形態特征
鐵皮(pi)石斛(hu)莖直立,圓柱形(xing),長9-35厘(li)米(mi),粗2-4毫米(mi),不分枝(zhi),具多(duo)節(jie),節(jie)間(jian)(jian)長1-3-1.7厘(li)米(mi),常在中(zhong)部以上互生3-5枚(mei)葉;葉二列,紙質,長圓狀(zhuang)披針形(xing),長3-4(-7)厘(li)米(mi),寬9-11(-15)毫米(mi),先端鈍并(bing)(bing)且多(duo)少鉤轉,基部下延為抱莖的鞘,邊緣和(he)中(zhong)肋常帶(dai)淡(dan)紫(zi)色(se);葉鞘常具紫(zi)斑,老時其上緣與莖松離而張開,并(bing)(bing)且與節(jie)留下1個環狀(zhuang)鐵青的間(jian)(jian)隙。
總狀(zhuang)(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序常從落了葉的老莖上(shang)部(bu)(bu)發出(chu),具(ju)2-3朵花(hua)(hua);花(hua)(hua)序柄長(chang)5-10毫米,基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)2-3枚短(duan)鞘;花(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)回(hui)折(zhe)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)彎(wan)曲(qu),長(chang)2-4厘(li)米;花(hua)(hua)苞片(pian)干膜(mo)質(zhi),淺白色(se),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)5-7毫米,先端(duan)稍鈍(dun);花(hua)(hua)梗和(he)子房長(chang)2-2.5厘(li)米;萼片(pian)和(he)花(hua)(hua)瓣黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se),近(jin)(jin)相似,長(chang)圓狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),長(chang)約1.8厘(li)米,寬4-5毫米,先端(duan)銳尖,具(ju)5條(tiao)脈;側萼片(pian)基部(bu)(bu)較寬闊,寬約1厘(li)米; 萼囊圓錐形(xing)(xing),長(chang)約5毫米,末端(duan)圓形(xing)(xing);唇(chun)瓣白色(se),基部(bu)(bu)具(ju)1個(ge)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)或(huo)黃色(se)的胼(pian)胝(zhi)體,卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),比萼片(pian)稍短(duan),中部(bu)(bu)反折(zhe),先端(duan)急尖,不(bu)(bu)裂(lie)或(huo)不(bu)(bu)明顯3裂(lie),中部(bu)(bu)以下(xia)兩(liang)側具(ju)紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)條(tiao)紋(wen),邊緣(yuan)多少波狀(zhuang)(zhuang);唇(chun)盤(pan)密(mi)布細乳突狀(zhuang)(zhuang)的毛,并且(qie)在中部(bu)(bu)以上(shang)具(ju)1個(ge)紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)斑塊;蕊(rui)柱黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se),長(chang)約3毫米,先端(duan)兩(liang)側各具(ju)1個(ge)紫點;蕊(rui)柱足(zu)黃綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)帶紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)條(tiao)紋(wen),疏生毛;藥帽白色(se),長(chang)卵(luan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)約2.3毫米,頂端(duan)近(jin)(jin)銳尖并且(qie)2裂(lie)。花(hua)(hua)期3-6月。
生長環境
鐵皮(pi)石斛適宜(yi)在涼爽、濕潤(run)、空氣暢通的(de)環境生(sheng)長。生(sheng)于海(hai)拔(ba)達1600米(mi)的(de)山地半(ban)陰濕的(de)巖石上,喜溫暖濕潤(run)氣候(hou)和半(ban)陰半(ban)陽的(de)環境,不(bu)耐寒。
德興(xing)境(jing)(jing)內群山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)連綿,峰巒重疊(die),崗陵(ling)起(qi)伏延展,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屬懷玉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈中段(duan),東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部(bu)的(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屬白際山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈尾段(duan)。懷玉山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)支脈從(cong)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)入境(jing)(jing),縱貫中部(bu)伸向西(xi)南(nan),使(shi)境(jing)(jing)內形成東(dong)(dong)、南(nan)兩邊高峻,西(xi)北(bei)逐漸低(di)平向內傾斜的(de)地(di)(di)形。地(di)(di)勢自東(dong)(dong)南(nan)向西(xi)北(bei)傾斜,東(dong)(dong)南(nan)層(ceng)巒疊(die)嶂(zhang),最高點為東(dong)(dong)部(bu)三清山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de) 玉京峰,海(hai)拔1816.9米;中部(bu)大茅山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)盤恒起(qi)伏,主(zhu)峰海(hai)拔1392.9米;西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)為丘(qiu)陵(ling)及山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地(di)(di),丘(qiu)頂標高約200-300米,最低(di)點在(zai)西(xi)部(bu)藍村附近,海(hai)拔32米。德興(xing)市常態地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)為主(zhu),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)占(zhan)德興(xing)市面(mian)積的(de)44%,丘(qiu)陵(ling)占(zhan)33%,低(di)丘(qiu)崗地(di)(di)占(zhan)23%。