一、危險化學品泄漏特點

化(hua)(hua)學危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)（危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)）泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)性(xing)十分嚴重，可(ke)能造成(cheng)爆炸、火災等(deng)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)，致使當(dang)(dang)場(chang)及(ji)附近人(ren)(ren)(ren)員傷(shang)亡，給國家和人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)財產造成(cheng)嚴重損(sun)失，對(dui)(dui)生(sheng)態環(huan)境造成(cheng)不(bu)可(ke)挽回(hui)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)。一(yi)般危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)如(ru)下特點：危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)受泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)處(chu)(chu)開(kai)口大小、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)速度、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)總量(liang)、泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)途徑及(ji)氣象條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)(xiang)而(er)導致的(de)(de)(de)波及(ji)范圍不(bu)同(tong)。但(dan)一(yi)般比其(qi)(qi)它災害(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)擴散(san)的(de)(de)(de)范圍廣、面積大。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)中有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)氣體的(de)(de)(de)迅速擴散(san)，使眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員中毒(du)傷(shang)亡。如(ru)京(jing)滬高速曾經(jing)發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)3.29事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)，最后造成(cheng)28人(ren)(ren)(ren)中毒(du)死亡，多達350人(ren)(ren)(ren)員住院治療，其(qi)(qi)中有(you)(you)(you)270人(ren)(ren)(ren)留院觀察，緊(jin)急疏散(san)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)多達15000余人(ren)(ren)(ren)。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)，并非像普通(tong)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)一(yi)樣，形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)性(xing)一(yi)但(dan)發(fa)生(sheng)，其(qi)(qi)災情基本不(bu)會在(zai)（再）發(fa)生(sheng)突(tu)變，而(er)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)，其(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)情況隨時(shi)可(ke)能發(fa)生(sheng)突(tu)變，造成(cheng)更大的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失與(yu)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)，因(yin)為(wei)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)只是(shi)一(yi)個開(kai)始，如(ru)果(guo)沒有(you)(you)(you)進行(xing)有(you)(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)控制與(yu)防護，其(qi)(qi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)將會隨著(zhu)時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)（推移(yi)）發(fa)生(sheng)突(tu)變。危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)隱蔽性(xing)，其(qi)(qi)泄(xie)(xie)(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)，可(ke)以(yi)是(shi)汽（氣）體和液體等(deng)多種形(xing)式，因(yin)為(wei)是(shi)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)，其(qi)(qi)中大部分是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)的(de)(de)(de)物質，可(ke)以(yi)在(zai)短時(shi)內危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)，更可(ke)能當(dang)(dang)時(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)形(xing)成(cheng)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，但(dan)在(zai)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)處(chu)(chu)理后，對(dui)(dui)處(chu)(chu)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員或現場(chang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員形(xing)成(cheng)永久性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)損(sun)傷(shang)。同(tong)時(shi)在(zai)對(dui)(dui)現場(chang)處(chu)(chu)理過(guo)程中，有(you)(you)(you)些操作是(shi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)相(xiang)當(dang)(dang)極高的(de)(de)(de)，比如(ru)說堵漏(lou)、關閥與(yu)液體稀(xi)釋都有(you)(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)命(ming)(ming)(ming)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、如何應對化學品泄漏

1、危險化學品發生泄(xie)漏，要用濕(shi)毛巾捂住口鼻(bi)，及(ji)時撤離(li)現場，然后(hou)報警。

2、不要(yao)在事發地點周圍逗留(liu)，不開燈，不要(yao)動電器，以免產生火(huo)花(hua)導致爆(bao)炸；熄滅火(huo)種(zhong)，關閥(fa)斷氣(qi)，以防發生火(huo)災或(huo)爆(bao)炸。

3、發(fa)現被遺棄(qi)的化(hua)學(xue)品，不要撿拾，應(ying)立即撥打報(bao)警電話，說清具體位置、包裝標志、大致數量以及是否有氣味等情況。

4、遇到(dao)危險化學品運輸車輛發(fa)生事(shi)故，應盡(jin)快離開事(shi)故現場，撤(che)離到(dao)上風口位置，不圍(wei)觀并(bing)立(li)即撥打報警電話。

5、居民小區(qu)施(shi)工(gong)過程中挖掘出有異味(wei)的土壤時，應立即撤離并撥打(da)電話(hua)報警，在(zai)異味(wei)土壤清走之前(qian)，周(zhou)圍居民和單(dan)位不要開窗通風。