一、霓虹燈里的氣體是什么

霓虹燈是一種冷陰極氣體放電燈，它內部充有一些低氣壓的氣體，通過氣體電離來發出光，那么霓虹燈是什么氣體呢？

據了解，霓(ni)(ni)(ni)虹(hong)(hong)燈內填充(chong)的一般是(shi)稀(xi)有(you)氣(qi)體，不同(tong)氣(qi)體發出的光(guang)顏色也(ye)有(you)所不同(tong)：世(shi)界上第一盞霓(ni)(ni)(ni)虹(hong)(hong)燈填充(chong)的是(shi)氖(nai)氣(qi)，這也(ye)是(shi)霓(ni)(ni)(ni)虹(hong)(hong)燈名字的由來(lai)（氖(nai)的英文名neon音譯過來(lai)就是(shi)霓(ni)(ni)(ni)虹(hong)(hong)）。

后來人們(men)發(fa)(fa)現，其他稀有氣(qi)體填充(chong)進也能發(fa)(fa)出(chu)燈光，比如充(chong)入氬(ya)氣(qi)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)淺藍色(se)的光，充(chong)入氦氣(qi)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)淡紅色(se)光。有的霓(ni)虹燈還會(hui)充(chong)入氖(nai)、氬(ya)、氦、水(shui)銀蒸氣(qi)等四種(zhong)氣(qi)體（也有三種(zhong)或兩種(zhong)的）的混合(he)物，通過改(gai)變各種(zhong)氣(qi)體的相(xiang)對(dui)含量來制作出(chu)五光十色(se)的各種(zhong)霓(ni)虹燈。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、霓虹燈中的稀有氣體是怎么發光的

霓虹(hong)燈中填入(ru)稀有氣體(ti)，通(tong)過(guo)電離稀有氣體(ti)實現發光，具(ju)體(ti)的(de)原理是(shi)：

當(dang)外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接通后，變壓(ya)器輸(shu)出端就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會產生(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)壓(ya)。當(dang)這一高(gao)壓(ya)加到(dao)霓虹(hong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)時，霓虹(hong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管內的帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)在高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)被(bei)加速并(bing)飛(fei)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，能(neng)激發(fa)產生(sheng)(sheng)大量(liang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)。這些(xie)激發(fa)出來(lai)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，在高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場中(zhong)被(bei)加速，并(bing)與燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管內的氣體原(yuan)子(zi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)。當(dang)這些(xie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)碰(peng)撞(zhuang)游離(li)(li)氣體原(yuan)子(zi)的能(neng)量(liang)足(zu)夠大時，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)能(neng)使(shi)氣體原(yuan)子(zi)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)而成為(wei)正離(li)(li)子(zi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)，這就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是氣體的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)現(xian)象。帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒子(zi)與氣體原(yuan)子(zi)之(zhi)間(jian)的碰(peng)撞(zhuang)，多余的能(neng)量(liang)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)以光子(zi)的形式發(fa)射出來(lai)，這就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)完成了霓虹(hong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的發(fa)光點亮的整個過程。

三、稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是什么性質

稀有氣體用于霓虹燈是物理性質。

稀有氣體原子核外不同電子層上的電子有不同的能級結構，當電子在不同能級上躍遷時就會發光，而原子在特定的兩個能級間的躍遷發出的光是同頻率的，因此會有相同的顏色。稀(xi)有氣體(ti)的(de)特點是(shi)幾乎不會與其他(ta)物(wu)質發生化學(xue)反應，極難形成化學(xue)鍵(jian)，而這也是(shi)它們能夠被制成霓(ni)虹燈的(de)關鍵(jian)。