiong)弟種(zhong)白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)。白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)長出(chu)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)后(hou),邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)作法用菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)布陣作營嚇(xia)退了(le)(le)(le)宋(song)軍(jun)。宋(song)軍(jun)打了(le)(le)(le)敗戰(zhan)后(hou),設(she)計讓劉(liu)鋹(chang)將(jiang)邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)賜死。邵(shao)(shao)廷(ting)絹(juan)(juan)一(yi)死,關(guan)前的(de)(de)巨木(mu)柵欄和兵(bing)士們都(dou)變成菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)。宋(song)軍(jun)很快就將(jiang)南(nan)漢(han)滅掉了(le)(le)(le)。 隨后(hou),潘美命(ming)軍(jun)士將(jiang)數百畝菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)全(quan)部斬掉,吃了(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)泄(xie)心(xin)(xin)頭之氣。誰知白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)被斬之后(hou),第(di)二天(tian)又長出(chu)來了(le)(le)(le),一(yi)連數次,越(yue)(yue)長越(yue)(yue)旺。潘美和宋(song)兵(bing)吃了(le)(le)(le)幾頓白(bai)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)后(hou),覺得(de)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)越(yue)(yue)來越(yue)(yue)甜爽(shuang)可口(kou),覺得(de)每餐都(dou)離不開菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)了(le)(le)(le)。連州(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)美味從(cong)此傳播開來,種(zhong)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)年(nian)又一(yi)年(nian)。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素
(1)土壤地(di)(di)貌情況:地(di)(di)處(chu)五嶺(ling)中(zhong)之萌渚(zhu)嶺(ling)南(nan)(nan)麓,境內崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling),主(zhu)要是丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di)(di),丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)崗巒星羅棋布。主(zhu)要山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo)有綿延豐陽(yang)(yang)、瑤(yao)安(an)一帶的(de)簸箕(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),主(zhu)峰天(tian)堂嶺(ling),海(hai)拔(ba)1712米(mi),為(wei)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)最高峰,位于瑤(yao)安(an)與湖南(nan)(nan)省蘭山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)交界處(chu);橫(heng)跨東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)潭(tan)嶺(ling)、朝(chao)天(tian)、西江一帶之大(da)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),主(zhu)峰巖坑山(shan)(shan)(shan),海(hai)拔(ba)1604米(mi),為(wei)本(ben)市(shi)(shi)次高峰,位于朝(chao)天(tian)與陽(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)交界處(chu);其(qi)余山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)多(duo)在1000米(mi)以下。山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占全市(shi)(shi)總面(mian)積的(de)72.2%,丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)占15.9%。本(ben)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)形,因東(dong)(dong)(dong)面(mian)有大(da)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),由東(dong)(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)向西南(nan)(nan);西部(bu)(bu)有大(da)龍山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),由西北(bei)(bei)向西南(nan)(nan);北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)有簸箕(ji)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(mo)(mo),形成西、北(bei)(bei)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)三面(mian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)稍低,均(jun)為(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)帶。星子、大(da)路邊、朝(chao)天(tian)、麻步等(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)大(da)部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)小盆地(di)(di);清水(shui)、豐陽(yang)(yang)南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)、東(dong)(dong)(dong)陂(po)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di)(di);西岸、東(dong)(dong)(dong)陂(po)兩鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)河流兩岸為(wei)河谷盆地(di)(di);保安(an)、附城及九陂(po)等(deng)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)部(bu)(bu)分地(di)(di)區(qu)為(wei)連(lian)州丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)盆地(di)(di)。
(2)水文情(qing)況(kuang):主要河(he)流有星子河(he),發源(yuan)于(yu)大(da)東山(shan)脈,它(ta)是珠(zhu)江流域(yu)北江水系的(de)(de)主要支(zhi)流,發源(yuan)地(di)近處建有一(yi)個大(da)型的(de)(de)潭(tan)嶺水庫。保安河(he)、東陂河(he)發源(yuan)于(yu)北部的(de)(de)簸(bo)箕山(shan)脈,還有連南(nan)瑤(yao)族自治縣的(de)(de)三江河(he),流經本(ben)市附(fu)(fu)城鎮大(da)墩村附(fu)(fu)近匯入連江。
三.地域范圍
廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)連(lian)州市(shi)位(wei)于廣(guang)東(dong)省(sheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)部,地處五嶺(ling)中之萌渚嶺(ling)南(nan)麓,主要是丘陵盆地,北(bei)(bei)江支流(liu)連(lian)江上游。東(dong)北(bei)(bei)與湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)宜(yi)章(zhang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相接(jie),東(dong)南(nan)與陽(yang)山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)交界(jie),西(xi)(xi)南(nan)和連(lian)南(nan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)為鄰,西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)與湖(hu)南(nan)藍山縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、江化縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤(rang),北(bei)(bei)面同(tong)湖(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)臨武(wu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相連(lian)。地域保護區位(wei)于在東(dong)經112°7′ ~112°48′ ,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)在24°37′~25°12′之間,保護區域包(bao)括連(lian)州市(shi)的大路邊、星子、龍坪(ping)、西(xi)(xi)江、九(jiu)陂、連(lian)州、西(xi)(xi)岸、東(dong)陂、豐陽(yang)、保安、瑤安、三水(shui)等12個鄉鎮。生(sheng)產面積12萬(wan)畝,產量可達17萬(wan)噸(dun)。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
(1)外在感(gan)官特征(zheng):連(lian)州菜心(xin)須根多(duo),根系淺;植株(zhu)直立(li)或(huo)半立(li),莖短縮;一(yi)般(ban)(ban)株(zhu)體高(gao)50-70cm,直徑(jing)2-3cm,可食用(yong)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)25-30cm,重200g;基葉(xie)開展或(huo)斜(xie)立(li),葉(xie)片較一(yi)般(ban)(ban)菜葉(xie)細小,呈(cheng)卵形(xing)或(huo)橢圓形(xing),綠色(se)或(huo)黃綠色(se),葉(xie)緣波狀,基部(bu)有裂(lie)片或(huo)無,或(huo)葉(xie)翼延伸;葉(xie)脈明顯,具狹長葉(xie)柄(bing)。花(hua)薹(tai)綠色(se),薹(tai)葉(xie)呈(cheng)卵形(xing)以至披針形(xing);短柄(bing)或(huo)無柄(bing)。花(hua)薹(tai)為主要食用(yong)部(bu)分(fen)(fen),品質柔(rou)嫩(nen),風味別致。菜心(xin)多(duo)數只采主薹(tai),側薹(tai)萌發少(shao)。
(2)內(nei)在(zai)品質指(zhi)標:連州菜心(xin)營養價值(zhi)很高,其中鋅含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥3.1mg/Kg、鐵含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.42mg/100g、錳含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.15mg/100g、鈣含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥47.40mg/100g、磷含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥25mg/100g、蛋(dan)白質含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥1.7%、粗纖(xian)維(wei)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.9%、水(shui)分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥93.1%和灰分(fen)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥0.87g/100g。具(ju)有補氣養腎、健(jian)脾胃之功效,既是(shi)制作飲食(shi)點心(xin)、佳肴的上乘原料,又是(shi)滋補身體的營養佳品。
(3)安(an)(an)(an)全要(yao)求:連州菜心生產(chan)(chan)過程以《食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)(an)全法》、《農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全法》等(deng)(deng)法律(lv)法規為導(dao)向(xiang),做(zuo)好收(shou)獲前的農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)全監測工作,農(nong)藥、肥料等(deng)(deng)投入品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)必(bi)(bi)須嚴(yan)格(ge)按(an)照無(wu)公害、綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)生產(chan)(chan)要(yao)求執行(xing),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)必(bi)(bi)須符合綠色食品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)要(yao)求。
五.特定(ding)生產(chan)方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇:選擇產(chan)(chan)地(di)附近(jin)要求(qiu)無(wu)工業污(wu)染,區(qu)內及(ji)周(zhou)圍無(wu)污(wu)染水源,無(wu)固體(ti)廢棄物(wu)等污(wu)染,地(di)勢平坦、排灌方(fang)便,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)耕(geng)層深厚、有機質豐富、疏松肥沃(wo)、結構和理化性狀(zhuang)良好的(de)土(tu)地(di),保水保肥力強的(de)以壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)、粘壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)及(ji)沙壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)為好,土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)PH值6.0—7.0為宜。種植環(huan)境必須(xu)符合《無(wu)公害蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境要求(qiu)》(NY 5010-2002)的(de)要求(qiu)。
(2)品(pin)種選擇:根據(ju)連州(zhou)菜心的(de)風味特點,品(pin)質(zhi)特征主要(yao)決定于(yu)當地獨特的(de)自然生態環境和人工選育(yu),總(zong)體質(zhi)量選擇飽(bao)滿、無蟲口、色澤好的(de)種子。
(3)氣(qi)(qi)候情況:屬亞熱帶季風氣(qi)(qi)候區,光(guang)熱資源豐富,四季分(fen)明(ming),氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)和,雨量充沛,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)19.5℃,歷年(nian)平均(jun)日(ri)照時數(shu)為1713.7小時,多(duo)年(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)雨量為1572.8毫米(mi)。平均(jun)有霜日(ri)數(shu)13.7天(tian)(tian),無霜期(qi)為301.9天(tian)(tian),最長336天(tian)(tian),最短268天(tian)(tian),80%保證率的無霜期(qi)達275天(tian)(tian);域內山地比平原(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)低、水(shui)熱時空分(fen)布不均(jun),形成明(ming)顯的山區立體氣(qi)(qi)候,風力小、日(ri)夜(ye)溫(wen)差大,年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)較(jiao)差9.8℃,光(guang)、溫(wen)、水(shui)條件(jian)能較(jiao)好地滿足農(nong)作(zuo)物生(sheng)長的需要,作(zuo)物生(sheng)長季節長,具有發展農(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)的有利條件(jian)。
(4)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程管理(li):連州菜心生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程必須嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)《連州菜心生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術規(gui)程》操作。在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程中需要(yao)(yao)肥料(liao)、農(nong)藥(yao)等投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)要(yao)(yao)求來(lai)源(yuan)可靠的。 病(bing)蟲害的防治按(an)照(zhao)“預(yu)防為主,綜(zong)合防治”的植保方針,堅持(chi)以“農(nong)業(ye)防治、物(wu)理(li)防治、生(sheng)物(wu)防治為主,化(hua)學防治為輔”的無害化(hua)治理(li)原則。 嚴(yan)格執行國家有(you)關規(gui)定(ding),禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒、高度(du)、高殘留農(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)應符(fu)合GB 4285和GB/T 8321的規(gui)定(ding)。農(nong)藥(yao)交替使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)農(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)間隔期(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)藥(yao)。 產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)獲的規(gui)定(ding):在(zai)農(nong)藥(yao)安全(quan)間隔期(qi)后(hou)適(shi)時采(cai)收(shou),采(cai)收(shou)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)具要(yao)(yao)清潔、衛生(sheng)、無污染。 生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄要(yao)(yao)求:如實記(ji)(ji)錄農(nong)業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)的名稱、來(lai)源(yuan)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)日期(qi)、收(shou)獲日期(qi)、質量檢測(ce)情況、銷售情況、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)(ji)錄等。建立生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)管理(li)檔案,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識相關規(gui)定
產(chan)(chan)(chan)品包裝(zhuang)上(shang)標(biao)有“連(lian)州菜(cai)心”、“榮(rong)獲(huo)廣東省無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品認證(zheng)”和農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)(gong)共標(biao)識字樣(yang)和標(biao)志(zhi)圖案,必須字跡清晰,容易辨認,連(lian)州菜(cai)心的生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者(zhe)使用此包裝(zhuang)必須向連(lian)州市農(nong)作物(wu)技術推廣站提出申請,申請通過后方可采用連(lian)州菜(cai)心農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)志(zhi)公(gong)(gong)共標(biao)識字樣(yang)和標(biao)志(zhi)圖案,并按照要求規范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和使用標(biao)志(zhi)。