【汽(qi)(qi)車(che)蓄電池充電】汽(qi)(qi)車(che)蓄電池怎么(me)充電 汽車蓄電池充電時間(jian)
電(dian)(dian)解液比重降至1.2以(yi)下;冬季(ji)放電(dian)(dian)超(chao)過(guo)25%;夏季(ji)放電(dian)(dian)超(chao)過(guo)50%;燈(deng)光(guang)暗淡;啟動無(wu)力時應進行充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。有的車主認為,快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)可以(yi)節省時間(jian),只(zhi)需要(yao)3-5個小(xiao)時。其(qi)實(shi)不然(ran),快速(su)(su)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)只(zhi)是迅速(su)(su)把電(dian)(dian)池(chi)表(biao)面激活,而(er)實(shi)際(ji)上電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部(bu)是沒有 完全充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)的。
除了快速充電之外,還有一種為慢充電,充電時間為10-15個小時,那些深虧電池就必須進行慢充電,否則充電時間不夠,充電量不足 ,會直接影響到汽車的行駛性能。雖(sui)說充電是個(ge)相當簡單(dan)的操作,但(dan)也(ye)有(you)一(yi)些注意事項(xiang):
向鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)時,要穿上保護(hu)衣。
充電時,蓄電池附(fu)近不能有火花,禁止抽煙(yan)。
對一(yi)個或對多個蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)并(bing)聯充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時,充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不要(yao)超過16V。
一、汽車蓄電池怎么充電
當今汽車(che)上的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)動設備(bei)越來(lai)越多,車(che)主在使用(yong)這些電(dian)(dian)動設備(bei)時,盡(jin)量(liang)不要讓蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池超負荷工作。蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)超負荷工作會(hui)減少蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)壽(shou)命。掌握正確的(de)(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)方(fang)法很重要。
首(shou)先將電(dian)池正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)接電(dian)源正(zheng)(zheng)極(ji),電(dian)池負極(ji)接電(dian)源負極(ji)。
初(chu)(chu)充(chong)電(dian)爭兩個階(jie)段進行:首先用(yong)初(chu)(chu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流充(chong)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)解液放(fang)出氣泡,單格電(dian)壓(ya)升到(dao)(dao)2.3~2.4V為(wei)止。然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)電(dian)流降為(wei)1/2初(chu)(chu)充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)流,繼續充(chong)到(dao)(dao)電(dian)解液放(fang)出劇(ju)烈的氣泡,比(bi)征和電(dian)壓(ya)連續3h穩定不變為(wei)止。全部充(chong)電(dian)時間約為(wei)45~65h。
充電(dian)過程(cheng)中應(ying)常測量(liang)電(dian)解液(ye)溫度用(yong)電(dian)流減(jian)半、停止充電(dian)或冷(leng)卻的(de)(de)方法,將溫度控制在35~40℃,初充電(dian)完畢時,若電(dian)解液(ye)比重(zhong)不(bu)合規定(ding),應(ying)用(yong)蒸餾水或比重(zhong)為1.4的(de)(de)電(dian)解液(ye)進行調整。調整后再充電(dian)2h,直至比重(zhong)符合規定(ding)時為止。
提示:蓄電池一(yi)般二、三年更換一(yi)次。
二、汽車蓄電池充電誤區
1、不進行初充電
蓄電池的首次充電稱為初充電,初充電對蓄電池的使用壽命和電荷容量有很大的影響。若充電不足,則蓄電池電荷容量不高,使用壽命也短;若充電過(guo)量(liang),則蓄電池電氣性能雖然好,但也會縮短它的使用壽命,所以新蓄電池要小心謹慎地進行初充電。對于干荷電鉛蓄電池,按使用說明書,雖然在規定的兩年儲存期內若需使用,只要加入規定密度的電解液擱置15min,不需要充電即可投入使用。但是,如果儲存期超過兩年,由于極板上有部分氧化,為了提高其電荷容量,使用前應進行補充充電,充電5h-8h后(hou)再用。
2、不進行補充充電
有些駕駛員常忽視對(dui)在(zai)(zai)用車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。由于(yu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)在(zai)(zai)車上充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不徹底,易造成(cheng)極(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)化(hua);同(tong)時,在(zai)(zai)使用中(zhong)充(chong)、放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量是不平衡的(de),倘若放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)(da)于(yu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)長期處于(yu)虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai),蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)就會慢慢硫(liu)化(hua)。這種慢性硫(liu)化(hua),會使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量不斷降低,直到起動(dong)無(wu)力,大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)使用壽命(ming)。為(wei)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)極(ji)板(ban)上的(de)活性物質(zhi)及時得(de)到還原,減少極(ji)板(ban)硫(liu)化(hua),提(ti)高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷容量,延長其使用壽命(ming),對(dui)在(zai)(zai)用車蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)應(ying)定期進(jin)行(xing)補充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
3、蓄電池過充電
蓄電(dian)池經常過量充電(dian),即使充電(dian)電(dian)流不大(da),但電(dian)解液長時(shi)間“沸騰(teng)”,除了活性物(wu)質表面的細小顆粒易于脫落外,還(huan)會使柵架(jia)(jia)過分(fen)氧(yang)化(hua),造成活性物(wu)質與柵架(jia)(jia)松散剝離。
4、充電時極性充反
由于蓄電池正負極板材料不同,除了活性物質外,負極板還添加了硫酸鋇、腐殖酸、炭黑和松香等材料,用來防止負極板收縮和氧化。另外,每個單格蓄電池的負極板數又總是比正極板數多一片,而且負極板比正極板略薄。當進行蓄電池的初充電或補充充電時,若不注意極性,會使蓄電池充反,使正、負極幾乎都變成粗晶粒的PbSO4,造成蓄電(dian)池電(dian)荷容量不(bu)足,不(bu)能正常工作,甚至導致蓄電(dian)池報(bao)廢。因(yin)此,充電(dian)時一定要注意(yi)極(ji)性,切不(bu)可極(ji)性充反。