【充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)組(zu)(zu)成】汽車充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)設備組(zu)(zu)成部分 充電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)基(ji)礎知識

一、充電站結構原理

（1）充電站基本結構：

箱式電動汽車快速充電站由1、初級一次側(ce)充電(dian)機(ji)（為再生儲能蓄電(dian)池充電(dian)）；2、儲能蓄電池；3、次級二次側快速(su)充電機(ji)（為電動汽車充電）；4、再生蓄電池(chi)檢(jian)修(xiu)機(ji)；5、計(ji)費控制系統；6、線纜配電(dian)系；7、機(ji)房組(zu)成。

（2）充電站工作原理：

平時（夜間(jian)優(you)先）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力通(tong)過初級一次(ci)側充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向(xiang)再生(sheng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于儲能(neng)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時沒有(you)時間(jian)要(yao)求(qiu)，因(yin)而可用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流慢速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可根據(ju)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量自動(dong)(dong)(dong)安(an)排充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間(jian)，最大(da)(da)程度的使用(yong)(yong)夜間(jian)低谷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力。當需要(yao)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，根據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)的允許最大(da)(da)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，通(tong)過次(ci)級二(er)次(ci)側快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)進行快速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，由于充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程是從儲能(neng)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽(qi)車(che)“倒(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)”，而不是直(zhi)接(jie)取自電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，因(yin)而對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網沒有(you)任何干(gan)擾（如果直(zhi)接(jie)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網高功率(lv)取電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，會嚴重干(gan)擾電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網，不僅影響其他用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)，而且威脅電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網設備）。 充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費用(yong)(yong)按實際充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量計算，非常方便。

箱內設(she)備(bei)采用模塊(kuai)式設(she)計，配(pei)有再生蓄電(dian)池(chi)專用維修設(she)備(bei)。

充電站采用(yong)第一(yi)次現場拼(pin)裝，之后像集裝箱(xiang)一(yi)樣可以根據需要進行整體移動(dong)。

偏(pian)遠公路和用電(dian)無保障地域可采用太陽能(neng)和風能(neng)等形式，原理相(xiang)同(tong)。

輸入電壓：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 交流220V ±10%（電壓范圍(wei)200V-240V）

輸出電流：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5A-16A(根據電(dian)池電(dian)壓自動調整）

輸出功率：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 單(dan)路180W-500W（根據電池組電壓自(zi)動調(diao)整)

充電范圍：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 鉛酸(suan)蓄(xu)電池（12V-24V-36V-48V-60V-64V-72V-84V)

騎行里程：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 與電(dian)池狀態、氣(qi)溫、騎行路況、載(zai)重等因(yin)素有關！

投幣計數：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 最大投幣計數顯示9999(超(chao)出自動置零重新計數）

輸出線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.5米（含機內長度）

輸出接頭：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5合1（圓頭、方(fang)口、反方(fang)口、澳柯瑪、萬能口）

輸入線長：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8米(mi)（含機內長度）

二、充電站應用介紹

（1）公共停(ting)車(che)場(chang)：停(ting)車(che)場(chang)是社會充電站最(zui)佳的地方之一，交(jiao)通方便、出入方便。可(ke)與停(ting)車(che)場(chang)租(zu)用一個車(che)位，甚至是便角落(luo)位置即可(ke)，可(ke)以留(liu)有2個充電車(che)位（由于是短(duan)時充電，甚至都不(bu)用專用充電車(che)位，按充電車(che)數交(jiao)一定費用即可）。

（2）大型購物中心：此地放置充電站必然會受到購物中心歡迎，充電的人會順便購買商品（在哪里買都是買，正好利用充電的10-20分鐘(zhong)購物），這樣，可與(yu)購物中心實現雙贏。

（3）可(ke)停車的路邊地：城市(shi)停車越來越難，許多非主干(gan)道，都被允許用來臨時停車，由于箱式電動汽車快速充電站占用的地方非常小(xiao)（小(xiao)于20㎡），可(ke)供箱式電動汽(qi)車快(kuai)速充電站放置(zhi)的位(wei)置(zhi)非常多，并且根據需要進行隨時移動。

（4）高速路服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)：在高速路服(fu)(fu)務區(qu)(qu)設置(zhi)幾座箱式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車快(kuai)速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，就可連(lian)接周邊城市。數量不多，但意義很大，它將大大增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車用戶的信心。

（5）居住小區：這是(shi)最貼近用戶的地方，雖然小區內可以(yi)設置許(xu)多慢速充(chong)電樁，但有急事(shi)(shi)需要(yao)外(wai)出是(shi)幾乎每(mei)個(ge)人都(dou)可能遇到的事(shi)(shi)情，慢速充(chong)電站必須與快(kuai)速充(chong)電站結合起來才能發揮作用。

（6）單(dan)位(wei)(wei)、寫字樓等(deng)：一般(ban)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)與(yu)寫字樓都有停車場地，單(dan)位(wei)(wei)購置充電(dian)站不僅(jin)可為(wei)本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車服務(wu)，也(ye)可為(wei)本(ben)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)員工電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車服務(wu)，當然也(ye)可允許社會車輛快速充電(dian)。

（7）特殊景區，重要國道、偏遠公路和用(yong)電無保障地(di)域(yu)擔憂須充電需求的地(di)域(yu)可(ke)采用(yong)太陽能和風能等(deng)能源形式(shi)儲能充電。

（8）改裝(zhuang)部分應急充電(dian)車(che)，對因電(dian)能耗盡拋錨路邊的電(dian)動汽車(che)進行應急充電(dian)

三、電動汽車充電方法

電動汽車蓄電池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，用直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)按(an)與(yu)(yu)(yu)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)相(xiang)反的方向通過蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，使它(ta)恢復工作能力，這個過程稱為蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)正(zheng)極與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源正(zheng)極相(xiang)聯，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)負(fu)(fu)極與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源負(fu)(fu)極相(xiang)聯，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓必須高于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動勢。充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式有恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩種。

電動(dong)汽車充(chong)(chong)電技術充(chong)(chong)電方法的研(yan)究：

常規充電制度是依據1940年前國際公認的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗法則設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)。其中最(zui)著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)就是“安培小(xiao)時規則”：充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流安培數(shu)，不應超過(guo)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池待充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安時數(shu)。實際上，常規充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)速(su)度被蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中的(de)(de)(de)(de)溫升和(he)氣體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產生所限制。這個(ge)現象對蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)所必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)短時間具有重要(yao)意義。

恒流充電法

恒流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)是用(yong)(yong)調整充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或改(gai)變與蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串聯電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)的方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，保(bao)持(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)強(qiang)度不變的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。控制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)簡單，但由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的可接受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)能力是隨著(zhu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程的進行而逐漸下降的，到充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解水，產生氣體，使(shi)出氣過甚，因(yin)此，常選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)階段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)。

階段充電法

此(ci)方法(fa)包括二階段充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)和三階段充(chong)電(dian)法(fa)

①二階(jie)段法(fa)采用恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)相結合的快速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)，首先，以(yi)恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)至預定的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值，然后，改為恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)完成剩余的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。一(yi)般兩(liang)階(jie)段之間的轉換電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)就是(shi)第二階(jie)段的恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。

②三階(jie)段充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)開始和結束(shu)時(shi)采用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，中間用(yong)恒電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)衰減到預定值時(shi)，由第(di)二階(jie)段轉換到第(di)三階(jie)段。這(zhe)種方法(fa)可(ke)以將出氣量減到最(zui)少，但作為一種快(kuai)速充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)使(shi)用(yong)，受到一定的(de)限制。

恒壓充電法

充(chong)(chong)電電源的(de)電壓(ya)在全部充(chong)(chong)電時間里保持(chi)恒定的(de)數值，隨著蓄電池(chi)端電壓(ya)的(de)逐漸升高，電流逐漸減少(shao)。與(yu)恒流充(chong)(chong)電法相比，其充(chong)(chong)電過程(cheng)更接近(jin)于最佳充(chong)(chong)電曲線。用恒定電壓(ya)快速充(chong)(chong)電，由于充(chong)(chong)電初(chu)期蓄電池(chi)電動勢(shi)較低，充(chong)(chong)電電流很大(da)，隨著充(chong)(chong)電的(de)進(jin)行，電流將逐漸減少(shao)，因此(ci)，只需簡易控(kong)制系統(tong)。

這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)方法(fa)電(dian)(dian)解水(shui)很(hen)(hen)少，避免了蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)過充(chong)。但在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)初(chu)期電(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)(da)，對(dui)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)命(ming)造成很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)影響(xiang)，且(qie)容易使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)極板彎曲，造成電(dian)(dian)池(chi)報廢。鑒于這種缺點，恒(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)很(hen)(hen)少使用(yong)，只有在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)壓低(di)而電(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)(da)時采(cai)用(yong)。例如，汽車(che)運行(xing)過程中，蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就(jiu)是以恒(heng)(heng)壓充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法(fa)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)的(de)。

快速充電法

①脈(mo)沖式充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法，這種充(chong)電(dian)(dian)法不僅遵循蓄電(dian)(dian)池固有的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)(shou)率，而(er)且能夠提高電(dian)(dian)動汽車蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)(shou)率，從而(er)打破了蓄電(dian)(dian)池指數充(chong)電(dian)(dian)接受(shou)(shou)曲線(xian)的限制(zhi)，這也是蓄電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)理論的新發展。

脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式首(shou)先是用脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)池停充(chong)(chong)一段時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，如此循環(huan)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖(chong)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充(chong)(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，而間(jian)(jian)(jian)歇期使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池經化(hua)學反應(ying)產生的(de)氧氣和氫(qing)氣有(you)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)重新化(hua)合而被吸收掉，使下一輪(lun)的(de)應(ying)恒流(liu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能夠更加順利地進行，使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池可以吸收更多(duo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)。間(jian)(jian)(jian)歇脈沖(chong)使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池有(you)較(jiao)充(chong)(chong)分的(de)反應(ying)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，減少了(le)析氣量(liang)，提高了(le)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)接受率。

②2REFLEXTM快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)，這(zhe)種技術(shu)是美國的(de)一項專利技術(shu)，它主(zhu)要面對的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)對象是鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。由于它采(cai)用了新型(xing)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)，解決(jue)了鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)記憶效應，因此，大(da)大(da)降低了蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)快(kuai)速(su)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)時(shi)間。鉛(qian)酸蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)和對充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)的(de)檢測方法(fa)(fa)(fa)與鎳(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)有(you)很大(da)的(de)不同(tong)，但它們之間可以相(xiang)互借REFLEXTM充電法的(de)一個工作周期包括正向充電脈沖，反向瞬間放電脈沖，停充維持(chi)3個階段。

③變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)間歇(xie)(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)法，這種充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法建立在恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和脈沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)基(ji)礎上。其特點是將恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段改為限壓(ya)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)間歇(xie)(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前期(qi)的(de)各段采用(yong)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)間歇(xie)(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)方(fang)法，保證加(jia)大(da)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，獲(huo)得絕大(da)部分充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)期(qi)采用(yong)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)段，獲(huo)得過充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池恢復至完全充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)態(tai)。通(tong)過間歇(xie)(xie)(xie)停(ting)充(chong)(chong)(chong)，使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池經化學反應(ying)產生的(de)氧(yang)氣(qi)和氫(qing)氣(qi)有時(shi)間重(zhong)新化合而被吸收(shou)掉，使下一輪的(de)恒(heng)流(liu)(liu)(liu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)夠更(geng)加(jia)順利(li)地(di)進(jin)行，使蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池可(ke)以吸收(shou)更(geng)多的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量。

④變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法，在(zai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法的(de)基礎上又(you)有(you)人提出了變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)法。與變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方法不同之處在(zai)于第(di)一(yi)階段的(de)不是(shi)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)恒(heng)流(liu)，而(er)是(shi)間(jian)歇(xie)(xie)恒(heng)壓。在(zai)每個恒(heng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，由(you)于是(shi)恒(heng)壓充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)自然(ran)按照(zhao)指(zhi)數規律下降，符合電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)可接受率(lv)隨著充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)進行(xing)逐漸(jian)下降的(de)特(te)點。

⑤變電壓變電流波浪式間歇正負零脈沖快速充電法，合脈沖充電法、ReflexTM快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)、變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)間歇充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)及變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓間歇充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)的優點，變電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓變電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波(bo)浪式正負(fu)零(ling)脈沖(chong)間歇快速充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)得到發展應用。脈沖(chong)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)法(fa)(fa)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的控制一般(ban)有兩(liang)種：

1）脈沖(chong)電流(liu)的幅(fu)值可(ke)變，而PWM（驅動充(chong)放電(dian)開關管）信(xin)號(hao)的頻率是固定(ding)的；

2）脈沖電流幅(fu)值固(gu)定不變，PWM信號的(de)頻率(lv)可調。

脈沖電流幅值和PWM信(xin)號的頻率均固定，PWM占空比可調，在此基礎上(shang)加入間歇(xie)停充階段，能夠在較短的時間內充進更(geng)多的電(dian)量(liang)，提高蓄電(dian)池的充電(dian)接受能力。