一.產品介紹
河(he)(he)蜆(xian)(xian)又(you)稱黃(huang)蜆(xian)(xian)、金(jin)蚶、扁(bian)螺等,是(shi)雙殼類軟體(ti)動物(wu)。從20世紀60年代(dai)到80年代(dai)洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖生物(wu)歷(li)次調查結果表(biao)明,軟體(ti)動物(wu)在(zai)洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖底棲動物(wu)中生物(wu)量(liang)高達97%。而(er)在(zai)軟體(ti)動物(wu)中,河(he)(he)蜆(xian)(xian)又(you)是(shi)優(you)勢種(zhong),其數(shu)量(liang)占(zhan)80%以(yi)(yi)上(shang),生物(wu)量(liang)占(zhan)90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)”。 河(he)(he)蜆(xian)(xian)肉味鮮(xian)美,營養豐富,淮(huai)(huai)安市淮(huai)(huai)揚菜美食文化研(yan)究會曾組(zu)織專家大師(shi)精心研(yan)制共(gong)近60道菜點的(de)(de)(de)“洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖全蜆(xian)(xian)宴”。洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖河(he)(he)蜆(xian)(xian)不但(dan)在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)受(shou)到人們喜愛,在(zai)日本、韓國(guo)和東(dong)南亞(ya)一些(xie)國(guo)家,也受(shou)到人們普遍歡迎。洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖河(he)(he)蜆(xian)(xian)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)品質、極佳的(de)(de)(de)口感以(yi)(yi)及一定(ding)藥用功能,使得它在(zai)日韓市場上(shang)極其暢銷,幾乎占(zhan)領(ling)了(le)日韓河(he)(he)蜆(xian)(xian)市場的(de)(de)(de)80%以(yi)(yi)上(shang),被(bei)譽(yu)為洪(hong)(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖捕蜆(xian)(xian)漁(yu)民的(de)(de)(de)“金(jin)疙瘩”。
二.自然生(sheng)態(tai)環境和人文歷史因素
1、土壤地貌情(qing)況:洪澤湖(hu)河蜆地理(li)標志地域范圍內,湖(hu)底(di)淺平,岸坡低緩,湖(hu)底(di)高出東(dong)部蘇(su)北平原4-8米(mi),湖(hu)底(di)多為淺淤,富(fu)含(han)腐殖質(zhi),湖(hu)底(di)沉積(ji)物(wu)主(zhu)要是水(shui)生生物(wu)殘骸,底(di)泥含(han)有沉積(ji)較多的蜆子貝殼,底(di)質(zhi)顆粒分(fen)析(xi)以(yi)淤泥為主(zhu),淤深30厘米(mi)以(yi)內,適宜河蜆營(ying)底(di)棲(qi)生活(huo)。
2、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:洪(hong)澤(ze)湖是(shi)淮河(he)流域最大(da)的過水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性湖泊,湖底高程在(zai)10米(mi)(mi)~11米(mi)(mi)之間,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)稍有升降,湖泊的面積(ji)和(he)容積(ji)就會發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)較大(da)的變(bian)化。當水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)12.5米(mi)(mi)時,面積(ji)2069平(ping)(ping)方公里(li),容積(ji)31.27億(yi)立方米(mi)(mi),年均出(chu)湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量328億(yi)立方米(mi)(mi),是(shi)湖容的近11倍,湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)均1個多月(yue)即交(jiao)換一(yi)次(ci)。河(he)蜆(xian)適宜(yi)在(zai)9~32℃水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)體中(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)繁(fan)殖(zhi),洪(hong)澤(ze)湖河(he)蜆(xian)地(di)理標志地(di)域范圍(wei)內,多年平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)為(wei)15.6℃,月(yue)最高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)8月(yue)份,為(wei)28.3℃,平(ping)(ping)均水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深1.5米(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流較緩(huan),適宜(yi)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)和(he)微(wei)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)環境很適合(he)河(he)蜆(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)與(yu)繁(fan)殖(zhi)。
3、河(he)(he)流水(shui)(shui)(shui)系:洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤湖(hu)(hu)湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的補給主(zhu)(zhu)要來(lai)自地表徑流,入(ru)湖(hu)(hu)河(he)(he)流主(zhu)(zhu)要在湖(hu)(hu)西部,有(you)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)、懷洪(hong)(hong)(hong)新河(he)(he)、濉河(he)(he)、汴河(he)(he)和(he)徐(xu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)河(he)(he)等(deng),匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積為(wei)15.8萬平方公里(li)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤湖(hu)(hu)河(he)(he)蜆(xian)地理標志(zhi)地域范圍(wei)位于淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)入(ru)湖(hu)(hu)口附近,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤湖(hu)(hu)年平均300多億(yi)立方米的來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui),其中淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)流入(ru)量占流入(ru)總量的70%以上,大(da)(da)量來(lai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤湖(hu)(hu)河(he)(he)蜆(xian)帶來(lai)了(le)充足的營養物質。 淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)入(ru)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)為(wei)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)澤湖(hu)(hu)的主(zhu)(zhu)要泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道(dao),湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)60%~70%由(you)三河(he)(he)閘(zha)下泄,經(jing)入(ru)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)流入(ru)長(chang)江。另(ling)有(you)淮(huai)(huai)沭新河(he)(he)和(he)蘇北灌(guan)溉(gai)總渠,分別經(jing)由(you)二河(he)(he)閘(zha)和(he)高良澗(jian)進水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)承(cheng)泄湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)入(ru)海水(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao),以備特大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)災年承(cheng)泄淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。大(da)(da)堤上還有(you)周橋、洪(hong)(hong)(hong)金(jin)、堆頭等(deng)灌(guan)溉(gai)涵(han)洞。
4、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質與(yu)生態情況:河(he)蜆喜(xi)歡水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清(qing)新、無水(shui)(shui)(shui)草(cao)(cao)或水(shui)(shui)(shui)草(cao)(cao)稀疏的生長環境。洪(hong)(hong)澤湖河(he)蜆地理(li)標志地域范圍內,湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)清(qing)澈,沒(mei)有污染,溶解氧常(chang)年保(bao)持在(zai)8.67~11.47毫克/升(sheng)之間,PH值(zhi)常(chang)年保(bao)持在(zai)7.2~8.6之間。生物資源豐(feng)富(fu),底棲動物有76種(zhong),浮游動植物種(zhong)類(lei)多、數量(liang)大(da),浮游植物共(gong)有7門(men)106種(zhong),浮游動物共(gong)有63屬、91種(zhong);水(shui)(shui)(shui)草(cao)(cao)覆(fu)蓋率小于10%。水(shui)(shui)(shui)體中植物碎片、有機碎屑、水(shui)(shui)(shui)生昆(kun)蟲及陸(lu)生昆(kun)蟲的幼(you)體、藻類(lei)等(deng),為洪(hong)(hong)澤湖河(he)蜆提(ti)供(gong)了(le)充足的餌(er)(er)料(liao)。優良(liang)的水(shui)(shui)(shui)質條件,豐(feng)富(fu)的餌(er)(er)料(liao)造就了(le)洪(hong)(hong)澤湖河(he)蜆獨特(te)的品質特(te)征(zheng)。
5、氣候(hou)條件(jian):洪(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖屬(shu)暖溫帶季風氣候(hou),氣候(hou)溫和、濕(shi)潤,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣溫16.3℃,具有冬寒、夏熱、春溫、秋暖四季分明(ming)的氣候(hou)特點(dian),日(ri)照充足,日(ri)照平(ping)(ping)均2296.7小時,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照率52%,無(wu)霜期(qi)240天,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降水(shui)量(liang)925.5毫米,適宜的氣候(hou)為洪(hong)澤(ze)(ze)湖河蜆提供了優良的生長環(huan)境。
三.地域范圍
洪澤湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆地(di)域保護范圍包括淮安(an)市(shi)洪澤縣(xian)三(san)河(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、老子山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、高良澗鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、淮陰區韓橋(qiao)鄉(xiang),宿遷市(shi)泗洪縣(xian)龍集(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、半城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、臨淮鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、泗陽縣(xian)高渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、裴圩鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)等9個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)向洪澤湖(hu)(hu)心延伸水域,面(mian)積49000公頃(qing)。拐點地(di)理坐標(biao)依次為(wei):(東(dong)(dong)經118°31′40″,北(bei)緯(wei)33°25′49″)、(東(dong)(dong)經118°48′17″,北(bei)緯(wei)33°25′49″)、(東(dong)(dong)經118°48′17″,北(bei)緯(wei)33°14′44″)、(東(dong)(dong)經118°31′40″,北(bei)緯(wei)33°14′44″)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)
1、外(wai)在(zai)特征:“洪澤湖(hu)河(he)蜆”具(ju)有(you)“殼(ke)(ke)(ke)凈(jing)、色(se)黃(huang)、紋粗、體(ti)厚、形(xing)正(zheng)、肉(rou)白(bai)”的特征,即外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)干凈(jing)且有(you)光澤;外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)色(se)澤多呈(cheng)(cheng)棕黃(huang)色(se),黑褐色(se)或淺褐色(se)較(jiao)少;紋溝粗疏(shu)清晰;體(ti)厚飽(bao)滿;外(wai)形(xing)略(lve)(lve)呈(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)三角形(xing),貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)兩側略(lve)(lve)對稱,前(qian)(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)短(duan)(duan)于后部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu),前(qian)(qian)部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)短(duan)(duan)圓(yuan),后部(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)稍呈(cheng)(cheng)角度(du),殼(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding)膨脹突出,向內和向前(qian)(qian)彎曲(qu),兩殼(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding)極為接近,略(lve)(lve)偏前(qian)(qian)方,位于殼(ke)(ke)(ke)長(chang)2/5處,腹緣很彎幾乎呈(cheng)(cheng)半圓(yuan)形(xing),背緣略(lve)(lve)截(jie)狀,前(qian)(qian)緣圓(yuan),殼(ke)(ke)(ke)長(chang)與殼(ke)(ke)(ke)寬比在(zai)1~1.2之(zhi)間(jian)變(bian)化。
2、內在(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:“洪澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)”營養豐富,是一種高蛋白、低(di)脂肪(fang)的(de)(de)營養食品(pin);洪澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)游(you)(you)離(li)氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)中谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)含量(liang)為0.072~0.088 g/100g,甘(gan)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)含量(liang)為0.028~0.034 g/100g,丙氨(an)(an)酸(suan)含量(liang)為0.184~0.192g/100g,游(you)(you)離(li)氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)1.124~1.235 g/100g。洪澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)游(you)(you)離(li)氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)以及呈(cheng)味(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)高于鄱(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(見(jian)表1),谷氨(an)(an)酸(suan)的(de)(de)含量(liang)是鄱(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)1.44~1.69倍(bei)(bei)(bei), 甘(gan)氨(an)(an)酸(suan)的(de)(de)含量(liang)是鄱(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)2.80~3.09倍(bei)(bei)(bei),丙氨(an)(an)酸(suan)含量(liang)是鄱(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)1.21~1.22倍(bei)(bei)(bei), 游(you)(you)離(li)氨(an)(an)基酸(suan)總(zong)(zong)量(liang)是鄱(po)陽湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)1.79~1.83倍(bei)(bei)(bei),因此,洪澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)河(he)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)煮成的(de)(de)湯汁(zhi)味(wei)(wei)甜(tian)、鮮味(wei)(wei)較濃,具有提高人體(ti)免(mian)疫力的(de)(de)功效。同(tong)時肉呈(cheng)灰白色(se),肌肉緊密,有彈性。