【汽(qi)車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)】汽(qi)車蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)怎么(me)充電(dian) 汽車(che)蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)時間

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液比重降至1.2以(yi)下；冬(dong)季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)過25%；夏季放電(dian)(dian)(dian)超(chao)過50%；燈光暗淡；啟動無力(li)時(shi)應進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。有的車主認為，快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)以(yi)節省時(shi)間，只(zhi)需要3-5個(ge)小時(shi)。其實不然(ran)，快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)只(zhi)是迅速(su)(su)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)表面(mian)激活，而實際上電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部是沒有 完全充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)的。

除了快速充電之外，還有一種為慢充電，充電時間為10-15個小時，那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電，否則充電時間不夠，充電量不足 ，會直接影響到汽車的(de)行駛性(xing)能。雖說充電是個相當(dang)簡單的(de)操作，但也有一些(xie)注意事項：

向鉛酸電池充電時，要穿上保護衣。

充電時，蓄電池附近不能有火花，禁止抽煙。

對一個或對多(duo)個蓄電池并聯(lian)充(chong)電時，充(chong)電器電壓不要超過(guo)16V。

一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電

當今汽車上的(de)電(dian)動(dong)設(she)(she)備越(yue)來越(yue)多，車主(zhu)在使用這些電(dian)動(dong)設(she)(she)備時，盡(jin)量不要(yao)讓蓄電(dian)池超負荷工作(zuo)。蓄電(dian)池的(de)超負荷工作(zuo)會減少蓄電(dian)池的(de)壽命(ming)。掌握(wo)正確的(de)蓄電(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)方法很重要(yao)。

首先將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)正極(ji)(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正極(ji)(ji)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)接電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)。

初充電(dian)(dian)爭兩個階段進行：首(shou)先用初充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流充到(dao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液放(fang)出(chu)氣(qi)泡，單(dan)格電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)到(dao)2.3~2.4V為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。然后將電(dian)(dian)流降為(wei)(wei)1/2初充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流，繼續充到(dao)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)液放(fang)出(chu)劇烈(lie)的(de)氣(qi)泡，比征和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)連續3h穩定不變為(wei)(wei)止(zhi)。全部充電(dian)(dian)時間約為(wei)(wei)45~65h。

充電(dian)過程中應常測(ce)量電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液溫度用電(dian)流(liu)減半、停止(zhi)充電(dian)或冷(leng)卻的方法，將(jiang)溫度控制(zhi)在35~40℃，初充電(dian)完畢時，若電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液比重(zhong)不合(he)規定，應用蒸(zheng)餾水或比重(zhong)為1.4的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液進行調整(zheng)。調整(zheng)后再充電(dian)2h，直至比重(zhong)符合(he)規定時為止(zhi)。

提示:蓄電池(chi)一般(ban)二、三(san)年更換一次。

二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區

1、不進行初充電

蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電，初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足，則蓄電池電荷容量不高，使用壽命也短;若(ruo)充電過(guo)量，則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好，但也會縮短它的使用壽命，所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池，按使用說明書，雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用，只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min，不需要充電即可投入使用。但是，如果儲存期超過兩年，由于極板上有部分氧化，為了提高其電荷容量，使用前應進行補充充電，充電5h-8h后再(zai)用(yong)。

2、不進行補充充電

有些駕駛員(yuan)常(chang)忽視(shi)對在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)(yu)(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)車(che)上(shang)(shang)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)徹底(di)，易造成極(ji)板硫化(hua)；同時，在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)中充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是(shi)不(bu)平(ping)衡的(de)，倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大于(yu)(yu)(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而(er)使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長期處于(yu)(yu)(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板就(jiu)會慢慢硫化(hua)。這種慢性硫化(hua)，會使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量不(bu)斷降低(di)，直到起動無力，大大縮短(duan)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命。為使(shi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板上(shang)(shang)的(de)活性物質及時得到還原，減少極(ji)板硫化(hua)，提高蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)容量，延長其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，對在(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)車(che)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應(ying)定期進行補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、蓄電池過充電

蓄電(dian)池經常過(guo)(guo)量充電(dian)，即使充電(dian)電(dian)流不(bu)大，但電(dian)解液長時間(jian)“沸騰(teng)”，除了活性(xing)物質表面的細小顆粒(li)易于脫落外(wai)，還(huan)會使柵架過(guo)(guo)分氧(yang)化(hua)，造(zao)成活性(xing)物質與柵架松散剝(bo)離。

4、充電時極性充反

由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同，除了活性物質外，負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料，用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外，每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片，而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時，若不注意極性，會使蓄電池充反，使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4，造成蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不(bu)足，不(bu)能(neng)正常工作，甚至(zhi)導致(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池報廢。因此，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)一定要(yao)注意極性，切不(bu)可(ke)極性充反。