密(mi)碼(ma)鎖安全(quan)嗎 智能密(mi)碼(ma)鎖基(ji)本工作原理(li)及硬件組成(cheng)

智能密碼鎖工作原理及硬件組成

智(zhi)能密(mi)碼鎖(suo)(suo)的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)由智(zhi)能監控器(qi)和(he)電子鎖(suo)(suo)具(ju)組成(cheng)。二者(zhe)異(yi)地(di)放置(zhi)，智(zhi)能監控器(qi)供給(gei)電子鎖(suo)(suo)具(ju)所需的(de)電源并接收其發送(song)的(de)報警信息(xi)(xi)和(he)狀(zhuang)態信息(xi)(xi)。這里采(cai)用了線路復用技術(shu)，使(shi)電能供給(gei)和(he)信息(xi)(xi)傳輸共用一根二芯電纜，提高了系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)可靠(kao)性(xing)、安全性(xing)。

智能監控器的基本原理及組成

智(zhi)能(neng)監(jian)控器(qi)(qi)的組(zu)成，它(ta)由單(dan)(dan)片機、時鐘、鍵(jian)盤(pan)、LCD顯示器(qi)(qi)、存貯器(qi)(qi)、解調器(qi)(qi)、線(xian)路復用(yong)及監(jian)測(ce)、A/D轉(zhuan)換、蜂(feng)鳴(ming)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)單(dan)(dan)元組(zu)成。主要(yao)完(wan)成與電子鎖具(ju)之(zhi)間的通信、智(zhi)能(neng)化分析及通信線(xian)路的安全監(jian)測(ce)等(deng)功能(neng)。

在(zai)發送(song)端，電(dian)子鎖具通(tong)(tong)過(guo)脈沖變壓器(qi)(qi)Ｔ將調(diao)(diao)制好的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)信號升壓后發送(song)出去；在(zai)接收端，脈沖變壓器(qi)(qi)T將接收到的(de)(de)(de)數據(ju)信號降壓后送(song)解調(diao)(diao)器(qi)(qi)，以減少(shao)載波信號在(zai)傳輸過(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)損耗。為了減少(shao)通(tong)(tong)信和供電(dian)之間的(de)(de)(de)相互干擾，對扼流圈L、耦(ou)合電(dian)容C的(de)(de)(de)選擇要綜(zong)合考慮。

設載波頻率fo＝400kHz，為了(le)保證絕大部(bu)分信號能(neng)量(liang)傳輸(shu)到接收(shou)端，取L＝33.7μHC1＝0.047μF。

電流監視技術

為(wei)了防止通信(xin)線路的(de)人為(wei)破壞和電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)執行器因(yin)某種原因(yin)造成流(liu)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)線圈的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過(guo)大(da)而燒毀線圈，本文(wen)在智能密碼鎖(suo)設計中采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監視(shi)技術。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監視(shi)器采用MAXIM公(gong)司生產的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)／電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓轉(zhuan)換芯片(pian)MAX471。該芯片(pian)能將被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)I轉(zhuan)化成對地輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓U，且有測量范圍大(da)、精度高、輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓U和被測電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)I成正比等特(te)點(dian)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)監視(shi)器輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓送A/D轉(zhuan)換器，單片(pian)機通過(guo)讀取A/D轉(zhuan)換結果(guo)，獲知(zhi)線路中電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)變化情況(kuang)，通過(guo)分(fen)析及時(shi)發現異常，發出(chu)報(bao)警(jing)信(xin)號。

數據通訊與預處理技術

智(zhi)能(neng)監控器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)鎖(suo)具發(fa)(fa)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信息（其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包括鎖(suo)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開啟、關閉、第一(yi)次(ci)密碼(ma)錯、第二(er)次(ci)密碼(ma)錯、第三次(ci)密碼(ma)錯等）、流過電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)執行器(qi)線圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流值，并(bing)讀(du)取該(gai)時刻通訊線路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流值，三者結合(he)起來構(gou)成一(yi)個(ge)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)塊，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)操作狀(zhuang)態(tai)占(zhan)1個(ge)字節(jie)，供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流占(zhan)2個(ge)字節(jie)，線圈(quan)電(dian)(dian)流占(zhan)2個(ge)字節(jie)。智(zhi)能(neng)監控器(qi)在(zai)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎖(suo)具通信過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，始(shi)終處(chu)于接(jie)收(shou)狀(zhuang)態(tai)。為了(le)提高(gao)通信可靠性(xing)，本(ben)文在(zai)通信協議中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)采用重復發(fa)(fa)送(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式(shi)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎖(suo)具對(dui)每(mei)一(yi)組數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)重復發(fa)(fa)送(song)5次(ci)，智(zhi)能(neng)監控器(qi)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)這(zhe)組數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)后，采用大(da)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)譯碼(ma)定律糾錯，保證了(le)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)接(jie)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準確(que)性(xing)。另外為了(le)節(jie)約內存需對(dui)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)采用預處(chu)理技術，即每(mei)接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)一(yi)個(ge)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)后，首先將(jiang)(jiang)該(gai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)與(yu)設定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門限(xian)(xian)值比(bi)較，如(ru)果大(da)于門限(xian)(xian)值，則(ze)發(fa)(fa)出(chu)超限(xian)(xian)報警；如(ru)果小(xiao)于門限(xian)(xian)值，則(ze)將(jiang)(jiang)該(gai)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)與(yu)當日接(jie)收(shou)到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同類數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)比(bi)較，保留較大(da)者。這(zhe)樣每(mei)天存儲的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)為同類數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)值。

智能化分析

智能化分析與(yu)預測(ce)技術就是以每次接收到的(de)數(shu)據塊為依據，與(yu)此前同類數(shu)據的(de)記錄值作(zuo)比較，分析該操作(zuo)引起電(dian)流(liu)變化的(de)大(da)小及趨(qu)勢，及時發現存在問題，并報告管理人員，從而提(ti)高了整個系統的(de)可(ke)靠性。

系統軟件設計

智(zhi)能(neng)密(mi)碼鎖軟(ruan)件采(cai)(cai)用51系列(lie)單片機匯編語言(yan)對(dui)智(zhi)能(neng)監控器(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)電子鎖具(ju)分(fen)別(bie)編程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。智(zhi)能(neng)監控器(qi)(qi)軟(ruan)件包(bao)括鍵(jian)盤(pan)掃描和(he)(he)(he)LCD顯示程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、蜂鳴器(qi)(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、時鐘(zhong)修改和(he)(he)(he)讀(du)取程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、數據通信(xin)與預(yu)處理程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、智(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)分(fen)析程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)及線路監測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)等模塊(kuai)(kuai)。電子鎖具(ju)軟(ruan)件包(bao)括鍵(jian)盤(pan)掃描與譯(yi)碼程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、LCD顯示程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、通信(xin)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、電磁執行器(qi)(qi)驅(qu)動(dong)及檢(jian)測程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)、傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)接口程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)等模塊(kuai)(kuai)。軟(ruan)件設計過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中采(cai)(cai)用模塊(kuai)(kuai)化(hua)設計方法，便于程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)的閱讀(du)、調試(shi)和(he)(he)(he)改進。

智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)密碼鎖(suo)充(chong)分(fen)利(li)用了51系(xi)統(tong)單(dan)片機軟、硬件資源，引入了智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)分(fen)析(xi)功能(neng)，提高了系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性和安全性。通過在某型號保險柜安裝使用，受到用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)歡迎。另(ling)外(wai)，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)密碼鎖(suo)在軟、硬件方面稍加改(gai)動，便可(ke)構成智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)布式監控網絡，實現(xian)某一范(fan)圍(wei)內的(de)(de)(de)集中(zhong)式監控管(guan)理，在金融、保險、軍(jun)事重地(di)及其它安全防范(fan)領域具有廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)應用前(qian)景。

智能監控器(qi)(qi)(qi)始終處于(yu)接(jie)收(shou)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，以固定的(de)格式接(jie)收(shou)電(dian)子鎖具發來(lai)的(de)報(bao)警(jing)信(xin)(xin)息和(he)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)息。對于(yu)報(bao)警(jing)信(xin)(xin)息，則(ze)馬(ma)上通(tong)(tong)過(guo)LCD顯示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)及蜂(feng)鳴(ming)器(qi)(qi)(qi)發出聲、光報(bao)警(jing)；對于(yu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)信(xin)(xin)息，則(ze)存(cun)入內存(cun)，并與電(dian)子鎖具在(zai)此時刻以前的(de)歷史(shi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)進行比(bi)較(jiao)，得出變(bian)化趨勢，預測未來(lai)的(de)狀(zhuang)態(tai)變(bian)化，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)LCD顯示(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)向(xiang)值班人員提(ti)供相應信(xin)(xin)息，以供決策(ce)使(shi)用。智能監控器(qi)(qi)(qi)與電(dian)子鎖具建(jian)立通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)聯系的(de)同時，通(tong)(tong)過(guo)A/D轉換器(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi)時地(di)監視流過(guo)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)線路的(de)供電(dian)電(dian)流的(de)變(bian)化，有效地(di)防止人為因素造成的(de)破壞，保證了(le)通(tong)(tong)信(xin)(xin)線路的(de)暢(chang)通(tong)(tong)。