一.產品介紹
余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)產(chan)自最佳綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)區(qu)(qu)-四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan),人(ren)稱(cheng)“第(di)二廬山(shan)(shan)(shan)”,地(di)(di)處浙(zhe)(zhe)東沿海,海拔(ba)在(zai)(zai)(zai)500米左右,境內(nei)(nei)滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)遍坡的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,猶如(ru)翠(cui)龍蜿蜒,與(yu)青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)秀(xiu)水(shui)(shui)為(wei)伴(ban),以(yi)(yi)(yi)清風(feng)云霧為(wei)侶,采日月之靈氣(qi),得(de)天(tian)地(di)(di)之精華(hua),使出(chu)(chu)產(chan)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)上(shang)乘。同(tong)時四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)是道(dao)教圣地(di)(di),被(bei)列為(wei)第(di)九洞天(tian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)“丹山(shan)(shan)(shan)赤水(shui)(shui)洞天(tian)”。那里(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)青(qing)、水(shui)(shui)秀(xiu)、谷幽、瀑(pu)(pu)奇,被(bei)譽為(wei)“天(tian)然氧吧”、人(ren)間(jian)“綠(lv)肺”。一年(nian)(nian)四(si)季氣(qi)候優(you)良(liang),“冬(dong)如(ru)長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)”、“夏如(ru)莫干山(shan)(shan)(shan)”。四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)幽美仙(xian)(xian)境,頻(pin)頻(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)事,與(yu)道(dao)教淵源之深,更吸引了(le)眾多(duo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)學子(zi)、道(dao)士高僧(seng)。他(ta)們到(dao)四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)隱居修煉與(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)伴(ban),修身養性(xing)以(yi)(yi)(yi)致學道(dao)成仙(xian)(xian)。至今有漢(han)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)丹丘子(zi)培育“大茗(ming)(ming)(ming)”,劉(綱)樊(云翹)夫婦修道(dao)品(pin)(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)成仙(xian)(xian)等(deng)傳說。歷代(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)還有梅福、魏(wei)伯陽、孫綽兄弟,謝安、謝靈運、施肩吾、謝遺塵及(ji)(ji)唐代(dai)許多(duo)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)詩(shi)人(ren),他(ta)們都(dou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)中留(liu)下足跡和(he)詩(shi)詞。 余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)前,就久負(fu)盛名(ming)(ming)(ming),據古(gu)籍記載:漢(han)代(dai)有一位叫(jiao)虞洪的(de)(de)(de)余姚(yao)人(ren)入四(si)明(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)采茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)),途遇(yu)仙(xian)(xian)人(ren),贈以(yi)(yi)(yi)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)嶺(ling)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)大茗(ming)(ming)(ming),這(zhe)就是現在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)前身。同(tong)時在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣陸(lu)羽《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》中記載:浙(zhe)(zhe)東茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉以(yi)(yi)(yi)越州為(wei)上(shang),余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)尤佳。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)改革開放春風(feng)吹拂下,余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)這(zhe)一歷史知名(ming)(ming)(ming)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)末恢復創制,在(zai)(zai)(zai)多(duo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)屆人(ren)士的(de)(de)(de)努力下,通過(guo)數(shu)年(nian)(nian)探索(suo),在(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)代(dai),解決了(le)全程機械制作難題,同(tong)時70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)末從考(kao)察中得(de)到(dao)啟發(fa),把名(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定為(wei)針狀形,使做出(chu)(chu)來的(de)(de)(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉外形細緊(jin)挺直,稍扁似松針,香高味(wei)醇,耐沖泡(pao)耐儲存,品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)獨特。 優(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)涵使余姚(yao)瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)聲(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)鵲起,在(zai)(zai)(zai)全國(guo)許多(duo)地(di)(di)方以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)南亞、日本、新加(jia)坡等(deng)地(di)(di)暢銷,同(tong)時也(ye)先(xian)后獲得(de)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)市名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)、寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)市八大名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省名(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)(pai)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、中國(guo)馳(chi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)商標、浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省優(you)質(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、中華(hua)文化名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)和(he)中國(guo)鼎尖(jian)名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)等(deng)稱(cheng)號,并(bing)多(duo)次獲得(de)浙(zhe)(zhe)江(jiang)省綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)博覽會(hui)金獎、中綠(lv)杯(bei)和(he)省農博會(hui)金獎等(deng)多(duo)項榮譽,是全省重要名(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)和(he)寧(ning)(ning)波(bo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業(ye)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)規模最大的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)性(xing)品(pin)(pin)牌(pai)(pai)。
二.自(zi)然(ran)生態環境和人文歷(li)史因素
(1)土(tu)壤地貌情況:余(yu)姚(yao)屬(shu)浙(zhe)(zhe)東(dong)盆地與浙(zhe)(zhe)北平(ping)原交(jiao)叉(cha)地區(qu),地勢(shi)南(nan)高北低(di),中間微陷。南(nan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)四明(ming)山區(qu)——浙(zhe)(zhe)東(dong)革(ge)命(ming)老區(qu),山巒起伏,散(san)布大小不(bu)等的(de)臺地和谷(gu)地,中部(bu)為(wei)(wei)姚(yao)江沖積河(he)谷(gu)平(ping)原,北部(bu)為(wei)(wei)錢塘江、杭(hang)州灣沖積平(ping)原。土(tu)壤以紅壤、黃壤為(wei)(wei)主, PH值5.7左右,土(tu)層較為(wei)(wei)深厚,土(tu)壤肥(fei)沃,有機質含量豐富(fu),達2.5%~4.5%。余(yu)姚(yao)環境優越,交(jiao)通便利(li),茶樹生(sheng)長條件(jian)適(shi)宜,茶樹種植區(qu)無環境污(wu)染,是生(sheng)產無公害、綠色食品(pin)與有機茶的(de)理想境地。?
(2)水(shui)文情況:余(yu)(yu)姚市分屬(shu)四(si)個水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi):姚江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、奉化江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)、曹娥江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和錢塘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)。其中姚江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)面積(ji)最(zui)大(da)(da),為918.48k㎡,占全市總面積(ji)近68.2%。多年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年地(di)(di)表徑流(liu)量(liang)為11億(yi)立(li)方(fang)米;地(di)(di)下水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源為1124萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(未計(ji)灌(guan)溉回歸水(shui)補(bu)給量(liang)),但地(di)(di)下水(shui)可開采(cai)量(liang)較少。全市有河道1700多公(gong)里(li),河面約4.9萬(wan)畝,正常高水(shui)位時蓄水(shui)量(liang)8000萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米左右,現狀水(shui)面率約為5.2%。人(ren)均(jun)水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源占有量(liang)偏少,只有1330立(li)方(fang)米。最(zui)大(da)(da)的河流(liu)為姚江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),余(yu)(yu)姚市境內(nei)長度55公(gong)里(li),平(ping)(ping)原地(di)(di)帶河網密布。最(zui)大(da)(da)的湖泊(bo)為牟山湖,蓄水(shui)量(liang)400萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米。最(zui)大(da)(da)水(shui)庫(ku)為四(si)明湖,總庫(ku)容為12354萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米;興(xing)利庫(ku)容7439萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米。產區水(shui)能、水(shui)力資(zi)(zi)源十(shi)分豐富。?
(3)氣候情(qing)況:余(yu)姚屬于北亞熱帶季風(feng)(feng)氣候,冬夏(xia)季風(feng)(feng)交替特別(bie)明(ming)顯,溫暖濕潤,四季分(fen)明(ming),陽光充足,雨量(liang)(liang)充沛,垂直(zhi)差異(yi)和層狀(zhuang)分(fen)布明(ming)顯。其中(zhong),平(ping)均降雨量(liang)(liang)在1263—1987毫米,6月(yue)份和九月(yue)份是兩個主要雨季;年(nian)日照時數1502—2081小(xiao)時,全年(nian)無霜(shuang)期198-228天,平(ping)均氣溫為11.6—16.4℃,≥10℃積溫3493-5166℃,年(nian)輻射(she)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)106-112千卡(ka)/平(ping)方厘米左右,主導風(feng)(feng)向為東南風(feng)(feng)和西北風(feng)(feng)。
三.地域范圍
余姚市位(wei)于(yu)浙東寧波平原,東與(yu)寧波市江北(bei)(bei)區(qu)、鄞(yin)州區(qu)相鄰(lin),南枕四明(ming)(ming)山(shan),與(yu)奉化、嵊州市接壤,西連(lian)上虞市,北(bei)(bei)毗慈(ci)溪(xi)市,西北(bei)(bei)于(yu)錢塘(tang)(tang)江、杭(hang)州灣中心線與(yu)海鹽縣交界(jie),全市總面積(ji)1526.86平方公(gong)里,有21個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao),268個(ge)行政村。 余姚瀑(pu)布仙茗產(chan)自于(yu)四明(ming)(ming)山(shan)、大嵐、梁弄、鹿亭(ting)、陸埠、大隱(yin)、河(he)姆渡(du)、三七市、丈亭(ting)、馬(ma)渚、牟山(shan)、臨山(shan)、蘭江街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、梨洲街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、低塘(tang)(tang)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、陽明(ming)(ming)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)、鳳山(shan)街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao)等(deng)十七個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(街(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)道(dao))。地(di)理坐標為東經120°52′00″~121°54′00″,北(bei)(bei)緯29°40′00″~30°23′00″,全市茶園面積(ji)6.1萬畝,產(chan)量為655噸(dun),產(chan)值1.2億元。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征
(1)外(wai)在感官(guan)特(te)征:余姚(yao)瀑布仙茗以品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、加工工藝為(wei)基礎,推出“三(san)(san)色(se)(se)(se)四字”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),其中(zhong)黃(huang)之綠(lv)(lv)茶(cha)對(dui)應“金韻(yun)(yun)(yun)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie),設(she)(she)2個(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)分別(bie)(bie)(bie)為(wei)24k、18k,金韻(yun)(yun)(yun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)卷曲如螺(luo)、勻(yun)(yun)凈、金色(se)(se)(se)悅目,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)高郁持久(jiu),滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味(wei)(wei)醇鮮(xian)回甘(gan),湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)(se)黃(huang)亮(liang)(liang),葉底玉黃(huang)、細嫩(nen)(nen)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朵(duo)明亮(liang)(liang);白(bai)(bai)之綠(lv)(lv)茶(cha)對(dui)應“雪(xue)(xue)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie),設(she)(she)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(雪(xue)(xue)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)700、雪(xue)(xue)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)500、雪(xue)(xue)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)300)和1個(ge)(ge)副級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)(普級(ji)(ji)(ji)),主(zhu)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie)的鮮(xian)葉嫩(nen)(nen)度基本一致(zhi),根據白(bai)(bai)化茶(cha)白(bai)(bai)化程度不同,內質不一的特(te)性加以區別(bie)(bie)(bie),雪(xue)(xue)韻(yun)(yun)(yun)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)卷曲如鉤、勻(yun)(yun)凈、綠(lv)(lv)翠(cui)鑲金,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)高鮮(xian)持久(jiu),湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)(se)翠(cui)綠(lv)(lv)明亮(liang)(liang),滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)醇,葉底顯白(bai)(bai)、嫩(nen)(nen)勻(yun)(yun)明亮(liang)(liang);綠(lv)(lv)之綠(lv)(lv)茶(cha)對(dui)應“針形(xing)(xing)(xing)”、“龍(long)珠(zhu)”等(deng)2個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie),“針形(xing)(xing)(xing)”系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)設(she)(she)5個(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)條緊略扁、勻(yun)(yun)凈、色(se)(se)(se)澤綠(lv)(lv)翠(cui),香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)氣嫩(nen)(nen)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)持久(jiu),滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)醇爽口,湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)(se)嫩(nen)(nen)綠(lv)(lv)清澈明亮(liang)(liang),葉底芽葉成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朵(duo)、勻(yun)(yun)齊;龍(long)珠(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)(lie)設(she)(she)2個(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(bie),即(ji)一級(ji)(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)(ji),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)蟠曲、緊結(jie)、勻(yun)(yun)凈,色(se)(se)(se)澤砂綠(lv)(lv)油(you)潤(run),香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)高持久(jiu),滋(zi)(zi)(zi)味(wei)(wei)鮮(xian)醇爽口,湯(tang)(tang)色(se)(se)(se)綠(lv)(lv)亮(liang)(liang),葉底芽葉成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)朵(duo)、勻(yun)(yun)整明亮(liang)(liang)。余姚(yao)瀑布仙茗豐富的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),囊括高端品(pin)(pin)(pin)位特(te)色(se)(se)(se)珍稀(xi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和適合大眾消(xiao)費的低值(zhi)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)高、中(zhong)、低三(san)(san)個(ge)(ge)層(ceng)次的產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)結(jie)構,從而達到滿足不同層(ceng)次消(xiao)費者的需要。?
(2)內在品(pin)質指標(biao):水分(fen)含量(liang)≤6.5%,總灰分(fen)≤6.0%,碎末含量(liang)≤5.5%,粗纖(xian)維含量(liang)≤14.0%,水浸出物含量(liang)≥36.0%?
(3)質量安全要求:衛(wei)生指標執行GB 2762和GB 2763《新茶葉衛(wei)生標準》。
五.特(te)定(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)方式
(1)產(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇和特(te)定(ding)內(nei)容(rong)規定(ding):余(yu)姚瀑布(bu)(bu)仙茗生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基(ji)地主要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在四明山、大嵐、梁弄、鹿亭、陸(lu)埠(bu)、大隱、河姆渡、三七市、丈亭、馬(ma)渚、牟山、臨山、蘭(lan)江街道(dao)、梨洲街道(dao)、低塘(tang)街道(dao)、陽(yang)明街道(dao)、鳳(feng)山街道(dao)等十七個鄉鎮(街道(dao))。 茶(cha)園(yuan)應選(xuan)擇在氣候條件良好(hao),生(sheng)態環境(jing)優越的地段,坡度25°以(yi)下,土層深80cm以(yi)上,土壤pH4.5~6.5,有機質含量大于1.5%,地下水位(wei)100cm以(yi)下,遠離生(sheng)活區和工業區,無環境(jing)污染。 產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)條件必須(xu)符合NY 5020 無公害(hai)食(shi)品 茶(cha)葉產(chan)(chan)地環境(jing)條件的規定(ding)。
?(2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定要求:余姚瀑布仙茗適用品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)茸毛偏少(shao)的(de)無性系(xi)(xi)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主。根據品(pin)質要求,選用品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)分為(wei)常規良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)、白色系(xi)(xi)白化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)和黃(huang)色系(xi)(xi)白化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。常規良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you):烏(wu)牛早、中茶(cha)(cha)108、龍井長葉、迎霜(shuang)等;白色系(xi)(xi)白化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you):安吉白茶(cha)(cha)、四明雪芽等;黃(huang)色系(xi)(xi)白化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)良(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)主要品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)有(you):黃(huang)金芽等。余姚瀑布仙茗茶(cha)(cha)園的(de)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)應符合(he)DB3302/T 075.1《余姚瀑布仙茗 品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)與苗木》相關規定。?
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li):余(yu)(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程必(bi)須(xu)執行(xing)DB3302/T075.3《余(yu)(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗 加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件(jian)與(yu)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。為(wei)保證余(yu)(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特色(se)和(he)(he)(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全,重點抓好以(yi)下(xia)關(guan)鍵環(huan)節(jie):①基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)規(gui)(gui)模化(hua)建(jian)設技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。在基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)四明山自然(ran)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境優(you)勢(shi),注重高(gao)山區(qu)塊(kuai)與(yu)低(di)山區(qu)塊(kuai)并(bing)(bing)重,集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區(qu)域與(yu)分散(san)區(qu)域并(bing)(bing)進(jin)(jin),根據當地(di)(di)(di)實(shi)際,以(yi)環(huan)保為(wei)前提(ti),合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)選擇基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)。在發(fa)展(zhan)新茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)時(shi)注重早、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、晚品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)科學(xue)配(pei)(pei)置,在常規(gui)(gui)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)基(ji)礎上(shang),大力推進(jin)(jin)黃色(se)系(xi)、白色(se)系(xi)等(deng)珍稀白化(hua)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)基(ji)地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)設。 ②茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)包(bao)(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)、修(xiu)剪、土壤(rang)(rang)耕作(zuo)(zuo)、水分管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、光照(zhao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)防治(zhi)(zhi)、凍(dong)害(hai)預(yu)防、采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘等(deng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)培(pei)(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)對(dui)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全影(ying)響最大,余(yu)(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)一般重施(shi)(shi)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei), 早施(shi)(shi)催芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei),補施(shi)(shi)接力肥(fei)(fei)(fei),配(pei)(pei)施(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei);禁止含(han)有(you)毒、有(you)害(hai)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)垃圾(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)人(ren)糞尿作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),提(ti)倡(chang)綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、秸桿、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)枝等(deng)覆蓋(gai)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)土壤(rang)(rang);農(nong)家有(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前須(xu)經無害(hai)化(hua)處理(li)(li)(li)(li),微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料應(ying)(ying)符合(he)(he)NY /T 227要(yao)求(qiu)。此(ci)外科學(xue)根外施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei),注意(yi)鈣、鎂、硫(liu)(liu)、鐵、錳、鋅(xin)、銅等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元素(su)的(de)(de)營養平衡。每兩(liang)年一次檢(jian)測(ce)土壤(rang)(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)力水平和(he)(he)(he)(he)重金屬元素(su)含(han)量(liang),根據檢(jian)測(ce)結(jie)果(guo),針(zhen)對(dui)性(xing)地(di)(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取土壤(rang)(rang)改(gai)良(liang)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)。 余(yu)(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境優(you)越,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統完善,天敵(di)資源豐富(fu),一般不用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學(xue)防治(zhi)(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi)(zhi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取“預(yu)防為(wei)主,綜合(he)(he)防治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)方(fang)針(zhen),從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統出發(fa),加(jia)強病(bing)蟲(chong)預(yu)測(ce)預(yu)報,綜合(he)(he)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)防治(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),創造抑制(zhi)病(bing)、蟲(chong)、草等(deng)有(you)害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)孳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)(he)有(you)利(li)于各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)天敵(di)繁衍的(de)(de)環(huan)境條件(jian),保持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統的(de)(de)平衡和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)多樣性(xing),將有(you)害(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)控(kong)制(zhi)在允(yun)許的(de)(de)經濟閾值以(yi)下(xia),將農(nong)藥殘留降低(di)到(dao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)標準范圍。根據病(bing)、蟲(chong)、雜(za)草的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)學(xue)規(gui)(gui)律,因時(shi)、因地(di)(di)(di)制(zhi)宜,合(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)運(yun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘、修(xiu)剪、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)、耕作(zuo)(zuo)等(deng)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)草害(hai)。采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)或人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)方(fang)法捕殺(sha)、誘殺(sha)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛蟲(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶(can)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蓑蛾(e)等(deng)害(hai)蟲(chong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)防除(chu)雜(za)草。保護和(he)(he)(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)天敵(di),發(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)防治(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。優(you)先(xian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥和(he)(he)(he)(he)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)源農(nong)藥。嚴(yan)(yan)禁使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滴滴涕、六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)、對(dui)硫(liu)(liu)磷(1605)、甲基(ji)對(dui)硫(liu)(liu)磷、甲胺(an)磷、乙酰甲胺(an)磷、氧(yang)化(hua)樂果(guo)、五(wu)氯(lv)酚鈉、殺(sha)蟲(chong)脒(mi)、克百威(wei)、三氯(lv)殺(sha)螨醇(chun)、水胺(an)硫(liu)(liu)磷、氰戊菊酯、順(shun)式氰戊菊酯及其(qi)混劑等(deng)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留農(nong)藥。 ③茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)清潔化(hua)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)對(dui)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)、廠房(fang)環(huan)境、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)改(gai)造,實(shi)現(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)按(an)(an)食(shi)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)(an)全要(yao)求(qiu),力爭做到(dao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)不落地(di)(di)(di);茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)設備(bei)定(ding)期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)改(gai)造和(he)(he)(he)(he)升(sheng)級,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)向(xiang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹修(xiu)剪、名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘以(yi)及茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)除(chu)草等(deng)栽培(pei)(pei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)延伸,向(xiang)貯藏、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)并(bing)(bing)舉拓展(zhan)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)度(du)(du)健全,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)全程監控(kong);加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員要(yao)持健康合(he)(he)格證和(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)崗(gang)(gang)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)合(he)(he)格證上(shang)崗(gang)(gang),掌握茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)與(yu)操作(zuo)(zuo)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),了解(jie)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu),具(ju)備(bei)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)所需的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)素(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。余(yu)(yu)姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)(xian)茗生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單位必(bi)須(xu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)QS認證,加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)制(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、貯藏和(he)(he)(he)(he)運(yun)輸要(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格按(an)(an)照(zhao)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)有(you)關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu),使(shi)(shi)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程規(gui)(gui)范,消除(chu)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)(an)全隱患,實(shi)現(xian)清潔化(hua)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。 ④茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)可追溯技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。建(jian)立(li)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)農(nong)事和(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)檔案,從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)到(dao)銷(xiao)(xiao)售的(de)(de)每一個環(huan)節(jie)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)監控(kong),包(bao)(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)、采(cai)(cai)(cai)摘時(shi)間、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)間、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)、農(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、原始檢(jian)驗(yan)記錄、出廠檢(jian)驗(yan)、銷(xiao)(xiao)售網絡等(deng)內容。嚴(yan)(yan)格按(an)(an)照(zhao)無公(gong)(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、綠(lv)色(se)食(shi)品(pin)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)建(jian)立(li)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)可追溯制(zhi)度(du)(du)。?
(4)產(chan)品收獲(huo)及(ji)產(chan)后處理規定。加工(gong)制作余姚(yao)瀑布(bu)仙茗必須嚴格按照DB3302/T 075.3《余姚(yao)瀑布(bu)仙茗 加工(gong)條(tiao)件與(yu)技(ji)術》的(de)標準進行加工(gong)。以(yi)規范(fan)攤青、殺青、揉(rou)捻、烘培、攤涼、理條(tiao)、整(zheng)形、曲毫、提香(xiang)等(deng)各道(dao)工(gong)序(xu),做到有章(zhang)可循,從而保證和穩定余姚(yao)瀑布(bu)仙茗的(de)質量。生產(chan)全過程,必須建立原(yuan)料(liao)采購、加工(gong)、貯存、運輸、入(ru)庫(ku)、出庫(ku)和銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)完整(zheng)檔案記錄,要求準確、清(qing)楚、完整(zheng),并妥善保管,以(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相(xiang)關(guan)規(gui)定
(1)標(biao)識:標(biao)志使用人應在其(qi)產(chan)品(pin)或其(qi)包裝上統一使用農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(余兆瀑布仙茗名稱(cheng)和公共(gong)標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注型式)。?
(2)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)規定:包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)必須符(fu)(fu)合SB/T 10037的(de)規定。包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料應符(fu)(fu)合食(shi)品(pin)衛生要求,無異味(wei)、密封能(neng)保護茶(cha)葉品(pin)質。直接接觸茶(cha)葉的(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料應符(fu)(fu)合GB 11680規定。?
(3)貯(zhu)(zhu)藏規定:茶(cha)葉(xie)貯(zhu)(zhu)存保(bao)鮮的(de)含水量宜(yi)小(xiao)于6.5%。小(xiao)批(pi)(pi)量宜(yi)用(yong)石(shi)灰缸貯(zhu)(zhu)存,大批(pi)(pi)量宜(yi)用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)冷(leng)庫貯(zhu)(zhu)存。茶(cha)葉(xie)先經(jing)簡易包裝(zhuang)(zhuang),采用(yong)清潔(jie)(jie)、干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)、無(wu)異味(wei)(wei)的(de)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)箱(xiang),內(nei)襯牛皮紙或鋁箔,并套(tao)一層塑料(liao)袋。貯(zhu)(zhu)存庫房應:清潔(jie)(jie),無(wu)異味(wei)(wei),遠離(li)有毒、有異味(wei)(wei)、易污染的(de)物品;干(gan)燥(zao)(zao),配有除濕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi);配用(yong)冷(leng)藏設施,保(bao)持庫內(nei)溫(wen)度在2℃~8℃之間(jian);避(bi)光(guang),庫房內(nei)無(wu)直(zhi)射(she)光(guang)。?
(4)運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)規(gui)定(ding):運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)必須符合SB/T 10035的(de)規(gui)定(ding)。運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)工(gong)具必須清潔(jie)衛生,干燥(zao)無異(yi)味,嚴(yan)禁與有毒、有害、有異(yi)味、易污染的(de)物品混裝(zhuang)混運。運輸(shu)(shu)(shu)中必須穩固,應防(fang)雨、防(fang)潮、防(fang)曝曬,裝(zhuang)卸(xie)時應輕裝(zhuang)輕卸(xie),防(fang)止擠壓、碰撞。