一.產品介紹
壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)文蛤以其花紋(wen)清(qing)(qing)晰、絢麗、肉色白玉、肉質(zhi)肥滿細膩,富有彈性(xing)、口(kou)感清(qing)(qing)脆、口(kou)感清(qing)(qing)脆、湯汁濃郁、海(hai)鮮味濃郁別致、殼厚保水性(xing)強、耐存活等諸(zhu)多優(you)點,歷來深(shen)受國內外消費者的青睞(lai).壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)文蛤 山東 壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)市海(hai)惠(hui)海(hai)水養殖專業合作社 壽(shou)光(guang)(guang)市營里鎮北(bei)部沿海(hai)地(di)區。地(di)理坐標為東經119°00′00″~119°04′00″,北(bei)緯37°16′00″~37°18′00″。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷(li)史(shi)因素(su)
1、獨特的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條件 壽光地處中緯度(du)帶(dai),北瀕渤海(hai)萊州灣,屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風區大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候。受暖冷氣(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)交替影響(xiang),形成(cheng)了(le)“春季(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han)少(shao)雨,夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)炎熱多(duo)雨,秋季(ji)(ji)爽涼干(gan)(gan)旱(han)(han),冬季(ji)(ji)干(gan)(gan)冷少(shao)雪(xue)”的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候特點。歷年平均降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)591.9毫米(mi),最大(da)年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)1286.7毫米(mi),最小(xiao)年降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)299.5毫米(mi)。年日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)總(zong)時(shi)數平均為2761.7小(xiao)時(shi),日照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)率為49%,光照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)充足,全年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫12.6℃,受大(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)候和海(hai)洋季(ji)(ji)風的(de)(de)(de)雙重影響(xiang),氣(qi)(qi)溫變化(hua)(hua)較劇(ju)烈,年溫差29.8℃,四季(ji)(ji)分明,干(gan)(gan)濕(shi)度(du)變化(hua)(hua)非常明顯。
2、獨特(te)的(de)底(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian) 該海區地勢低平,坡降較緩,屬(shu)粉砂(sha)淤泥(ni)(ni)型海岸(an),平均水深較小,由(you)于(yu)北臨黃河(he),從而形(xing)成(cheng)了由(you)細粉砂(sha)和極(ji)細粉砂(sha)組成(cheng)的(de)沖積海底(di),又在小清河(he)水道與(yu)萊州灣潮(chao)流(liu)交叉影響下(xia)形(xing)成(cheng)了潮(chao)流(liu)沙(sha)脊,再在潮(chao)流(liu)的(de)作用(yong)下(xia)形(xing)成(cheng)了上(shang)層以分選的(de)軟泥(ni)(ni)為(wei)主(zhu),下(xia)層以流(liu)沙(sha)為(wei)主(zhu)的(de)沉積型海底(di),故而形(xing)成(cheng)了上(shang)軟下(xia)硬的(de)特(te)殊底(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian),這(zhe)種底(di)質(zhi)表(biao)層是(shi)由(you)細粉砂(sha)和極(ji)細粉砂(sha)構成(cheng)的(de)軟泥(ni)(ni),所以又具有良好的(de)通(tong)透(tou)性,這(zhe)種獨特(te)的(de)底(di)質(zhi)構成(cheng)特(te)別適(shi)合(he)文蛤對底(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)要求(qiu),為(wei)文蛤的(de)棲息繁衍(yan)創造了得天獨厚的(de)自然底(di)質(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)。
3、 獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)件 該海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)彌河(he)(he)(he)、丹河(he)(he)(he)、旺(wang)河(he)(he)(he)等(deng)(deng)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)注入(ru)(ru),附近(jin)還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)濰河(he)(he)(he)、白浪河(he)(he)(he)等(deng)(deng)入(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),北(bei)臨黃河(he)(he)(he)沖(chong)積(ji)平原帶(dai)(dai)(dai),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)條(tiao)(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)入(ru)(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),帶(dai)(dai)(dai)來了(le)(le)(le)(le)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養鹽(yan)(yan)和(he)(he)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)肥(fei)沃,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮(fu)游(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)衍(yan)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)提供(gong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件,餌料生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo),而(er)(er)(er)且以(yi)(yi)(yi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)喜(xi)食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)篩藻、舟(zhou)形(xing)藻、硅(gui)藻居多(duo)(duo),數量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)其(qi)它海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)豐富。據1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)《羊口(kou)鎮志(zhi)》第(di)69頁(ye)記(ji)(ji)載:“羊角(jiao)(jiao)溝(gou)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)面(mian)(mian),PH值7.2-8.3,鹽(yan)(yan)度18.28-30.33‰,溶解(jie)氧4.67-10.81毫克/升,浮(fu)游(you)(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)193萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)/立方(fang)米(mi),浮(fu)游(you)(you)(you)(you)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)9.9萬(wan)個(ge)(ge)(ge)/立方(fang)米(mi),淺(qian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)漁業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)豐富,魚蝦蟹(xie)貝(bei)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)”。 附:文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)生(sheng)態(tai)習性(xing)(xing)(xing):文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)是(shi)埋棲(qi)型(xing)貝(bei)類(lei),多(duo)(duo)分(fen)(fen)布在(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)平坦的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)口(kou)附近(jin)沿(yan)岸內灣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮(chao)間帶(dai)(dai)(dai),以(yi)(yi)(yi)及淺(qian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)沙,泥(ni)沙灘(tan)中(zhong)(zhong),靠(kao)斧(fu)足的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉆掘(jue)作(zuo)(zuo)用有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)潛(qian)沙習性(xing)(xing)(xing)。棲(qi)息深(shen)度隨水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體大(da)(da)(da)小而(er)(er)(er)異(yi),冬季時(shi)(shi)2—3cm文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)潛(qian)居深(shen)度為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)6—8cm,而(er)(er)(er)4—6cm文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)潛(qian)居深(shen)度則為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12cm左(zuo)右。夏季高水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)期,棲(qi)息在(zai)不到(dao)lcm深(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灘(tan)涂表層,冬季水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)(di)(di),其(qi)棲(qi)息深(shen)度可(ke)(ke)達(da)10—20cm。氣候穩定(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)時(shi)(shi)伸縮其(qi)足作(zuo)(zuo)活(huo)潑運行;寒冷時(shi)(shi)則潛(qian)入(ru)(ru)沙泥(ni)中(zhong)(zhong),潛(qian)泥(ni)深(shen)度一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)5—25厘(li)米(mi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)(guang)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)半咸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)貝(bei)類(lei),對低(di)(di)(di)鹽(yan)(yan)度海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應性(xing)(xing)(xing),其(qi)幼苗對低(di)(di)(di)密度海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)應性(xing)(xing)(xing)更強(qiang)些。適(shi)宜生(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(wen)10—30℃,適(shi)應海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)比(bi)重(zhong)在(zai)1.0140—1.0240之間;文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)耐干(gan)(gan)燥能力較(jiao)(jiao)強(qiang),耐干(gan)(gan)強(qiang)弱程度與(yu)溫(wen)(wen)度及個(ge)(ge)(ge)體大(da)(da)(da)小有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan),大(da)(da)(da)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體比(bi)小個(ge)(ge)(ge)體文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)耐陰(yin)干(gan)(gan)能力強(qiang)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)是(shi)濾(lv)食(shi)(shi)(shi)軟體動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu),依靠(kao)自(zi)身的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)呼吸(xi)與(yu)攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)。漲(zhang)潮(chao)時(shi)(shi),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)將(jiang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)伸出(chu)(chu)(chu)沙面(mian)(mian),利用海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)過(guo)鰓小孔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)會達(da)到(dao)呼吸(xi)與(yu)攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);退潮(chao)后,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)才把水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)縮回殼(ke)內。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)微小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)浮(fu)游(you)(you)(you)(you)(或(huo)底棲(qi))硅(gui)藻為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要餌料,間或(huo)攝食(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)些浮(fu)游(you)(you)(you)(you)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu),原生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu),無(wu)脊椎(zhui)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)幼蟲以(yi)(yi)(yi)及有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)碎屑等(deng)(deng)。通(tong)過(guo)對比(bi)該沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊地(di)(di)理環境和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)習性(xing)(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)看(kan)出(chu)(chu)(chu),壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)底質(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)件、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)指標以(yi)(yi)(yi)及餌料生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)等(deng)(deng)條(tiao)(tiao)件特別(bie)適(shi)合(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)繁(fan)育,進(jin)而(er)(er)(er)造就(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豐富性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)滿(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)口(kou)感的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鮮(xian)美性(xing)(xing)(xing),誕生(sheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)以(yi)(yi)(yi)濾(lv)食(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)”這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)優良(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)我(wo)市乃至(zhi)我(wo)省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要經濟貝(bei)類(lei)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關(guan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)錄在(zai)我(wo)國也(ye)是(shi)非(fei)常(chang)早的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)志(zhi)》有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)記(ji)(ji)載:壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)在(zai)唐(tang)代時(shi)(shi)曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宮廷海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)珍貢品(pin)。自(zi)古以(yi)(yi)(yi)來,不少帝王將(jiang)相和(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)人墨客(ke)吃過(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)之后,留下了(le)(le)(le)(le)贊(zan)美文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)味美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)句。清朝乾隆皇帝食(shi)(shi)(shi)用文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)之后,將(jiang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)御封為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“天下第(di)一(yi)(yi)鮮(xian)”。從(cong)此,這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)雅號就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)直流(liu)傳至(zhi)今,聞名于(yu)(yu)世。另據1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)《山東(dong)史(shi)志(zhi).水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)志(zhi)》第(di)53頁(ye)記(ji)(ji)載:“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha) 殼(ke)略(lve)呈(cheng)三角(jiao)(jiao)形(xing),殼(ke)表鼓起且光(guang)(guang)(guang)滑似漆,布有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)紋,亦稱花(hua)(hua)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)。全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)高。全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)自(zi)然分(fen)(fen)布面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約130萬(wan)畝,資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)約為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3.7萬(wan)噸。其(qi)肉(rou)鮮(xian)美,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)品(pin)”。另據1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)縣羊角(jiao)(jiao)溝(gou)鎮志(zhi)》第(di)50頁(ye)記(ji)(ji)載:“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha),屬渤海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)域廣(guang)(guang)溫(wen)(wen)性(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)類(lei)。經濟價值很(hen)高,是(shi)貝(bei)類(lei)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要產(chan)品(pin)之一(yi)(yi)。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)多(duo)(duo)棲(qi)息于(yu)(yu)淡咸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)混合(he)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淺(qian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)附近(jin),蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)身半埋于(yu)(yu)泥(ni)沙中(zhong)(zhong),每年(nian)(nian)(nian)7至(zhi)8月(yue)間產(chan)卵。肉(rou)貝(bei)棲(qi)息于(yu)(yu)高潮(chao)區(qu)下部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)沙中(zhong)(zhong),隨著體積(ji)增大(da)(da)(da),逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)移向低(di)(di)(di)潮(chao)去。生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)。以(yi)(yi)(yi)浮(fu)游(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)食(shi)(shi)(shi),也(ye)濾(lv)食(shi)(shi)(shi)泥(ni)沙中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。最(zui)高年(nian)(nian)(nian)捕(bu)撈量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)3276噸。再(zai)據1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)《壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)縣農業(ye)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)調查和(he)(he)農業(ye)區(qu)劃報告.水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)》第(di)7頁(ye)記(ji)(ji)載壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布及資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)。從(cong)省(sheng)縣兩級史(shi)料記(ji)(ji)載可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)看(kan)出(chu)(chu)(chu),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)在(zai)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)區(qu)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)布,資(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da),可(ke)(ke)捕(bu)撈面(mian)(mian)積(ji)占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)22%,蘊藏(zang)量(liang)(liang)占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)25%。從(cong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)各類(lei)歷史(shi)資(zi)(zi)(zi)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)(ji)載可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)得(de)知,壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)地(di)(di)區(qu)歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang)就(jiu)是(shi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)自(zi)然生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)繁(fan)衍(yan)極其(qi)重(zhong)要場所。綜合(he)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)多(duo)(duo)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)料可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)充分(fen)(fen)說(shuo)明(ming)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)無(wu)論儲藏(zang)量(liang)(liang)、捕(bu)撈量(liang)(liang)、加工(gong)(gong)量(liang)(liang)、出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)貿易還是(shi)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝、科研(yan)等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)都具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi),在(zai)我(wo)省(sheng)乃至(zhi)全(quan)(quan)國都占(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)主(zhu)(zhu)導地(di)(di)位,也(ye)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)經濟做出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)極大(da)(da)(da)貢獻。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壽(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)光(guang)(guang)(guang)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)鮮(xian)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)味和(he)(he)豐富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養,在(zai)當地(di)(di)創造出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)花(hua)(hua)樣繁(fan)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烹飪方(fang)法,如: 醬(jiang)爆文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、蔥姜韭菜炒文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)菠菜湯(tang)、冬瓜(gua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)湯(tang)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)餃、小蔥拌文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、辣(la)炒文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)拌菠菜、蒜蓉蒸文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)、苦瓜(gua)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)(ha)(ha)湯(tang)等(deng)(deng)廣(guang)(guang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)流(liu)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)方(fang)美食(shi)(shi)(shi)名吃,深(shen)受廣(guang)(guang)大(da)(da)(da)民眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)喜(xi)愛(ai)。
三.地域范圍
壽光(guang)文蛤主要分(fen)布在山東(dong)省壽光(guang)市營里鎮(zhen)北部沿海海區,地域范圍:北緯(wei)37°16′——37°18′、東(dong)經(jing)119°00′——119°04′,總(zong)面(mian)積24000畝(mu),年產量5000噸左(zuo)右。
四(si).產品品質特性(xing)特征(zheng)
1、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質特色:外在(zai)(zai)感官特征:貝殼略(lve)呈三角形,腹緣呈圓(yuan)形,殼質堅厚,殼面光(guang)滑(hua),有(you)如(ru)釉涂的(de)五彩(cai)(cai)花紋(wen),絢麗多彩(cai)(cai),內殼潔白光(guang)亮,晶瑩如(ru)玉,兩殼大小(xiao)相等(deng)。內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)(pin)質指標:文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)營養豐富,肉嫩味鮮(xian)(xian),是貝類(lei)海鮮(xian)(xian)中的(de)上品(pin)(pin)。含有(you)蛋白質10%,脂(zhi)肪1.2%,碳水化合2.5%,還含有(you)人(ren)體(ti)易吸收(shou)的(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸和維生(sheng)素及(ji)鈣、鉀、鎂(mei)、磷(lin)、鐵(tie)等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)體(ti)必需(xu)的(de)礦物質。食(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)清鮮(xian)(xian)味美,是壽光(guang)久負盛(sheng)名(ming)的(de)風(feng)味特產(chan)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)。文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)同時(shi)具有(you)較高的(de)食(shi)療藥用(yong)(yong)價(jia)值。《本草綱目》記載,它能(neng)治“瘡、癤腫毒(du),消(xiao)積塊,解(jie)酒毒(du)”等(deng)病。現(xian)代研究又表明,文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)有(you)清熱利濕、化痰(tan)、散結的(de)功效,對哮喘、慢性氣管炎、甲狀腺(xian)腫大、淋巴結核等(deng)病也有(you)明顯(xian)療效。食(shi)用(yong)(yong)文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha),有(you)潤五臟(zang)、止消(xiao)渴,健(jian)脾(pi)胃(wei),治赤(chi)目,增乳液的(de)功能(neng)。現(xian)代研究發現(xian),文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)組織提取液對葡萄(tao)球菌有(you)較強的(de)抑制(zhi)作用(yong)(yong)。
2、質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)規(gui)定嚴格按照以上“3特定生產(chan)(chan)方(fang)式”中所(suo)提(ti)到的(de)(de)(de):產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境、苗(miao)種放養、生產(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)(li)中的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)要求(qiu)(qiu)之外(wai)還要符(fu)合NY5363-2010《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)海水養殖產(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件(jian)》、GB18406.4-2001《農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)質量(liang)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)水產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu)》、NY5701《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)食品(pin)(pin)漁用藥物(wu)使用標準》中所(suo)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)項指標組織發展生產(chan)(chan),完善質量(liang)管(guan)理(li)(li)細則(ze),確保壽光文蛤的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)安(an)全(quan)。文蛤全(quan)身是(shi)寶,肉質除食用外(wai),貝殼(ke)可入藥,有(you)“消血塊,化痰積(ji)”之功效,還是(shi)畜禽(qin)飼料的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要補鈣添加劑和高(gao)檔工藝品(pin)(pin)原料,所(suo)以不存在“三廢”問(wen)題。
五.特定生(sheng)產方(fang)式
1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing):保護區自然(ran)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)優良,沒有(you)(you)直接受工業(ye)“三(san)廢”及(ji)農(nong)業(ye)、城(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活、醫療(liao)廢棄物污染的(de)(de)影響。水質肥度(du)適宜(yi),文蛤(ha)(ha)適口餌料豐富(fu),透明度(du)0.3-1.1米左右,海況(kuang)水質符合(he)NY 5052的(de)(de)規定(ding)要求(qiu),底(di)質具有(you)(you)獨特的(de)(de)微粉沙型軟泥(ni),為文蛤(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)繁衍(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長創造了得天獨厚的(de)(de)自然(ran)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)條件。產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)符合(he)無(wu)(wu)公害水產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)要求(qiu),該(gai)合(he)作社(she)成員(yuan)之一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)海惠(hui)集團有(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)的(de)(de)文蛤(ha)(ha)增(zeng)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場2006年(nian)被(bei)(bei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省海洋與(yu)漁業(ye)廳認(ren)定(ding)為無(wu)(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di),這一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)文蛤(ha)(ha)2009年(nian)獲農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)質量安(an)全中心無(wu)(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)認(ren)證。2009年(nian)被(bei)(bei)農(nong)業(ye)部(bu)確認(ren)為部(bu)級水產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)健康養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)示范(fan)基地(di)。為進一(yi)(yi)步保護好這一(yi)(yi)地(di)方優質資源,壽光(guang)市(shi)政府成立了壽光(guang)市(shi)海惠(hui)海水養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)專業(ye)合(he)作社(she),以山(shan)東(dong)(dong)海惠(hui)集團有(you)(you)限(xian)公司(si)為依托,以該(gai)集團貝類養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)場為基地(di),實行“企業(ye)+合(he)作社(she)+基地(di)”的(de)(de)經(jing)營(ying)管(guan)(guan)理模式,重點對文蛤(ha)(ha)實行統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)苗種供應、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)質量標準、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)和產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)認(ren)證、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)技術管(guan)(guan)理、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)包裝銷售(shou)的(de)(de)“六(liu)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)”模式,有(you)(you)效地(di)克服了分散(san)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)中質量監管(guan)(guan)、安(an)全保障難的(de)(de)問題。目前該(gai)合(he)作社(she)發展會員(yuan)466人。
2、文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)放(fang)養(yang):A場地選擇:選擇在海(hai)(hai)區(qu)潮流(liu)小(潮流(liu)大(da)(da)(da)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量流(liu)失)、沙灘(tan)連片面(mian)積(ji)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)、沙粒較(jiao)(jiao)細、海(hai)(hai)區(qu)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)鹽度(du)在5%-30%之間(jian)的(de)(de)沙灘(tan)。B苗(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)放(fang)養(yang):目前保(bao)護區(qu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)以自繁自育(yu)為(wei)主,劃(hua)定(ding)親貝繁育(yu)場,以攔網與耙灘(tan)相結合(he)的(de)(de)文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)半(ban)人工采(cai)(cai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)法,將0.5-1.0毫米(mi)大(da)(da)(da)小的(de)(de)文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)分(fen)階段培(pei)育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)50-70顆/500g適(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)。第(di)一階段將0.5-1.0毫米(mi)的(de)(de)幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)培(pei)育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)0.8-1.5厘(li)米(mi)的(de)(de)小苗(miao)(miao)(miao),篩取后,再均(jun)勻分(fen)散,培(pei)育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)3厘(li)米(mi)左右(you)的(de)(de)適(shi)用中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),培(pei)育(yu)池灘(tan)面(mian)上水(shui)(shui)深15-30厘(li)米(mi),以利底棲(qi)硅藻(zao)能較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)地繁生,水(shui)(shui)位隨水(shui)(shui)溫升高而適(shi)當加(jia)高,比重保(bao)持(chi)(chi)在1.010-1.017。選擇殼長3cm左右(you),無破損(sun)、健壯、活力強(qiang)的(de)(de)中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),進行底播(bo)養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng),投苗(miao)(miao)(miao)時要(yao)(yao)求均(jun)勻撒播(bo),切忌成(cheng)(cheng)堆(dui)。C養(yang)成(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理:①定(ding)期(qi)取樣測(ce)量:每(mei)隔十(shi)天測(ce)量及(ji)觀(guan)察其(qi)生長情況(kuang),尤其(qi)臺(tai)風(feng)(feng)帶來的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)潮流(liu)會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)局部密度(du)過(guo)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)現(xian)象,應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時疏(shu)散放(fang)養(yang)。另外,要(yao)(yao)密切關注(zhu)海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)環境(jing)的(de)(de)變(bian)化,尤其(qi)是遇上赤(chi)潮等人力無法抵御(yu)的(de)(de)災害影響時,如發現(xian)文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)大(da)(da)(da)量死亡,應(ying)(ying)及(ji)時清(qing)除(chu);如果海(hai)(hai)區(qu)環境(jing)繼續惡化,必要(yao)(yao)時為(wei)減少損(sun)失,要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時起捕文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)。 ②敵害清(qing)除(chu):必須(xu)每(mei)天檢查圍網,發現(xian)傾倒或破損(sun)要(yao)(yao)及(ji)時修理,要(yao)(yao)仔細檢查網內(nei)有(you)沒(mei)有(you)蟹等敵害侵入,一旦發現(xian),及(ji)時清(qing)除(chu)。文(wen)蛤(ha)(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)運輸方法:運輸前應(ying)(ying)用海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)沖洗清(qing)除(chu)污(wu)泥(ni),揀去雜質(zhi)和(he)傷殘苗(miao)(miao)(miao)。所用海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)應(ying)(ying)符合(he)NY5052的(de)(de)規定(ding)。運輸時一般采(cai)(cai)用干法運輸,采(cai)(cai)用保(bao)溫車、保(bao)溫船(chuan)等運輸,溫度(du)在15℃以下,運輸18h以內(nei),用海(hai)(hai)苔草或海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui)潤濕的(de)(de)毛巾將苗(miao)(miao)(miao)分(fen)層放(fang)置(zhi),防止苗(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)擠壓(ya)或浸泡在水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)。應(ying)(ying)經常噴灑海(hai)(hai)水(shui)(shui),保(bao)持(chi)(chi)濕潤。注(zhu)意通風(feng)(feng),防止苗(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)窒息死亡。途中(zhong)避免風(feng)(feng)吹、日(ri)曬(shai)、雨(yu)淋。
3、生產管理:整個(ge)保(bao)護區海域(yu)實(shi)施(shi)分片承包管理,以(yi)人工增殖、護養(yang)為主,實(shi)行“輪捕輪放,捕大留小”的生產和(he)管理模式,制(zhi)定嚴格的質(zhi)量(liang)安全制(zhi)度(du),完善質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)證體(ti)系(xi),將水質(zhi)監(jian)測、教(jiao)育培訓、技術措施(shi)、檢查和(he)管理制(zhi)度(du)、產地環境(jing)保(bao)護以(yi)及獎(jiang)罰制(zhi)度(du)等(deng)匯編成冊,分發到各個(ge)會員手(shou)中,保(bao)證各項制(zhi)度(du)具有(you)適合性(xing)、科學性(xing)和(he)可操作(zuo)性(xing)。
六.包(bao)裝標識相關(guan)規定
在(zai)保護區地(di)域范圍內的所有文(wen)蛤(ha)生產經營者,在(zai)產品或包裝上(shang)使用已獲登(deng)記保護的壽光(guang)文(wen)蛤(ha)地(di)理標志,須向(xiang)壽光(guang)市(shi)海(hai)惠海(hai)水養殖專(zhuan)業合作社提出申請,并按照相(xiang)關要(yao)求規范生產和使用標志,標志使用人(ren)應(ying)在(zai)其產品或其外(wai)包裝上(shang)統一(yi)使用水產品地(di)理標志(壽光(guang)文(wen)蛤(ha)名稱和農產品地(di)理標志公共標識圖案組(zu)合標注(zhu)型式)。
1、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):所(suo)用(yong)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料兼(jian)顧堅固(gu)、潔(jie)凈、無毒、無異味。所(suo)有類型(xing)包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)符合(he)GB7718的規定。內包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)采用(yong)清(qing)潔(jie)無毒的塑(su)料袋(盒、瓶)、麻織品(pin)等(deng)。 2、包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標識:產品(pin)外包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)上標明產品(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、產品(pin)等(deng)級、商(shang)標、條形(xing)碼、食用(yong)方(fang)法(fa)、貯存指南、單位名(ming)稱(cheng)、單位地(di)址、產品(pin)標準標號、生產日期(批(pi)號)、數量、毛重(zhong)(kg)、聯系(xi)電(dian)話等(deng)。
3、貯(zhu)存:貯(zhu)存環(huan)境潔凈衛(wei)生、陰涼(liang)、無毒、無異味、有防(fang)(fang)鼠防(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)設備(bei)的倉(cang)庫內(nei),遠離有毒有害并防(fang)(fang)治其他損害。
4、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工具清潔、無毒(du)、無異(yi)味,禁止與(yu)有毒(du)、有害或有腐蝕性的物品混(hun)運(yun),運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)途(tu)中(zhong)防(fang)止日曬雨(yu)淋、蟲害、有害物質的污染,活(huo)體(ti)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)時(shi)采用(yong)透(tou)氣性良好(hao)的麻(ma)袋進行干(gan)法運(yun)輸(shu)(shu),需(xu)(xu)要保(bao)(bao)持(chi)濕潤,常溫條件(jian)下(xia)超過5小(xiao)時(shi)需(xu)(xu)要冷藏車(che)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)在5℃-10℃低溫運(yun)輸(shu)(shu),裝卸時(shi)要輕拿輕放,防(fang)止機(ji)械損害。