一.產品介紹
江(jiang)安大白(bai)李(li)(li)又稱江(jiang)安李(li)(li),品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)適應性廣(guang),抗逆性強,結果期(qi)早,豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan),品(pin)質上乘,曾榮獲“四川省優(you)質水果”殊榮,被全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)業高等院校教(jiao)材定(ding)為國家地方(fang)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)。果實6月(yue)底成熟,平均單(dan)果重25—35克,果肉清香脆嫩(nen),汁(zhi)多、味甜、離核(he),部分果實核(he)腔內有黃(huang)白(bai)色(se)膠狀分泌物,果農(nong)(nong)稱之為李(li)(li)子結“冰糖(tang)”。先后注冊(ce)“趕場山”李(li)(li)子商(shang)標(biao),通過(guo)無(wu)公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)認證(zheng)和綠色(se)食品(pin)認證(zheng)檢測(ce)合格。現有種(zhong)(zhong)植面積5000余(yu)畝、產(chan)(chan)量1500余(yu)噸。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人(ren)文歷史因素
江(jiang)安(an)縣屬低(di)山丘陵區(qu),海拔在236-908米(mi)之間(jian),縣內除長(chang) 江(jiang)外(wai),有大小河溪(xi)145條,水(shui)(shui)資源豐富。產區(qu)氣(qi)候屬中(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶四(si)(si)川盆地濕潤氣(qi)候區(qu),四(si)(si)季(ji)分(fen)明,常年平均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)為(wei)18.1℃,年平均(jun)降水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)1132毫米(mi),年平均(jun)日照時數1199.3小時,全年無(wu)霜期(qi)347天。土壤(rang)質地以(yi)砂壤(rang)土為(wei)主,PH值在5.8-7.0之間(jian),中(zhong)性(xing)偏(pian)酸,適宜江(jiang)安(an)大白李生長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
江(jiang)安(an)(an)大白李產于(yu)四川(chuan)省江(jiang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),位(wei)于(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)上游,四川(chuan)南(nan)緣,農(nong)產品(pin)地(di)(di)理標志地(di)(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包括(kuo)江(jiang)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)所轄的江(jiang)安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)、怡樂(le)鎮(zhen)、留(liu)耕鎮(zhen)、夕佳山(shan)鎮(zhen)、底蓬鎮(zhen)、大井(jing)鎮(zhen)、紅橋鎮(zhen)、五礦鎮(zhen)、陽春鎮(zhen)(原濫壩鄉(xiang))、桐(tong)梓(zi)鎮(zhen)、水清鎮(zhen)、鐵(tie)清鎮(zhen)、迎安(an)(an)鎮(zhen)、四面(mian)(mian)山(shan)鎮(zhen),井(jing)口鎮(zhen)、大妙鄉(xiang)、仁和鄉(xiang)和蟠龍鄉(xiang)等15鎮(zhen)3鄉(xiang)、297個(ge)行政(zheng)村。地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經104°57′40″-105°14′33,北緯(wei)28°22′20″-28°56′45″之間,東到(dao)瀘(lu)州(zhou)市江(jiang)陽區、納(na)溪(xi)區,南(nan)到(dao)興文縣(xian)(xian)(xian),西到(dao)南(nan)溪(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、長(chang)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),北到(dao)自貢市富順縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。保(bao)護(hu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)10萬畝(mu),年產量11萬噸。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
(1)外(wai)在感官品質:果實(shi)中大,圓形、整齊,縫(feng)合線較(jiao)明顯,兩半較(jiao)對(dui)稱(cheng),果頂(ding)平或凹(ao)。果面綠黃色,果粉厚。果肉(rou)(rou)綠黃色,肉(rou)(rou)質細膩,清(qing)香脆(cui)嫩,纖維少,汁較(jiao)多,味甜(tian)。核小,離(li)核,品質佳(jia)。
(2)內(nei)在品質(zhi)指標(biao):江安大白李可食率≥92%,可溶性固(gu)形物≥11%。
(3)安全要求(qiu):符合《無公害食品 落(luo)葉核果類果品》NY5112-2005標(biao)準要求(qiu)。
五(wu).特定生產方式
中(zhong)耕(geng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園生長(chang)(chang)季節降雨或(huo)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)后(hou)(hou),及(ji)時中(zhong)耕(geng)松土,中(zhong)耕(geng)深度5cm-10cm。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi):在落葉(xie)(xie)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)或(huo)李(li)子萌芽前(qian)(qian)15天(tian)(tian)施(shi)積(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),秋(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)比(bi)春(chun)施(shi)好。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)2-3次(ci),第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)在開花前(qian)(qian),第(di)(di)二次(ci)在硬核期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),第(di)(di)三次(ci)在采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)。施(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):秋(qiu)(qiu)季果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)施(shi)入,以(yi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),混合(he)(he)(he)少(shao)量(liang)化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)按1kg果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)施(shi)2kg優質農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)計算。施(shi)用(yong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)以(yi)溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)部位在樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠投影(ying)范圍內(nei)。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)為(wei)挖放(fang)(fang)射狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)、環狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou)或(huo)平(ping)行狀(zhuang)溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)深30-40cm。追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):在幼(you)齡樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)和(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),每(mei)畝追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)氮磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg;果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)發(fa)育后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)追(zhui)(zhui)施(shi)磷鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg。距果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采收(shou)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)20天(tian)(tian)內(nei)停止葉(xie)(xie)面(mian)(mian)追(zhui)(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。水(shui)分管理灌(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui):早(zao)春(chun)萌芽前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)水(shui),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)水(shui),秋(qiu)(qiu)末在上(shang)凍前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)封凍水(shui),有條件的(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園最好安裝(zhuang)滴(di)灌(guan)(guan)(guan)系(xi)統。排(pai)水(shui):李(li)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)喜濕但怕澇,應設置(zhi)排(pai)水(shui)系(xi)統,地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)水(shui)不(bu)(bu)利李(li)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)正常生長(chang)(chang),在多雨季節通(tong)過溝(gou)(gou)渠(qu)及(ji)時排(pai)水(shui)。整形修(xiu)剪(jian) 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)高(gao)2.5m左右,冠幅1.5m×2.0m,無主(zhu)(zhu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在中(zhong)心干上(shang)著生8-12個枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,下(xia)(xia)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較(jiao)長(chang)(chang),上(shang)部枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組較(jiao)短(duan)。修(xiu)剪(jian)幼(you)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)修(xiu)剪(jian):以(yi)整形為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),盡(jin)快擴大(da)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)冠,培(pei)(pei)養牢(lao)固的(de)骨架(jia);對(dui)(dui)骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、延(yan)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)適度短(duan)截(jie),對(dui)(dui)非骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕剪(jian)長(chang)(chang)放(fang)(fang),提早(zao)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),逐漸培(pei)(pei)養各類結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。盛果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)修(xiu)剪(jian):前(qian)(qian)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)保持樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)勢平(ping)衡,中(zhong)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)要抑前(qian)(qian)促后(hou)(hou),回縮更(geng)新,培(pei)(pei)養新的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,防(fang)止早(zao)衰和(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)部位外移(yi)。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)更(geng)新,采取“強枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)截(jie),弱枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多截(jie)”的(de)辦法(fa)。衰老期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)修(xiu)剪(jian):采用(yong)回縮更(geng)新復壯的(de)方(fang)(fang)法(fa),促生壯旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重短(duan)截(jie)生長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重新培(pei)(pei)養骨干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延(yan)長(chang)(chang)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治技術病(bing)害:剪(jian)除越冬(dong)病(bing)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),清掃果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園,除去病(bing)葉(xie)(xie)和(he)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。發(fa)病(bing)前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)5度石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)劑,展葉(xie)(xie)后(hou)(hou)發(fa)病(bing)前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)0.5:1:100硫酸鋅石(shi)灰液1-2次(ci)。蟲(chong)(chong)害:藥物防(fang)治按GB4258農(nong)(nong)藥安全使用(yong)標準執行。結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)秋(qiu)(qiu)耕(geng),深翻樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤,使成蟲(chong)(chong)羽化不(bu)(bu)能(neng)爬出地面(mian)(mian)。采收(shou)6月中(zhong)、下(xia)(xia)旬采收(shou),在接(jie)近完熟(shu)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(九成熟(shu))采收(shou),當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)(mian)綠色全部轉為(wei)淡(dan)黃(huang)色時為(wei)完全成熟(shu)。采收(shou)時用(yong)人工(gong)手(shou)摘,輕拿輕放(fang)(fang),裝(zhuang)入果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱(xiang)內(nei),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)箱(xiang)容器不(bu)(bu)易(yi)過大(da)或(huo)過高(gao),每(mei)箱(xiang)裝(zhuang)5-10kg為(wei)宜。