一.產品介紹
余(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)產(chan)(chan)自最佳綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)產(chan)(chan)區-四(si)(si)明(ming)山(shan),人(ren)稱(cheng)“第(di)二(er)廬山(shan)”,地處浙東沿海,海拔在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)500米左右,境(jing)內(nei)滿山(shan)遍坡的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹,猶(you)如(ru)翠龍(long)蜿蜒,與(yu)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)秀水為(wei)伴(ban),以(yi)(yi)(yi)清風云霧為(wei)侶(lv),采(cai)日(ri)月(yue)之靈(ling)氣,得天(tian)(tian)(tian)地之精(jing)華,使(shi)出產(chan)(chan)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)品(pin)質(zhi)上(shang)乘(cheng)。同時(shi)四(si)(si)明(ming)山(shan)也(ye)(ye)是道(dao)教圣(sheng)地,被(bei)列為(wei)第(di)九洞天(tian)(tian)(tian),名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)曰“丹山(shan)赤水洞天(tian)(tian)(tian)”。那里(li)山(shan)青(qing)(qing)、水秀、谷幽(you)、瀑奇,被(bei)譽(yu)(yu)為(wei)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)然氧吧(ba)”、人(ren)間“綠(lv)肺”。一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)四(si)(si)季氣候優(you)良,“冬(dong)如(ru)長白山(shan)”、“夏如(ru)莫干山(shan)”。四(si)(si)明(ming)山(shan)的(de)幽(you)美仙(xian)境(jing),頻(pin)頻(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)事,與(yu)道(dao)教淵源之深,更吸引了(le)眾多(duo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)學(xue)(xue)子(zi)、道(dao)士高(gao)(gao)僧。他們到(dao)四(si)(si)明(ming)山(shan)隱居修(xiu)(xiu)煉與(yu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)為(wei)伴(ban),修(xiu)(xiu)身養性以(yi)(yi)(yi)致學(xue)(xue)道(dao)成(cheng)仙(xian)。至今有(you)漢(han)仙(xian)人(ren)丹丘子(zi)培育(yu)“大(da)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)”,劉(綱(gang))樊(云翹)夫(fu)婦修(xiu)(xiu)道(dao)品(pin)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)成(cheng)仙(xian)等傳說。歷代(dai)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)人(ren)還有(you)梅福、魏伯陽、孫綽兄弟,謝安(an)、謝靈(ling)運、施肩吾、謝遺塵及唐(tang)代(dai)許多(duo)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人(ren),他們都在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)下足(zu)跡和詩詞。 余(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)宋以(yi)(yi)(yi)前(qian),就久負盛名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),據(ju)古(gu)籍記(ji)載(zai)(zai):漢(han)代(dai)有(you)一(yi)(yi)位叫虞洪的(de)余(yu)姚(yao)人(ren)入四(si)(si)明(ming)山(shan)采(cai)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)),途遇(yu)仙(xian)人(ren),贈以(yi)(yi)(yi)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嶺上(shang)的(de)大(da)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),這就是現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)身。同時(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)唐(tang)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)圣(sheng)陸羽《茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)經》中(zhong)(zhong)記(ji)載(zai)(zai):浙東茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)以(yi)(yi)(yi)越州(zhou)為(wei)上(shang),余(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)尤(you)佳。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)改革開(kai)放春風吹拂下,余(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)這一(yi)(yi)歷史知名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)古(gu)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)末恢復創制,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)多(duo)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)屆人(ren)士的(de)努力下,通過(guo)數年(nian)(nian)探索,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)上(shang)世(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)代(dai),解(jie)決了(le)全(quan)程機械制作難題,同時(shi)70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)末從考察中(zhong)(zhong)得到(dao)啟發,把名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)優(you)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)定為(wei)針狀形(xing),使(shi)做出來的(de)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)外形(xing)細緊挺直,稍扁似松針,香高(gao)(gao)味(wei)醇,耐沖泡耐儲存(cun),品(pin)質(zhi)獨(du)特。 優(you)良的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及豐富(fu)的(de)內(nei)涵使(shi)余(yu)姚(yao)瀑布(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)聲名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)鵲起,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)全(quan)國許多(duo)地方(fang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及南亞、日(ri)本、新加坡等地暢銷,同時(shi)也(ye)(ye)先(xian)后獲得寧(ning)波(bo)市名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)、寧(ning)波(bo)市八大(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、浙江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)牌(pai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)和浙江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標(biao)、中(zhong)(zhong)國馳名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)商標(biao)、浙江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)優(you)質(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、中(zhong)(zhong)華文化名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)和中(zhong)(zhong)國鼎尖名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)等稱(cheng)號,并多(duo)次(ci)獲得浙江省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)綠(lv)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)博(bo)覽會金獎(jiang)、中(zhong)(zhong)綠(lv)杯(bei)和省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)農博(bo)會金獎(jiang)等多(duo)項(xiang)榮譽(yu)(yu),是全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)重要名(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區域(yu)品(pin)牌(pai)和寧(ning)波(bo)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)業產(chan)(chan)出規(gui)模最大(da)的(de)區域(yu)性品(pin)牌(pai)。
二.自然生態環(huan)境和人文(wen)歷史(shi)因素(su)
(1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情況:余(yu)姚屬浙(zhe)東(dong)(dong)盆(pen)地(di)(di)與(yu)浙(zhe)北(bei)(bei)平(ping)(ping)原交叉(cha)地(di)(di)區(qu),地(di)(di)勢南高北(bei)(bei)低,中間微(wei)陷。南部為(wei)四明山區(qu)——浙(zhe)東(dong)(dong)革命(ming)老區(qu),山巒起伏(fu),散布(bu)大小(xiao)不等的臺地(di)(di)和谷地(di)(di),中部為(wei)姚江(jiang)沖(chong)積河谷平(ping)(ping)原,北(bei)(bei)部為(wei)錢塘江(jiang)、杭州灣沖(chong)積平(ping)(ping)原。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)為(wei)主(zhu), PH值5.7左右(you),土(tu)(tu)層較為(wei)深厚,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥沃,有(you)機質(zhi)含量豐富(fu),達(da)2.5%~4.5%。余(yu)姚環境優越,交通便利(li),茶(cha)樹(shu)生(sheng)長(chang)條(tiao)件適宜,茶(cha)樹(shu)種植區(qu)無環境污染,是生(sheng)產無公害、綠(lv)色(se)食品與(yu)有(you)機茶(cha)的理想境地(di)(di)。?
(2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況:余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)分屬四個水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi):姚(yao)(yao)(yao)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)、奉化江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)、曹(cao)娥江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)和錢塘江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)。其中姚(yao)(yao)(yao)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)面積最大(da),為(wei)918.48k㎡,占(zhan)全市(shi)總(zong)(zong)面積近68.2%。多年平均年地表徑(jing)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)11億立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi);地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)為(wei)1124萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(未(wei)計灌溉回歸水(shui)(shui)(shui)補給量(liang)(liang)(liang)),但地下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)可開采量(liang)(liang)(liang)較(jiao)少。全市(shi)有(you)河(he)(he)道(dao)1700多公里,河(he)(he)面約(yue)4.9萬畝,正常(chang)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)位時蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)8000萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)左右,現狀水(shui)(shui)(shui)面率(lv)約(yue)為(wei)5.2%。人均水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)占(zhan)有(you)量(liang)(liang)(liang)偏(pian)少,只有(you)1330立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。最大(da)的(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)為(wei)姚(yao)(yao)(yao)江(jiang),余(yu)(yu)姚(yao)(yao)(yao)市(shi)境內(nei)長度55公里,平原地帶河(he)(he)網密布。最大(da)的(de)湖(hu)泊為(wei)牟山(shan)湖(hu),蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)400萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。最大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫為(wei)四明湖(hu),總(zong)(zong)庫容為(wei)12354萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi);興利庫容7439萬立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)。產區水(shui)(shui)(shui)能、水(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)資源(yuan)十(shi)分豐富。?
(3)氣候情(qing)況:余姚屬(shu)于北(bei)亞熱帶(dai)季風(feng)氣候,冬夏季風(feng)交替(ti)特(te)別明(ming)(ming)顯,溫暖濕潤(run),四(si)季分明(ming)(ming),陽光充(chong)(chong)足(zu),雨(yu)量充(chong)(chong)沛,垂直差(cha)異和(he)(he)層(ceng)狀分布明(ming)(ming)顯。其(qi)中,平均降雨(yu)量在1263—1987毫(hao)米,6月份(fen)和(he)(he)九(jiu)月份(fen)是兩個主(zhu)要雨(yu)季;年日照時數1502—2081小時,全年無霜期198-228天(tian),平均氣溫為(wei)(wei)11.6—16.4℃,≥10℃積溫3493-5166℃,年輻射(she)總量106-112千卡/平方厘(li)米左右,主(zhu)導風(feng)向為(wei)(wei)東南風(feng)和(he)(he)西北(bei)風(feng)。
三.地域范圍
余姚市(shi)位于(yu)浙東寧波(bo)平原,東與(yu)寧波(bo)市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)北(bei)(bei)區、鄞州(zhou)區相鄰,南枕四明山(shan),與(yu)奉化、嵊州(zhou)市(shi)接(jie)壤,西(xi)連(lian)上虞市(shi),北(bei)(bei)毗慈溪市(shi),西(xi)北(bei)(bei)于(yu)錢(qian)塘(tang)(tang)江(jiang)(jiang)、杭州(zhou)灣中(zhong)心線與(yu)海鹽縣交界,全市(shi)總面積1526.86平方公里(li),有(you)21個鄉(xiang)鎮街(jie)(jie)道,268個行政村。 余姚瀑布仙(xian)茗(ming)產自于(yu)四明山(shan)、大嵐、梁弄(nong)、鹿亭、陸埠、大隱、河(he)姆渡、三七(qi)(qi)市(shi)、丈(zhang)亭、馬渚、牟山(shan)、臨(lin)山(shan)、蘭江(jiang)(jiang)街(jie)(jie)道、梨洲街(jie)(jie)道、低(di)塘(tang)(tang)街(jie)(jie)道、陽(yang)明街(jie)(jie)道、鳳(feng)山(shan)街(jie)(jie)道等十(shi)七(qi)(qi)個鄉(xiang)鎮(街(jie)(jie)道)。地理(li)坐標為東經120°52′00″~121°54′00″,北(bei)(bei)緯29°40′00″~30°23′00″,全市(shi)茶園面積6.1萬畝,產量(liang)為655噸,產值1.2億元。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外(wai)(wai)在感官特(te)征(zheng):余姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)以品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、加工(gong)工(gong)藝為基(ji)礎,推出“三(san)色(se)(se)(se)四字”系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),其中黃(huang)之(zhi)(zhi)綠茶對(dui)應“金(jin)(jin)韻(yun)”系(xi)列(lie)(lie),設(she)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)分(fen)別(bie)(bie)為24k、18k,金(jin)(jin)韻(yun)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)卷曲(qu)如(ru)螺、勻(yun)凈(jing)(jing)、金(jin)(jin)色(se)(se)(se)悅目(mu),香高(gao)(gao)郁持久,滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)醇鮮回(hui)甘,湯色(se)(se)(se)黃(huang)亮(liang),葉底(di)玉黃(huang)、細嫩成(cheng)朵明亮(liang);白之(zhi)(zhi)綠茶對(dui)應“雪(xue)韻(yun)”系(xi)列(lie)(lie),設(she)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)主級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(雪(xue)韻(yun)700、雪(xue)韻(yun)500、雪(xue)韻(yun)300)和1個(ge)(ge)(ge)副級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)(普級(ji)(ji)(ji)),主級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie)的(de)(de)鮮葉嫩度(du)基(ji)本一(yi)(yi)致,根據白化茶白化程度(du)不同,內質不一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)特(te)性加以區(qu)別(bie)(bie),雪(xue)韻(yun)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)卷曲(qu)如(ru)鉤、勻(yun)凈(jing)(jing)、綠翠鑲金(jin)(jin),香高(gao)(gao)鮮持久,湯色(se)(se)(se)翠綠明亮(liang),滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)鮮醇,葉底(di)顯白、嫩勻(yun)明亮(liang);綠之(zhi)(zhi)綠茶對(dui)應“針形(xing)(xing)”、“龍珠(zhu)(zhu)”等(deng)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)系(xi)列(lie)(lie),“針形(xing)(xing)”系(xi)列(lie)(lie)設(she)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)條緊(jin)略扁(bian)、勻(yun)凈(jing)(jing)、色(se)(se)(se)澤綠翠,香氣嫩香持久,滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)鮮醇爽口(kou),湯色(se)(se)(se)嫩綠清澈明亮(liang),葉底(di)芽葉成(cheng)朵、勻(yun)齊;龍珠(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)列(lie)(lie)設(she)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)級(ji)(ji)(ji)別(bie)(bie),即一(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)、二級(ji)(ji)(ji),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)外(wai)(wai)形(xing)(xing)蟠曲(qu)、緊(jin)結(jie)、勻(yun)凈(jing)(jing),色(se)(se)(se)澤砂綠油(you)潤(run),香高(gao)(gao)持久,滋(zi)(zi)味(wei)鮮醇爽口(kou),湯色(se)(se)(se)綠亮(liang),葉底(di)芽葉成(cheng)朵、勻(yun)整明亮(liang)。余姚(yao)瀑(pu)布(bu)仙(xian)茗(ming)(ming)豐富的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)構成(cheng),囊括高(gao)(gao)端品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)位特(te)色(se)(se)(se)珍稀產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)和適合大眾消(xiao)費的(de)(de)低值產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin),構成(cheng)高(gao)(gao)、中、低三(san)個(ge)(ge)(ge)層次的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)結(jie)構,從(cong)而達到滿足(zu)不同層次消(xiao)費者的(de)(de)需要(yao)。?
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標:水(shui)分(fen)含(han)量≤6.5%,總灰分(fen)≤6.0%,碎末含(han)量≤5.5%,粗(cu)纖(xian)維含(han)量≤14.0%,水(shui)浸出物含(han)量≥36.0%?
(3)質量安全要求(qiu):衛生指標執行GB 2762和GB 2763《新茶葉衛生標準》。
五.特(te)定生產方式
(1)產地(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)和特定內容規(gui)定:余姚瀑布(bu)仙(xian)茗生產基(ji)地(di)主要分布(bu)在(zai)四明(ming)山、大嵐、梁(liang)弄、鹿亭、陸埠、大隱、河姆(mu)渡(du)、三七市、丈亭、馬(ma)渚、牟(mou)山、臨山、蘭江街(jie)(jie)(jie)道、梨洲街(jie)(jie)(jie)道、低塘街(jie)(jie)(jie)道、陽明(ming)街(jie)(jie)(jie)道、鳳山街(jie)(jie)(jie)道等(deng)十七個鄉鎮(街(jie)(jie)(jie)道)。 茶園應選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)氣候條件(jian)(jian)良好,生態環(huan)境(jing)優越的地(di)段,坡度25°以下,土層深80cm以上(shang),土壤pH4.5~6.5,有(you)機(ji)質含量大于1.5%,地(di)下水(shui)位(wei)100cm以下,遠離生活區和工業區,無環(huan)境(jing)污染。 產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)(jian)必須符合NY 5020 無公害食品 茶葉產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)條件(jian)(jian)的規(gui)定。
?(2)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定(ding)要(yao)(yao)求:余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布仙茗適用品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以茸毛偏少的無性系良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為主(zhu)(zhu)。根據品(pin)(pin)質要(yao)(yao)求,選用品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分為常(chang)規良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、白(bai)色(se)系白(bai)化(hua)(hua)茶良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和黃(huang)色(se)系白(bai)化(hua)(hua)茶良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。常(chang)規良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you):烏牛早(zao)、中茶108、龍井(jing)長葉(xie)、迎霜等(deng)(deng);白(bai)色(se)系白(bai)化(hua)(hua)茶良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you):安吉白(bai)茶、四明雪(xue)芽(ya)等(deng)(deng);黃(huang)色(se)系白(bai)化(hua)(hua)茶良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you):黃(huang)金芽(ya)等(deng)(deng)。余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布仙茗茶園的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)符合DB3302/T 075.1《余(yu)姚(yao)瀑(pu)布仙茗 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與苗木》相(xiang)關規定(ding)。?
(3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li):余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)必須執(zhi)行(xing)DB3302/T075.3《余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)(ming)(ming) 加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)條件與技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)》的(de)(de)規(gui)定。為(wei)保證(zheng)余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)(ming)(ming)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)特色(se)和(he)(he)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan),重(zhong)點抓好以(yi)(yi)下關(guan)鍵環(huan)(huan)節(jie):①基(ji)地(di)(di)規(gui)模(mo)化(hua)(hua)建設(she)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。在基(ji)地(di)(di)建設(she)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)充分利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)四明山自然、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境優(you)(you)勢,注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)高(gao)山區(qu)(qu)塊與低山區(qu)(qu)塊并(bing)重(zhong),集中(zhong)區(qu)(qu)域與分散區(qu)(qu)域并(bing)進(jin),根(gen)據(ju)當地(di)(di)實際,以(yi)(yi)環(huan)(huan)保為(wei)前提(ti),合(he)(he)理(li)(li)選擇基(ji)地(di)(di)。在發(fa)展(zhan)新茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)早、中(zhong)、晚(wan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)科學(xue)(xue)配(pei)置,在常(chang)規(gui)良種(zhong)基(ji)地(di)(di)基(ji)礎上,大(da)力(li)推(tui)進(jin)黃色(se)系(xi)(xi)、白色(se)系(xi)(xi)等(deng)(deng)珍稀(xi)白化(hua)(hua)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)基(ji)地(di)(di)建設(she)。 ②茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)包(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)苗種(zhong)植(zhi)、修(xiu)剪、土壤耕(geng)(geng)作、水(shui)(shui)(shui)分管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、光照(zhao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)、凍害(hai)(hai)預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)、采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)等(deng)(deng)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),其中(zhong)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)和(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)培(pei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)影響最(zui)大(da),余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)般重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei), 早施(shi)(shi)催芽肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),補施(shi)(shi)接力(li)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),配(pei)施(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei);禁止(zhi)含有(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)垃圾(ji)和(he)(he)人糞尿作為(wei)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),提(ti)倡綠(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、秸桿、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)枝等(deng)(deng)覆(fu)蓋茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)土壤;農(nong)(nong)家有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)前須經(jing)無害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)處理(li)(li),微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料應(ying)符(fu)合(he)(he)NY /T 227要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。此外科學(xue)(xue)根(gen)外施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),注(zhu)(zhu)意鈣、鎂、硫(liu)(liu)、鐵、錳、鋅、銅等(deng)(deng)多種(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)(su)的(de)(de)營養平(ping)衡(heng)。每(mei)兩年(nian)一(yi)次檢測(ce)土壤肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)和(he)(he)重(zhong)金屬元(yuan)素(su)(su)含量(liang)(liang),根(gen)據(ju)檢測(ce)結果,針對性地(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)取土壤改良措施(shi)(shi)。 余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)(ming)(ming)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境優(you)(you)越,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統完善,天(tian)敵(di)資源豐富,一(yi)般不用(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)采(cai)(cai)取“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主,綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)方針,從茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統出(chu)發(fa),加(jia)(jia)(jia)強病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)預(yu)測(ce)預(yu)報(bao),綜合(he)(he)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)各種(zhong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi)(shi),創造抑制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)孳生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)各種(zhong)天(tian)敵(di)繁衍的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境條件,保持茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)(de)多樣性,將有(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)在允許的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)閾值(zhi)以(yi)(yi)下,將農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留降低到(dao)(dao)規(gui)定標準范(fan)圍。根(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、雜(za)草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)(xue)規(gui)律,因時、因地(di)(di)制(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi),合(he)(he)理(li)(li)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)、修(xiu)剪、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、耕(geng)(geng)作等(deng)(deng)措施(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)草(cao)(cao)害(hai)(hai)。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)(ji)械或人工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)方法捕殺、誘殺茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)毛蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蠶、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)蓑蛾等(deng)(deng)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)除(chu)(chu)雜(za)草(cao)(cao)。保護和(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)天(tian)敵(di),發(fa)揮(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。優(you)(you)先(xian)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和(he)(he)植(zhi)物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)(yong)滴滴涕、六(liu)六(liu)六(liu)、對硫(liu)(liu)磷(1605)、甲基(ji)對硫(liu)(liu)磷、甲胺(an)磷、乙酰甲胺(an)磷、氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)樂(le)果、五(wu)氯酚鈉、殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)脒、克百威、三氯殺螨醇、水(shui)(shui)(shui)胺(an)硫(liu)(liu)磷、氰戊菊酯(zhi)(zhi)、順式氰戊菊酯(zhi)(zhi)及其混劑等(deng)(deng)高(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)殘留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。 ③茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)清(qing)潔化(hua)(hua)、機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。通(tong)(tong)過(guo)對茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)設(she)備、機(ji)(ji)械、廠(chang)房環(huan)(huan)境、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)改造,實現(xian)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)按食品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),力(li)爭(zheng)做到(dao)(dao)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)不落地(di)(di);茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)設(she)備定期進(jin)行(xing)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)改造和(he)(he)升級,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)機(ji)(ji)械應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)向茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)修(xiu)剪、名茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)以(yi)(yi)及茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)等(deng)(deng)栽培(pei)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)延(yan)伸(shen),向貯藏、包(bao)裝(zhuang)機(ji)(ji)械應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)并(bing)舉拓展(zhan)。茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)廠(chang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)健(jian)(jian)全(quan),產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)實施(shi)(shi)全(quan)程(cheng)監控(kong);加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)要(yao)持健(jian)(jian)康合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)和(he)(he)上崗培(pei)訓(xun)合(he)(he)格(ge)(ge)證(zheng)上崗,掌握茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝與操(cao)作技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu),了解茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),具備茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)所需的(de)(de)基(ji)本(ben)素(su)(su)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。余(yu)姚瀑(pu)(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)(ming)(ming)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單位必須通(tong)(tong)過(guo)QS認證(zheng),加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)制(zhi)(zhi)作、包(bao)裝(zhuang)、貯藏和(he)(he)運輸要(yao)嚴格(ge)(ge)按照(zhao)無公害(hai)(hai)食品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),使茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)規(gui)范(fan),消除(chu)(chu)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)安(an)全(quan)隱患,實現(xian)清(qing)潔化(hua)(hua)、機(ji)(ji)械化(hua)(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。 ④茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)可追溯技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。建立(li)茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)農(nong)(nong)事和(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)檔案(an),從生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)到(dao)(dao)銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)(de)每(mei)一(yi)個環(huan)(huan)節(jie)進(jin)行(xing)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)監控(kong),包(bao)括茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、采(cai)(cai)摘(zhai)時間(jian)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時間(jian)、茶(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)樹(shu)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、農(nong)(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)(pin)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)、原始檢驗(yan)記錄、出(chu)廠(chang)檢驗(yan)、銷(xiao)售(shou)網(wang)絡等(deng)(deng)內容。嚴格(ge)(ge)按照(zhao)無公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、綠(lv)色(se)食品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)建立(li)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)可追溯制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。?
(4)產品收獲及產后(hou)處理規(gui)定。加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)作余(yu)姚瀑(pu)布仙(xian)茗必須(xu)(xu)嚴格按照DB3302/T 075.3《余(yu)姚瀑(pu)布仙(xian)茗 加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)條件(jian)與技術》的標準進行加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)。以規(gui)范攤(tan)青、殺青、揉捻、烘(hong)培(pei)、攤(tan)涼、理條、整(zheng)形、曲毫(hao)、提香等各道工(gong)序(xu),做到有章可循(xun),從而保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)和穩(wen)定余(yu)姚瀑(pu)布仙(xian)茗的質(zhi)量。生產全(quan)過程,必須(xu)(xu)建立(li)原(yuan)料采購、加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)、貯存、運(yun)輸、入庫(ku)、出庫(ku)和銷售的完(wan)整(zheng)檔案記錄(lu),要求準確、清(qing)楚、完(wan)整(zheng),并妥善保(bao)(bao)管,以備查閱。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關規定
(1)標(biao)識:標(biao)志(zhi)使用人應在其產(chan)品(pin)或其包裝(zhuang)上統(tong)一使用農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(余兆瀑(pu)布(bu)仙茗(ming)名稱和公共(gong)標(biao)識圖案(an)組合標(biao)注(zhu)型式)。?
(2)包(bao)裝(zhuang)規定:包(bao)裝(zhuang)必須符(fu)合SB/T 10037的規定。包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應(ying)符(fu)合食品衛生要求,無異味、密封能(neng)保護茶葉(xie)品質(zhi)。直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)茶葉(xie)的包(bao)裝(zhuang)材料應(ying)符(fu)合GB 11680規定。?
(3)貯(zhu)藏規定:茶葉貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)保鮮的含水量宜小于(yu)6.5%。小批(pi)(pi)量宜用石(shi)灰缸貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun),大批(pi)(pi)量宜用專(zhuan)用冷(leng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)。茶葉先經簡易(yi)包裝,采(cai)用清(qing)潔(jie)、干燥(zao)(zao)、無異味(wei)的包裝箱(xiang),內襯(chen)牛皮(pi)紙或鋁箔,并套(tao)一(yi)層塑料袋(dai)。貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)房應(ying):清(qing)潔(jie),無異味(wei),遠(yuan)離有毒、有異味(wei)、易(yi)污染的物品;干燥(zao)(zao),配有除濕裝置;配用冷(leng)藏設施,保持庫(ku)(ku)(ku)內溫度在2℃~8℃之(zhi)間;避光,庫(ku)(ku)(ku)房內無直(zhi)射光。?
(4)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)規定:運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)必(bi)須符合SB/T 10035的規定。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工(gong)具必(bi)須清(qing)潔衛(wei)生,干(gan)燥無異味,嚴禁(jin)與有(you)毒(du)、有(you)害、有(you)異味、易(yi)污(wu)染(ran)的物品混裝混運(yun)(yun)。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)中必(bi)須穩固,應防(fang)雨、防(fang)潮、防(fang)曝曬,裝卸時應輕(qing)裝輕(qing)卸,防(fang)止擠壓、碰撞(zhuang)。