一.產品介紹
江安大白(bai)李(li)又稱江安李(li),品種(zhong)(zhong)適應性廣,抗(kang)逆性強(qiang),結果(guo)(guo)(guo)期早(zao),豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan),品質(zhi)上乘,曾榮(rong)獲“四川省優質(zhi)水果(guo)(guo)(guo)”殊榮(rong),被全國(guo)農(nong)業高(gao)等院校教(jiao)材定為國(guo)家地方良種(zhong)(zhong)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實6月底成熟,平均(jun)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)重25—35克,果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)清香脆嫩,汁多、味甜、離核,部分果(guo)(guo)(guo)實核腔內(nei)有黃白(bai)色膠狀分泌(mi)物,果(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)稱之為李(li)子結“冰糖”。先后(hou)注冊(ce)“趕場山(shan)”李(li)子商標(biao),通過無(wu)公害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品認證(zheng)(zheng)和綠色食品認證(zheng)(zheng)檢(jian)測合(he)格。現有種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積5000余(yu)(yu)畝、產(chan)(chan)量1500余(yu)(yu)噸。
二.自然(ran)生態環境和人文歷史因素
江安縣屬(shu)(shu)低(di)山丘陵區(qu),海拔(ba)在236-908米之間(jian),縣內除長(chang)(chang) 江外(wai),有大小(xiao)河(he)溪(xi)145條,水(shui)資(zi)源豐富(fu)。產區(qu)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬(shu)(shu)中(zhong)亞熱帶四(si)川盆地濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu),四(si)季(ji)分明,常年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)18.1℃,年平均降水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)1132毫米,年平均日照時(shi)數1199.3小(xiao)時(shi),全年無(wu)霜期347天。土(tu)壤(rang)質地以砂壤(rang)土(tu)為(wei)主,PH值(zhi)在5.8-7.0之間(jian),中(zhong)性偏酸(suan),適宜江安大白李生長(chang)(chang)。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)(jiang)安大白李(li)產于四(si)川省江(jiang)(jiang)安縣(xian),位于長江(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游,四(si)川南(nan)緣,農產品地(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包(bao)括江(jiang)(jiang)安縣(xian)所轄的江(jiang)(jiang)安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、怡樂鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、留耕鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、夕佳山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大井(jing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、紅(hong)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陽(yang)春鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(原濫壩鄉)、桐梓鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、水清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、鐵清鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、迎安鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、四(si)面(mian)山鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),井(jing)口(kou)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大妙鄉、仁和(he)鄉和(he)蟠龍(long)鄉等15鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)3鄉、297個行政村。地(di)(di)理(li)(li)坐標(biao)為東經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北(bei)緯28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間,東到瀘州市(shi)江(jiang)(jiang)陽(yang)區(qu)、納溪(xi)區(qu),南(nan)到興(xing)文縣(xian),西到南(nan)溪(xi)縣(xian)、長寧縣(xian),北(bei)到自貢市(shi)富順(shun)縣(xian)。保(bao)護(hu)面(mian)積10萬畝(mu),年產量11萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
(1)外在感官品質:果(guo)實中大,圓形、整齊,縫合線(xian)較明顯,兩半較對稱,果(guo)頂平或凹。果(guo)面綠黃色,果(guo)粉厚。果(guo)肉(rou)綠黃色,肉(rou)質細(xi)膩(ni),清香脆嫩,纖維少,汁(zhi)較多(duo),味(wei)甜。核(he)小,離核(he),品質佳(jia)。
(2)內在品質指標:江安大(da)白李可食率≥92%,可溶性固(gu)形物≥11%。
(3)安全要(yao)求:符(fu)合《無(wu)公害食(shi)品(pin) 落葉(xie)核果(guo)類果(guo)品(pin)》NY5112-2005標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)求。
五.特定生產方式
中(zhong)耕果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)生(sheng)長(chang)季節降雨(yu)或(huo)(huo)灌(guan)(guan)水后(hou)(hou)(hou),及時中(zhong)耕松土,中(zhong)耕深(shen)度5cm-10cm。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時期(qi)(qi):在(zai)落葉(xie)(xie)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)或(huo)(huo)李子萌芽(ya)前(qian)15天(tian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)積(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)比春施(shi)(shi)(shi)好。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)年(nian)2-3次(ci),第(di)一(yi)次(ci)在(zai)開花前(qian),第(di)二次(ci)在(zai)硬核期(qi)(qi),第(di)三(san)次(ci)在(zai)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):秋季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)收(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)入,以農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),混合少量化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量按1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)2kg優(you)質農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)計(ji)算。施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法(fa)以溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在(zai)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan)投(tou)影(ying)范圍內(nei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方法(fa)為(wei)(wei)挖放(fang)射狀溝、環狀溝或(huo)(huo)平(ping)行(xing)狀溝,溝深(shen)30-40cm。追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):在(zai)幼(you)(you)齡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實發(fa)育(yu)前(qian)期(qi)(qi),每(mei)畝追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氮磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實發(fa)育(yu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實采(cai)(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)20天(tian)內(nei)停止葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。水分管理灌(guan)(guan)水:早春萌芽(ya)前(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)水,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實膨大期(qi)(qi)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)水,秋末在(zai)上(shang)凍(dong)前(qian)灌(guan)(guan)一(yi)次(ci)封(feng)凍(dong)水,有條件的果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)最好安裝滴(di)灌(guan)(guan)系統。排水:李樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)喜(xi)濕但怕澇(lao),應設(she)置排水系統,地面(mian)積(ji)水不(bu)利李樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)正常生(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)多(duo)雨(yu)季節通過(guo)(guo)溝渠及時排水。整(zheng)形修剪(jian)(jian) 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高2.5m左(zuo)右(you),冠(guan)幅1.5m×2.0m,無主(zhu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在(zai)中(zhong)心干上(shang)著生(sheng)8-12個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),下部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)較(jiao)長(chang),上(shang)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)較(jiao)短(duan)。修剪(jian)(jian)幼(you)(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)的修剪(jian)(jian):以整(zheng)形為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),盡快擴大樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠(guan),培(pei)(pei)養牢固的骨(gu)架;對(dui)骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度短(duan)截,對(dui)非骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)(jian)長(chang)放(fang),提早結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸(jian)培(pei)(pei)養各類結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu)。盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)的修剪(jian)(jian):前(qian)期(qi)(qi)保(bao)持樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)勢平(ping)衡,中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)要抑前(qian)促(cu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),回(hui)縮更(geng)新(xin)(xin),培(pei)(pei)養新(xin)(xin)的枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)(zu),防止早衰和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部位外移。結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要不(bu)斷(duan)更(geng)新(xin)(xin),采(cai)(cai)取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少截,弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)截”的辦法(fa)。衰老期(qi)(qi)的修剪(jian)(jian):采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)回(hui)縮更(geng)新(xin)(xin)復(fu)壯的方法(fa),促(cu)生(sheng)壯旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重短(duan)截生(sheng)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新(xin)(xin)培(pei)(pei)養骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延(yan)長(chang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)。病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)防治(zhi)技術病(bing)(bing)害(hai):剪(jian)(jian)除越冬病(bing)(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan),除去病(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)前(qian)噴5度石(shi)硫合劑(ji),展葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)發(fa)病(bing)(bing)前(qian)噴0.5:1:100硫酸鋅石(shi)灰液1-2次(ci)。蟲(chong)害(hai):藥物防治(zhi)按GB4258農藥安全使用(yong)(yong)標(biao)準執(zhi)行(xing)。結(jie)(jie)合秋耕,深(shen)翻樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan),使成蟲(chong)羽(yu)化不(bu)能爬出地面(mian)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)6月中(zhong)、下旬采(cai)(cai)收(shou),在(zai)接近完熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(九成熟(shu))采(cai)(cai)收(shou),當(dang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)綠色全部轉為(wei)(wei)淡黃色時為(wei)(wei)完全成熟(shu)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)時用(yong)(yong)人工手摘,輕拿輕放(fang),裝入果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱內(nei),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱容器不(bu)易(yi)過(guo)(guo)大或(huo)(huo)過(guo)(guo)高,每(mei)箱裝5-10kg為(wei)(wei)宜。