一.產品介紹
外在感官(guan)特征:壽(shou)光螞蜆,其貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)呈(cheng)三角卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),具有前(qian)傾的(de)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding),殼(ke)(ke)(ke)頂(ding)至貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)前(qian)端的(de)距離約等于(yu)貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)全長的(de)1/3。小月面(mian)橢(tuo)(tuo)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)略呈(cheng)梭形(xing)(xing)(xing),盾(dun)面(mian)梭形(xing)(xing)(xing)。貝(bei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)前(qian)端邊緣橢(tuo)(tuo)圓,后端邊緣略呈(cheng)截形(xing)(xing)(xing)。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)表面(mian)灰黃色或(huo)(huo)深(shen)褐(he)色,有的(de)帶褐(he)色斑(ban)點。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)面(mian)除了同心生長輪外,還有細密的(de)放射肋(lei)。水(shui)(shui)管(guan)基部愈合,入(ru)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)口喙觸手(shou)不分叉。前(qian)閉殼(ke)(ke)(ke)肌(ji)痕半(ban)圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),后閉殼(ke)(ke)(ke)肌(ji)痕近卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)。放射肋(lei)與生長線交錯形(xing)(xing)(xing)成布紋狀(zhuang)。
二(er).自然(ran)生態環境和人(ren)文(wen)歷史因素
壽光地(di)(di)(di)處中緯度(du)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),北(bei)(bei)臨(lin)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),屬(shu)暖溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)區(qu)大陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候。受冷暖氣(qi)(qi)(qi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交替影(ying)(ying)響,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)“春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)干旱(han)(han)少(shao)雨,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)炎(yan)熱多(duo)雨,秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)爽涼有(you)旱(han)(han),冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)干冷少(shao)雪”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候特點(dian)。歷年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)591.9毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)(zui)大年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1286.7毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)(zui)小(xiao)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)299.5毫(hao)米(mi)。年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)總(zong)時(shi)數平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2607.4小(xiao)時(shi),日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)率為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)49%,10℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1568.6小(xiao)時(shi),占總(zong)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)60%。全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12.6℃,受大陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候和(he)(he)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙重影(ying)(ying)響,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)變化較劇烈,春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)回升(sheng)較快,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)天(tian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)炎(yan)熱,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)23℃,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)(wen)度(du)在30℃以(yi)(yi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)68天(tian)。秋(qiu)季(ji)(ji)(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)逐日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)降低(di),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)19℃,有(you)寒流(liu)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)從12月份開(kai)始(shi),平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在-1.0℃以(yi)(yi)下,日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)于-10℃以(yi)(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)22天(tian)。四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分明(ming),干濕度(du)非常明(ming)顯。北(bei)(bei)臨(lin)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)萊州灣,該海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低(di)平(ping)(ping),坡降較緩(huan),坡度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2.0×104,屬(shu)粉砂(sha)(sha)(sha)淤(yu)泥(ni)質(zhi)(zhi)型海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸,含砂(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)70%~80%。平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)(shen)較小(xiao),有(you)彌河(he)(he)(he)(he)、丹河(he)(he)(he)(he)、旺河(he)(he)(he)(he)、小(xiao)老河(he)(he)(he)(he)、織女河(he)(he)(he)(he)等(deng)多(duo)條(tiao)(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)注(zhu)入(ru),附近(jin)還有(you)黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)、濰河(he)(he)(he)(he)、白(bai)浪河(he)(he)(he)(he)等(deng)入(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),因為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)多(duo)條(tiao)(tiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)入(ru)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)來了(le)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang)鹽和(he)(he)有(you)機(ji)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)肥沃(wo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)浮游生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)衍生(sheng)長提供了(le)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)(tiao)件,餌料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種類繁(fan)多(duo),數量(liang)豐(feng)富。據《壽光年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)鑒》記載:“老河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)浮游動物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)量(liang)夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)比春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)高,春(chun)(chun)季(ji)(ji)(ji)50-100毫(hao)克/米(mi)3,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)100-250毫(hao)克/米(mi)3 ,PH值(zhi)7.2-8.3,鹽度(du)15.38-28.53‰,溶解(jie)氧5.67-10.51毫(hao)克/升(sheng),淺(qian)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)漁業(ye)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富,灘(tan)涂貝種類繁(fan)多(duo)但(dan)以(yi)(yi)螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)居多(duo)”。 螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)棲(qi)息(xi)環境(jing)(jing)要求(qiu):螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)大多(duo)棲(qi)息(xi)在風(feng)浪較小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內灣、且有(you)適量(liang)淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)注(zhu)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中、低(di)潮區(qu),但(dan)鹽度(du)較高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沿(yan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)島嶼和(he)(he)數米(mi)深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潮下帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),也(ye)(ye)偶有(you)發現;棲(qi)息(xi)底質(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)含砂(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)70%~80%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)泥(ni)灘(tan)數量(liang)最(zui)(zui)多(duo)。在含砂(sha)(sha)(sha)量(liang)很少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)泥(ni)灘(tan)和(he)(he)含泥(ni)量(liang)極少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)地(di)(di)(di)或礫石地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai),雖也(ye)(ye)有(you)發現,但(dan)數量(liang)甚少(shao)。通過以(yi)(yi)上(shang)對老河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)地(di)(di)(di)理環境(jing)(jing)和(he)(he)螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)所(suo)要求(qiu)環境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對比可(ke)以(yi)(yi)看出(chu)(chu)(chu),老河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)無(wu)論(lun)地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)、底質(zhi)(zhi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)、餌料(liao)(liao)、鹽度(du)等(deng)各(ge)項指標都特別適合于螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)態習性,從而誕生(sheng)了(le)著名(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽光螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。自七(qi)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)末在壽光老河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)形成(cheng)(cheng)自然種群,并形成(cheng)(cheng)捕撈產(chan)量(liang),八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)初開(kai)始(shi)進行(xing)人工增養(yang)殖,目前(qian)增養(yang)殖面積(ji)30000多(duo)畝(mu),年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)6000余(yu)噸。據1991年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)《山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省志 水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)志》記載:“螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)主要分布在山(shan)東(dong)(dong)壽光老可(ke)口(kou)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu)及(ji)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)半島南部海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)區(qu),分布面積(ji)13.8萬(wan)畝(mu),資源(yuan)蘊藏量(liang)約1.4萬(wan)噸”。其個體雖小(xiao),但(dan)味(wei)道鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)美,肉可(ke)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)食(shi),亦(yi)可(ke)加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)蛤干、五香蛤仔(zi),是價廉味(wei)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大眾(zhong)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。活蛤也(ye)(ye)是出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)創匯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)大量(liang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)本等(deng)東(dong)(dong)南亞國(guo)家。與(yu)縊蟶、牡蠣和(he)(he)毛蚶一(yi)起被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中國(guo)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“四大養(yang)殖貝類”。由于良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)餌料(liao)(liao)資源(yuan),老河(he)(he)(he)(he)口(kou)一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)口(kou)味(wei)鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)美,質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)上(shang)等(deng),這一(yi)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)被(bei)評為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)無(wu)公害產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin),保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)2008年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)省漁業(ye)標準化示范基(ji)地(di)(di)(di);2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)農業(ye)部認定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)健康養(yang)殖示范場。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)深(shen)(shen)受消費者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)青睞。由于鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)美的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)味(wei)和(he)(he)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營養(yang),在當(dang)地(di)(di)(di)也(ye)(ye)創造(zao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)花樣繁(fan)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)烹(peng)飪方法,如: 菠(bo)菜(cai)炒螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、砂(sha)(sha)(sha)鍋釀螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、絲瓜炒螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、辣炒螞(ma)(ma)蜆(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)已成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)廣(guang)泛(fan)流(liu)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方美食(shi)名(ming)吃(chi)。
三.地域范圍
壽光螞蜆(ma xian)山東(dong)地(di)區統稱(cheng)蛤(ha)蜊(li)(gala)、壽光一帶(dai)俗稱(cheng)花(hua)蛤(ha),主要分布(bu)在山東(dong)省壽光市(shi)行政區內的營里鎮老河口沿海一帶(dai),地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)119°00′00″~119°05′00″,北緯 37°16′00″~37°18′00″,總(zong)面積 30000畝,年產量6000余噸(dun)。
四(si).產品品質(zhi)特(te)性特(te)征
1、產品品質特色:外在(zai)感官(guan)特征(zheng):壽(shou)光螞蜆(xian)[Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams et Reeve)],其貝(bei)殼(ke)呈三角(jiao)卵圓(yuan)形(xing),具(ju)有前(qian)(qian)傾的(de)(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)頂(ding),殼(ke)頂(ding)至貝(bei)殼(ke)前(qian)(qian)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)距離約等于貝(bei)殼(ke)全長的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3。小月面(mian)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)或略(lve)(lve)呈梭(suo)形(xing),盾面(mian)梭(suo)形(xing)。貝(bei)殼(ke)前(qian)(qian)端邊緣橢圓(yuan),后端邊緣略(lve)(lve)呈截(jie)形(xing)。殼(ke)表(biao)面(mian)灰黃色或深(shen)褐(he)色,有的(de)(de)(de)(de)帶褐(he)色斑(ban)(ban)點(dian)。殼(ke)面(mian)除了同心生(sheng)長輪外,還有細密的(de)(de)(de)(de)放射(she)肋。水管基(ji)部(bu)愈(yu)合(he),入水管口喙觸手不分叉。前(qian)(qian)閉殼(ke)肌(ji)痕半圓(yuan)形(xing),后閉殼(ke)肌(ji)痕近卵形(xing),放射(she)肋與生(sheng)長線交(jiao)錯形(xing)成布紋狀。殼(ke)面(mian)厚而斑(ban)(ban)點(dian)大(da),整體顏色比其他地區生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)螞蜆(xian)深(shen),離水后存活時間(jian)在(zai)相同條件下比其他地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)長30%以(yi)上(shang),所以(yi)深(shen)受銷售客戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)歡迎,擴大(da)了銷售范圍,產品80%銷售日(ri)本和韓國。
2、內在品質指標:據有關醫學報道,螞(ma)蜆具有一(yi)下藥理作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong):a延(yan)緩(huan)衰老作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),螞(ma)蜆水(shui)提取物明顯(xian)降(jiang)低(di)小(xiao)鼠肝(gan)組織中(zhong)過氧(yang)化脂(zhi)質含量(liang),提高超氧(yang)化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降(jiang)低(di)皮膚和(he)尾(wei)腱中(zhong)羥脯氨含量(liang),具有顯(xian)著的延(yan)緩(huan)衰老作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。 b抗腫瘤(liu)(liu)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),該提取物對肉瘤(liu)(liu)180、艾(ai)瘤(liu)(liu)腹水(shui)型(xing)和(he)肝(gan)癌(ai)實體型(xing)具有較明顯(xian)的抑制作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。c降(jiang)壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong),螞(ma)蜆肉具有明顯(xian)的降(jiang)壓(ya)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。d性味:味甘;咸(xian);性寒(han)e功能主治(zhi):清熱解(jie)毒。主臁瘡;黃水(shui)瘡f用(yong)(yong)(yong)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang):外用(yong)(yong)(yong):適量(liang),煅存性,研(yan)末(mo)撒(sa)。
3、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)規定(ding):嚴(yan)格(ge)按照(zhao)以上“3特定(ding)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方式”中1產(chan)(chan)地環境、2苗(miao)種放養、3生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)管理中的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)要求(qiu)(qiu)符合GB 18406.4-2001--農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)安全(quan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)無(wu)公(gong)害水產(chan)(chan)品(pin)安全(quan)要求(qiu)(qiu)、NY5052--無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 海水養殖用水水質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、NY 5701--無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 漁用藥物(wu)使(shi)用標準、NY5073--2001-無(wu)公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 水產(chan)(chan)品(pin)中有毒(du)有害物(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)限量(liang)(liang)(liang)中所規定(ding)的(de)各項指標組(zu)織發展生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),完善(shan)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)管理細則,確(que)保壽光(guang)螞蜆的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安全(quan)。
五.特定生(sheng)產方(fang)式(shi)
1、產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing) :保護區自(zi)(zi)然環(huan)境(jing)優良,水質(zhi)肥(fei)度適(shi)宜,鹽度適(shi)宜,適(shi)口餌(er)料豐富,而(er)且(qie)以(yi)螞蜆喜食(shi)的(de)圓(yuan)篩藻(zao)、舟形(xing)藻(zao)、菱形(xing)藻(zao)等底棲硅藻(zao)類居(ju)多,透明度0.3-1.0米左右,海(hai)(hai)況水質(zhi)符合GB 11607的(de)規定要(yao)求,為螞蜆的(de)繁(fan)衍生長創造了得天獨(du)厚(hou)的(de)自(zi)(zi)然環(huan)境(jing)條件。為進一(yi)步保護好這一(yi)地(di)(di)方優質(zhi)資(zi)源(yuan),壽(shou)光市(shi)(shi)政府于2008年9月22日成立(li)了壽(shou)光市(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)惠海(hai)(hai)水養殖(zhi)專(zhuan)業合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she),以(yi)壽(shou)光市(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)惠集團為依(yi)托,以(yi)海(hai)(hai)惠集團貝類養殖(zhi)場為發展基(ji)地(di)(di),實(shi)行(xing)“企業+合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)+基(ji)地(di)(di)”的(de)經營管理模(mo)式,重(zhong)點對螞蜆實(shi)行(xing)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)苗種供應、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)質(zhi)量標準、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)產(chan)(chan)品和產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)認(ren)證、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)技術(shu)管理、統(tong)(tong)一(yi)包(bao)裝銷(xiao)售的(de)“六統(tong)(tong)一(yi)”模(mo)式,有(you)效地(di)(di)克服(fu)了分散(san)生產(chan)(chan)經營的(de)質(zhi)量監(jian)管、安全保障難(nan)的(de)問題(ti)。在(zai)生產(chan)(chan)管理中總(zong)結出了“五(wu)防(fang)(fang)”、“五(wu)勤”的(de)管理經驗。“五(wu)防(fang)(fang)”是:防(fang)(fang)洪、防(fang)(fang)暑、防(fang)(fang)凍、防(fang)(fang)人(ren)踐踏(ta)、防(fang)(fang)敵害。“五(wu)勤”是:勤巡邏、勤查苗、勤修(xiu)堤、勤清溝、勤除害。目前該合作(zuo)(zuo)社(she)(she)擁有(you)投資(zi)社(she)(she)員(yuan)111人(ren),發展社(she)(she)員(yuan)398戶。
2、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)放(fang)養:目前(qian)保(bao)護(hu)區苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)以自繁自育為主,劃定親貝繁育場(chang),定期進(jin)行螞蜆苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)采(cai)集,苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)格整(zheng)齊,殼長(chang)0.5-1cm,大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)均(jun)勻(yun),色澤(ze)鮮艷,殼厚適中(zhong),無破損、健壯、活力強,規(gui)格合格率(lv)≥90%,畸形率(lv)和(he)(he)傷殘死亡率(lv)≤3%。采(cai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后進(jin)行底(di)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)養成。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)季(ji)節:由(you)于苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)不(bu)同,播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)也(ye)就有(you)所差(cha)別(bie)。白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai) 4—5月份播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)10—11月份播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方法:播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)方法分為干(gan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)濕(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)兩種(zhong)(zhong)。干(gan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)多用于白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)退(tui)潮(chao)后,將(jiang)蛤(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)均(jun)勻(yun)撒播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)蛤(ha)埋上,防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)成堆集結。濕(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)適用于中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),在(zai)(zai)潮(chao)水(shui)未退(tui)出(chu)埕(cheng)面時(shi)(shi),直接(jie)從船上把苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)撒到(dao)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)埕(cheng)的(de)(de)海區。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)應在(zai)(zai)平潮(chao)或(huo)潮(chao)流緩慢時(shi)(shi)進(jin)行,以防(fang)(fang)蛤(ha)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)流失(shi)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)密度(du):播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密度(du)因(yin)環(huan)境條(tiao)件和(he)(he)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)不(bu)同而有(you)所差(cha)異。潮(chao)區低的(de)(de)埕(cheng)地,露出(chu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短,攝食(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長(chang),生(sheng)長(chang)快,同時(shi)(shi)敵害生(sheng)物也(ye)多,蛤(ha)仔(zi)受(shou)害大(da)(da)(da),可適當多播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo);高潮(chao)區由(you)于攝食(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)短,生(sheng)長(chang)慢,不(bu)宜多播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。一(yi)(yi)般播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)密度(du)白(bai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)為3~5千(qian)(qian)克(ke)/畝,中(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)7~10千(qian)(qian)克(ke)/畝,大(da)(da)(da)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)12—15千(qian)(qian)克(ke)/畝。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)種(zhong)(zhong)運(yun)輸(shu):用竹筐、塑料(liao)箱等器(qi)具運(yun)輸(shu)。運(yun)輸(shu)過程(cheng)中(zhong)避免(mian)日(ri)照、風(feng)吹,保(bao)持濕(shi)潤(run)。在(zai)(zai)20℃時(shi)(shi),運(yun)輸(shu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)30h內;在(zai)(zai)16℃時(shi)(shi),運(yun)輸(shu)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)48h以內。防(fang)(fang)災:防(fang)(fang)臺風(feng)、洪水(shui)、酷熱。除敵害:藥物使用時(shi)(shi)按(an)NY5071規(gui)定執行。養殖期間(jian)的(de)(de)管理工作主要是修堰、預防(fang)(fang)自然災害、清除敵害生(sheng)物(如海星、螺類(lei)、蟹類(lei)、蛇鰻、鳥類(lei))等。
3、生產管(guan)理(li)(li):就是(shi)劃(hua)定適于螞蜆(xian)生長并(bing)能自然(ran)附苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區,實施封灘育貝(bei)。初(chu)期在(zai)種苗(miao)稀少的(de)(de)(de)地方先(xian)行(xing)(xing)移播苗(miao)種,在(zai)自然(ran)貝(bei)苗(miao)分布不勻的(de)(de)(de)灘面可移密補稀,促進生長,達到商品規格(ge)(體(ti)長3厘(li)米以(yi)上)后(hou)進行(xing)(xing)輪(lun)捕、銷售,以(yi)有利于貝(bei)苗(miao)的(de)(de)(de)再附著。 整個(ge)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區海域(yu)實施分片承包管(guan)理(li)(li),以(yi)人工增殖、護(hu)養(yang)為主,實行(xing)(xing)“輪(lun)捕輪(lun)放,捕大留小”的(de)(de)(de)生產和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)模式,制定嚴格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量安全制度,完善質(zhi)量保(bao)(bao)證體(ti)系,將水質(zhi)監測、教育培訓、技術措施、檢查和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)制度、產地環境保(bao)(bao)護(hu)以(yi)及獎罰制度等匯編成冊,分發到各個(ge)會員(yuan)手中,保(bao)(bao)證各項制度具有適合性、科學性和(he)(he)可操作(zuo)性。
六.包(bao)裝(zhuang)標識(shi)相關規定
在(zai)(zai)保護區地(di)(di)(di)域范圍內的所有螞(ma)蜆(xian)生產(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在(zai)(zai)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上(shang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)已獲登記保護的螞(ma)蜆(xian)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志,須向壽光市海(hai)惠海(hai)水養殖專業合作(zuo)社提出(chu)申(shen)請,并按照相(xiang)關要求規范生產(chan)(chan)和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)標志,標志使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人應在(zai)(zai)其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)或其外(wai)包裝(zhuang)上(shang)統(tong)一(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志(壽光螞(ma)蜆(xian)名稱和農產(chan)(chan)品(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標志公共標識圖(tu)案組(zu)合標注型式)。
1、包裝:所用包裝材料(liao)兼顧堅固(gu)、潔凈、無毒、無異味(wei)。所有類型(xing)包裝符合GB7718的(de)規定。內包裝采(cai)用清潔無毒的(de)塑料(liao)袋(dai)(盒、瓶)、麻織品(pin)等(deng)。 2、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識:標(biao)(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用人應在其產品(pin)或其包裝上統一使(shi)用農產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(壽光螞蜆名稱和公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)注型(xing)式)。
3、貯(zhu)存:剛出水(shui)的螞蜆體內含有細沙,需在暫(zan)養(yang)池(chi)中(zhong)進行吐沙處理,暫(zan)養(yang)池(chi)要求環境潔(jie)凈(jing)衛生(sheng)、陰涼(liang)、無毒、無異(yi)味,以(yi)水(shui)泥池(chi)為好,并配(pei)有微管充氧,暫(zan)養(yang)池(chi)水(shui)鹽(yan)度與(yu)產(chan)地鹽(yan)度差別小(xiao)于5‰,暫(zan)養(yang)8-10小(xiao)時即可吐沙干凈(jing)。 4、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu):運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工(gong)具清(qing)潔(jie)、無毒、無異(yi)味,禁止(zhi)與(yu)有毒、有害或有腐蝕(shi)性(xing)的物(wu)品混運(yun),運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)途中(zhong)防止(zhi)日(ri)曬雨淋、蟲害、有害物(wu)質的污染,活體運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)時采用透氣性(xing)良(liang)好的麻袋進行干法運(yun)輸(shu)(shu),需要保持濕(shi)潤(run),常溫條件下(xia)超過5小(xiao)時需要冷藏車保持在5℃-10℃低溫運(yun)輸(shu)(shu),具體根據運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)時間長(chang)短適當調整溫度,裝卸時要輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放,防止(zhi)機械損害。