一、立式加工中心分類有哪些
立式加工中心是指主軸軸線與工作臺垂直設置的加工中心,主要(yao)適用(yong)于加工(gong)板(ban)類(lei)(lei)、盤類(lei)(lei)、模具及小型(xing)殼體類(lei)(lei)復(fu)雜(za)零件,它(ta)的(de)(de)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)眾多,按照(zhao)不同(tong)的(de)(de)分類(lei)(lei)依據可分為不同(tong)類(lei)(lei)型(xing):
1、按導軌分類
依據(ju)立式加工中心(xin)各(ge)軸導(dao)軌的(de)形式可分硬軌及線軌。硬軌適合重切削,線軌運動(dong)更(geng)靈敏。
2、按轉速分類
主軸轉速6000-15000rpm為低速型,18000rpm以上為高速型。
3、按結構分類
(1)定立(li)柱(zhu)式(shi)(shi)立(li)式(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin):即工(gong)作臺(tai)運(yun)動,立(li)柱(zhu)固定型結構,又稱工(gong)作臺(tai)運(yun)動式(shi)(shi)立(li)式(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin),屬于(yu)傳統的(de)普(pu)及型立(li)式(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin),這種(zhong)立(li)式(shi)(shi)加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)成本低,設計(ji)、制造(zao)比較容易,可(ke)實(shi)現(xian)批(pi)量化生產,性能方面,機床的(de)立(li)柱(zhu)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)、主軸(zhou)箱部(bu)件(jian)(jian)剛性好,在切削過程中(zhong),主軸(zhou)箱部(bu)件(jian)(jian)振動小(xiao)。
(2)動(dong)(dong)柱式(shi)立(li)式(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin):即工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺固定(ding),立(li)柱運動(dong)(dong)型結構(gou),又名固定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺式(shi)立(li)式(shi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin),這類(lei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)由于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺不移動(dong)(dong),可以(yi)放置更大的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)和(he)異形工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian),可以(yi)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)重量很大的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian);另外,固定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺使得(de)操(cao)作(zuo)者更容(rong)易靠近,裝卸工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)操(cao)作(zuo)更加(jia)容(rong)易和(he)省力(li),操(cao)作(zuo)更方便(bian)。
(3)小型龍門式(shi)立(li)式(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心(xin):這類(lei)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)剛性好,精度高,主軸(zhou)箱部件(jian)不(bu)懸伸,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)時不(bu)承受(shou)彎(wan)矩造成的變形,其框中框結(jie)構可以做到高速加(jia)(jia)工(gong),高速定(ding)位。
二、立式加工中心的特點
1、工(gong)件易(yi)裝夾(jia),可用(yong)通(tong)用(yong)的(de)夾(jia)具如平口鉗,壓板,分(fen)度(du)頭(tou),回轉(zhuan)工(gong)作臺(tai)等裝夾(jia)工(gong)件,工(gong)件的(de)裝夾(jia)定位方便。
2、刀具(ju)動運轉跡(ji)易觀(guan)察,調試程序檢查測量(liang)方(fang)便(bian),可及時發現問題,進行停(ting)機處理或修改。
3、冷卻條件易建立,切削液能(neng)直接到達刀具和加工(gong)表面。
4、坐標(biao)系即(ji)XYZ三個坐標(biao)軸與笛卡兒坐標(biao)系吻臺,感覺直(zhi)觀,與圖樣視角一致。
5、切(qie)(qie)屑(xie)易排(pai)除和掉落,避免切(qie)(qie)屑(xie)切(qie)(qie)劃(hua)加工(gong)過(guo)的表(biao)面。
6、結構一般采用單柱式,它與相應的臥式加工中心相比,結構簡(jian)單,占地面積較(jiao)小(xiao),價格較(jiao)低。
7、立式(shi)加工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心加工(gong)(gong)Z軸方向(xiang)尺寸相(xiang)對較小的工(gong)(gong)件時,一(yi)般(ban)的情況下除底面不能加工(gong)(gong)外,其余五個面都可用不同(tong)的刀(dao)具進(jin)行輪廓和(he)表面加工(gong)(gong)。