一、危險化學品泄漏特點

化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)品(pin)(pin)（危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)）泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害性(xing)十分(fen)(fen)嚴重，可能造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)爆炸、火災等事(shi)(shi)(shi)故，致使當(dang)(dang)場(chang)及附近人(ren)員傷亡(wang)，給國家(jia)和人(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)財產造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)嚴重損(sun)(sun)失，對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)不可挽回的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。一(yi)般危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)如下特點：危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故受泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)處(chu)(chu)(chu)開(kai)口大小、泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)速(su)(su)度(du)、泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)總量、泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)途徑及氣(qi)象條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響而(er)導致的(de)(de)(de)(de)波(bo)及范圍(wei)不同(tong)(tong)。但一(yi)般比(bi)(bi)其它災害事(shi)(shi)(shi)故擴散(san)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)廣、面積大。危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)氣(qi)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)迅速(su)(su)擴散(san)，使眾多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)員中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)傷亡(wang)。如京滬高(gao)速(su)(su)曾經發生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.29事(shi)(shi)(shi)故，最后(hou)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)28人(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)死(si)亡(wang)，多(duo)達(da)350人(ren)員住院治(zhi)療，其中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)270人(ren)留院觀(guan)察，緊(jin)急疏散(san)人(ren)數多(duo)達(da)15000余人(ren)。危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，并(bing)非像普通事(shi)(shi)(shi)故一(yi)樣，形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害性(xing)一(yi)但發生(sheng)(sheng)，其災情基本不會在(zai)(zai)（再）發生(sheng)(sheng)突(tu)變(bian)，而(er)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)，其危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)情況(kuang)隨時(shi)(shi)(shi)可能發生(sheng)(sheng)突(tu)變(bian)，造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)失與(yu)危(wei)(wei)害，因為危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)只是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)開(kai)始，如果沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)進行有(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制與(yu)防護，其危(wei)(wei)害將會隨著時(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)（推移）發生(sheng)(sheng)突(tu)變(bian)。危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)隱蔽(bi)性(xing)，其泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)，可以是(shi)汽（氣(qi)）體和液體等多(duo)種形(xing)式，因為是(shi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)學品(pin)(pin)，其中(zhong)(zhong)大部分(fen)(fen)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物質，可以在(zai)(zai)短時(shi)(shi)(shi)內危(wei)(wei)及人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)，更可能當(dang)(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)成(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，但在(zai)(zai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)，對(dui)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)人(ren)員或(huo)現場(chang)人(ren)員形(xing)成(cheng)永久(jiu)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)(sun)傷。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)對(dui)現場(chang)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)些操作是(shi)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)性(xing)相當(dang)(dang)極(ji)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，比(bi)(bi)如說堵漏(lou)(lou)(lou)、關(guan)閥與(yu)液體稀釋都有(you)(you)(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。

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二、如何應對化學品泄漏

1、危險(xian)化學(xue)品發生泄漏(lou)，要(yao)用(yong)濕毛巾(jin)捂住口鼻，及時撤離現場(chang)，然后(hou)報(bao)警(jing)。

2、不要(yao)在(zai)事(shi)發地(di)點周圍逗留，不開燈，不要(yao)動電(dian)器，以(yi)免產生火花(hua)導致爆炸；熄(xi)滅火種(zhong)，關閥斷氣(qi)，以(yi)防發生火災或爆炸。

3、發現(xian)被遺棄的化學品(pin)，不(bu)要撿(jian)拾，應立(li)即(ji)撥打報警電話，說清具體(ti)位置(zhi)、包(bao)裝(zhuang)標(biao)志、大(da)致數量以及(ji)是(shi)否有(you)氣味等情況。

4、遇到(dao)危(wei)險化學品運輸車輛(liang)發生(sheng)事故，應盡快離(li)(li)開事故現場，撤離(li)(li)到(dao)上風口(kou)位置，不圍觀并立(li)即撥打報警電話。

5、居(ju)民小(xiao)區施工過程中挖掘(jue)出有異味的土(tu)壤時(shi)，應立即撤離并撥打電話報(bao)警，在異味土(tu)壤清(qing)走之(zhi)前，周圍(wei)居(ju)民和單(dan)位不要開(kai)窗通風(feng)。