【鹿茸簡介】鹿茸是什么(me) 鹿茸怎(zen)么(me)分級 鹿茸(rong)片如何(he)辨別品質
鹿茸是什么
鹿茸(rong),是指梅花鹿或馬(ma)鹿的(de)雄鹿未骨化而帶茸(rong)毛的(de)幼角。是名貴藥材(cai)。鹿茸(rong)中(zhong)含有磷脂、糖脂、膠脂、激(ji)素、脂肪酸、氨基酸、蛋(dan)白(bai)質及鈣、磷、鎂、鈉等成分,其中(zhong)氨基酸成分占(zhan)總(zong)成分的(de)一(yi)半(ban)以(yi)上。
鹿茸怎么分級
鹿茸片(pian)一(yi)共(gong)分(fen)四個等級:
一(yi)級鹿(lu)茸臘片:鹿(lu)茸全臘片、鹿(lu)茸半臘片,臘質(zhi)多,粉(fen)(fen)質(zhi)少或無(wu)粉(fen)(fen)質(zhi),是(shi)鹿(lu)茸最頂端部分,因質(zhi)地細膩,油潤如(ru)臘,色澤干凈稱之(zhi)為臘片。一(yi)個整條的鹿(lu)茸也只能切出2-3片全臘片。
二級鹿(lu)(lu)茸粉(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian):鹿(lu)(lu)茸白粉(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)、鹿(lu)(lu)茸紅粉(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)、鹿(lu)(lu)茸黃粉(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)(有的(de)不分(fen)(fen)此等級),粉(fen)(fen)(fen)質(zhi)(zhi)多(duo),含臘(la)圈,粉(fen)(fen)(fen)片(pian)屬整(zheng)支(zhi)鹿(lu)(lu)茸中(zhong)上段部分(fen)(fen),質(zhi)(zhi)地清脆(cui),中(zhong)間部分(fen)(fen)為粉(fen)(fen)(fen)質(zhi)(zhi),臘(la)圈包(bao)圍(wei)。
三級鹿茸血片:鹿茸血片,含(han)鹿茸血,片面有血色。
四級(ji)鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)(rong)骨(gu)片:鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)(rong)骨(gu)片,純骨(gu)質化(hua)鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)(rong)片,骨(gu)片為整支鹿(lu)(lu)茸(rong)(rong)最底部,全(quan)骨(gu)質化(hua),營養最差。
怎么分辨鹿茸片品質
鹿茸的品名(ming)很多,質(zhi)量的優劣相差也很大。一(yi)般是(shi)從色澤(ze)、質(zhi)地、氣味等方(fang)面加(jia)以鑒別比較。鹿茸片的形(xing)態,通常呈(cheng)(cheng)賀形(xing)或橢(tuo)圓形(xing),直徑 為(wei)1~4厘米(mi),片極薄。外皮為(wei)紅棕(zong)色。鋸口面為(wei)黃(huang)白至棕(zong)黃(huang)色,外圍有一(yi)明顯環狀骨質(zhi)或無(wu)、色較深,里面具(ju)蜂窩狀細孔(kong),中間漸寬或呈(cheng)(cheng)空洞狀 ,有的呈(cheng)(cheng)棕(zong)褐色。體(ti)輕(qing),質(zhi)硬(ying)而脆。氣微腥、味咸。
一般來說,鹿(lu)(lu)茸片(pian)(pian)(pian)以體(ti)輕 ,斷面蜂窩(wo)狀,組織致 密者為(wei)上乘品(pin)。古人對鹿(lu)(lu)茸片(pian)(pian)(pian)積累了豐(feng)富的(de)鑒(jian)別(bie)經驗。如(ru)在《增訂偽藥條(tiao)辨(bian)》一書中(zhong)所 載:“茸之(zhi)(zhi)頂(ding)尖,最(zui)首層之(zhi)(zhi)白(bai)如(ru)蠟,油潤如(ru)脂,名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)蠟片(pian)(pian)(pian);次(ci)(ci)(ci)層白(bai)中(zhong)兼黃,純系血液貫注其中(zhong),故名(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)血片(pian)(pian)(pian);最(zui)次(ci)(ci)(ci)層片(pian)(pian)(pian)有蜂窩(wo),色(se)紫黑(hei)透(tou)孔(kong) ,名(ming)曰(yue)風(feng)片(pian)(pian)(pian),俗(su)云木(mu)通片(pian)(pian)(pian),如(ru)木(mu)通之(zhi)(zhi)空通也。最(zui)次(ci)(ci)(ci)則(ze)骨(gu)(gu)毗連(lian),同(tong)角(jiao)相仿,名(ming)曰(yue)骨(gu)(gu)片(pian)(pian)(pian),效(xiao)力最(zui)薄矣。”由此可見其鑒(jian)別(bie)之(zhi)(zhi)精說,辨(bian)析之(zhi)(zhi)明了。在現(xian)代藥材(cai)商品(pin)市場上,常把(ba)(ba)鹿(lu)(lu)茸的(de)切(qie)片(pian)(pian)(pian),近頂(ding)處切(qie)下(xia)的(de),叫(jiao)做“血片(pian)(pian)(pian)”。血片(pian)(pian)(pian)厚(hou)約1毫米,呈蜜脂色(se),微(wei)紅潤,片(pian)(pian)(pian)面光(guang)滑(hua)。把(ba)(ba)在鹿(lu)(lu)茸下(xia)段切(qie)下(xia)的(de)稱做“粉(fen)片(pian)(pian)(pian)”。粉(fen)片(pian)(pian)(pian)厚(hou)約1.5毫米,呈灰白(bai)色(se),起粉(fen),片(pian)(pian)(pian)面光(guang),有細孔(kong),周(zhou)皮紫黑(hei)色(se),有腥氣。“沙(sha)片(pian)(pian)(pian)”則(ze)臨近骨(gu)(gu)端(duan)(duan),片(pian)(pian)(pian)面粗糙,有蜂窩(wo)狀細孔(kong)。血片(pian)(pian)(pian)功(gong)效(xiao)甚佳,價格(ge)(ge)昂貴,粉(fen)片(pian)(pian)(pian)次(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi),價格(ge)(ge)也較便宜(yi),沙(sha)片(pian)(pian)(pian)又(you)次(ci)(ci)(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)。“骨(gu)(gu)片(pian)(pian)(pian)”最(zui)近骨(gu)(gu)端(duan)(duan),質量比沙(sha)片(pian)(pian)(pian)為(wei)差。
近代(dai)藥物(wu)(wu)學(xue)家(jia)通過藥物(wu)(wu)化學(xue)分析發(fa)現,鹿茸(rong)的頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)浸(jin)出液(ye)的生物(wu)(wu)活(huo)性(xing)最(zui)(zui)高(gao),鹿茸(rong)的淺(qian)表組織細(xi)胞(bao)也(ye)是(shi)愈近頂(ding)(ding)部(bu)(bu)愈呈幼稚像,及(ji)至髓部(bu)(bu)頂(ding)(ding)端 充滿大而(er)(er)長的紡錘形細(xi)胞(bao)。鹿茸(rong)的基底(di)部(bu)(bu)生物(wu)(wu)活(huo)性(xing)最(zui)(zui)低,而(er)(er)中間部(bu)(bu)的化學(xue)成分及(ji)含量,基本上可以代(dai)表整(zheng)個鹿茸(rong)的平(ping)均值。