蓄電池修復是真的嗎
隨著電力供配電行業,通信、通訊行業及電動車輛的發展,也帶動了為其配套的電源--蓄電池行業的發展和技術上的進步與創新。由于鉛酸蓄電池具有優異的性價比,所以目前國內外市場上除了便攜式電子產品外,為電動車輛、UPS系統(tong)、電(dian)訊設施(shi)(電(dian)信中心,衛星地面站(zhan))、內燃機車、汽車、電(dian)站(zhan)、變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)、應急(ji)電(dian)源、船舶及無(wu)電(dian)區光明工程(cheng)的(de)儲能(neng)電(dian)源等95%以(yi)上都(dou)是使用的(de)鉛酸蓄電(dian)池。
型(xing)號不同、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)境條件(jian)(jian)不同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi),其設(she)計使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)也(ye)不同。如(ru)固(gu)定型(xing)排氣式的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)20℃~25℃,浮(fu)充(chong)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)有15年(nian)(nian);VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)浮(fu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)條件(jian)(jian)下(xia)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)在(zai)5~10年(nian)(nian);牽引型(xing)(動力型(xing))排氣式鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)1500周次(ci);動力型(xing)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)700次(ci)左右;電(dian)(dian)動自行車、電(dian)(dian)動摩托車、電(dian)(dian)動三輪車配套的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)只有350周次(ci)左右,即一(yi)年(nian)(nian);汽車上配套的(de)(de)點火,照明,起動用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)VRLA鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)一(yi)般壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)為(wei)3~5年(nian)(nian);所以鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)修(xiu)復對(dui)于市場占有量最大,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻率最高,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)最廣、壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)較短且易出(chu)現早期失效(xiao)的(de)(de)鉛(qian)(qian)酸(suan)(suan)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)是主(zhu)要工作(zuo)的(de)(de)對(dui)象。這些易出(chu)現早期失效(xiao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)對(dui)其修(xiu)復后可以再次(ci)提(ti)交使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),因此大大的(de)(de)延長了(le)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),達到了(le)既環(huan)(huan)保又節(jie)約節(jie)能(neng)的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。
蓄電池壞損修復的方法
一、電瓶檢測
第一步、檢查(cha)蓄電池外表狀態:
檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電池外形是否(fou)完(wan)好(hao)。檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電池外殼是否(fou)凸出、漏(lou)夜(ye)、斷隔、電瓶接線(xian)端子腐蝕等,如果有這種現象,說明電瓶已經壞(huai)死;
第(di)二步、檢查蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓是否正常:
1、在充電(dian)進行時(二個小時后(hou)),分三次(ci)檢測每節(jie)單塊電(dian)瓶的(de)電(dian)壓,每次(ci)間隔(ge)20分(fen)鐘,如果有單塊(kuai)電(dian)池的電(dian)壓超(chao)過15V的,意味電瓶硫化;如果電壓始終達不到13V以上的,說明這(zhe)節電瓶短路或單格落后;
2、在放電進行時,用(yong)萬用(yong)表分(fen)三次(ci)測量每節單體電瓶(ping)的電壓,每次(ci)間(jian)隔10分鐘(zhong),如(ru)果某(mou)單塊(kuai)電瓶(ping)的(de)電壓(ya)下(xia)降的(de)比其(qi)他(ta)幾節電瓶(ping)快,并且低于10V,加(jia)上(shang)這節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)時間(jian)最短,那么這節(jie)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)就是問題電(dian)(dian)池(chi)。
3、檢測單塊電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的靜態電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(浮電(dian)(dian)(dian))。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為零(ling)時,有兩(liang)種可(ke)能:一種是電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶完全斷路,電(dian)(dian)(dian)路不通,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為零(ling);另(ling)一種就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶放(fang)置時間過長,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低至1-2V,甚至為零。
第(di)三步、檢查蓄電池電解液是否“失水”、發黑:
檢(jian)查電解液是否變質或(huo)“失水”。對蓄電池充電3-6個小時(shi)后,用(yong)手觸觸摸每節電(dian)瓶外殼(ke)側面,如(ru)果電(dian)瓶發熱(re)燙手,這節電(dian)池已經壞死;如(ru)果只是發熱(re),溫(wen)度(du)在40度左(zuo)右(you),同(tong)時(shi)充(chong)電時(shi)充(chong)電器一直亮著紅燈,說明電池嚴(yan)重(zhong)“失水(shui)”;另(ling)外也可以打開電瓶的蓋(gai)子,檢查“失水(shui)”狀態。
二、蓄電池修復方法技術
1、脈(mo)沖修(xiu)復(fu)法:
蓄(xu)電池(chi)消(xiao)除硫化(hua)比較(jiao)好的(de)方法就(jiu)是采(cai)用脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)修(xiu)復法。在修(xiu)復蓄(xu)電池(chi)時,脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)的(de)瞬(shun)間電壓一般根據(ju)產品所體現的(de)功能需要(yao),采(cai)取(qu)的(de)瞬(shun)間電壓為60V—300V之間(jian),如用于蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)延壽的產品脈(mo)沖電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就不(bu)益過大(da),專門由于蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復產品的脈(mo)沖電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)就可以偏大(da)(如果脈(mo)沖電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)值(zhi)太大(da)對電(dian)池(chi)(chi)極板會造成損傷),脈(mo)沖電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao),蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復時間(jian)短,脈(mo)沖電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)低,蓄(xu)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)修(xiu)復時間(jian)相對就長,盡管脈(mo)沖瞬間(jian)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)很高(gao),但平均電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)并不(bu)高(gao),對人體沒(mei)有傷害(hai),十分安全。
市場上有專門(men)的(de)脈(mo)沖(chong)發(fa)生器銷售,但要(yao)注意(yi)選擇(ze)效(xiao)果好的(de)一種。脈(mo)沖(chong)與蓄電池極(ji)板(ban)的(de)諧振很重要(yao),這(zhe)就取決與脈(mo)沖(chong)頻(pin)率(lv)大小、幅度(du)寬窄,脈(mo)沖(chong)頻(pin)率(lv)和幅度(du)不(bu)夠就達不(bu)到消除硫酸(suan)結晶的(de)效(xiao)果,頻(pin)率(lv)和幅度(du)太大則會(hui)出(chu)現(xian)消除了硫化而損傷了電極(ji)板(ban),并出(chu)現(xian)析氣現(xian)象;同時,脈(mo)沖(chong)波(bo)形也有很多種,在示波(bo)器上可以顯示。
2、強電修復法:
強電(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)就是采取充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的持久高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓或大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的方法(fa),多在脈沖修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa)效果不明(ming)顯時采用。其一、高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)復法(fa):這種方法(fa)主要(yao)是采取電(dian)(dian)(dian)池標稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的1.3-1.5倍(bei)的充(chong)電(dian)電(dian)壓修(xiu)復電(dian)池,如36V蓄電(dian)(dian)池在充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流不變或接(jie)近的條件下,采用(yong)48V的(de)充(chong)電器(qi)進行充(chong)電,充(chong)電時間要掌握(wo)分寸(cun),不(bu)易過長(chang),否則電池會因(yin)析氣發熱。
3、全充全放電修復(fu)法:
全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法就是對蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池采取完(wan)全(quan)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后,再完(wan)全(quan)的(de)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)方法。全(quan)充(chong)全(quan)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)修(xiu)復(fu)法主(zhu)要是對輕度(du)損傷的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池具有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)修(xiu)復(fu)作用(yong),同時此方法還可以有(you)效的(de)激活電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)深(shen)層(ceng)的(de)活性物(wu)質,提高蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量。
4、補水修復法:
對蓄電池“失水”采取補水的方法便可修復,其目的是稀釋濃度提高的硫酸正常進行電解反應。補水方法上較為簡單,只用打開蓄電池上蓋,可以看見有六個圓孔,向每個圓孔注射一定量的蒸餾水,再浸泡24小時以上就(jiu)可以了。
5、重(zhong)新配(pei)組修(xiu)復法(fa):
電動車電池一般是由幾節電池串聯而成的電池組,電池壞損是多方面的,可能電池會同時存在幾個方面的損傷:對于硫化的電瓶,修復后使用效果較好;但是對于極板軟化以及斷隔的電瓶,即時可以修復,因屬物理硬傷,可再利用價值不大,修復后的使用時間也極短,再修復的效果將會更差。
蓄電池修復方法
1、電池串聯修復法:這種方法是當單節電池標稱電壓低于12V時就可以采用這個辦法。例如,市面上有可以充電應急燈而常常采用的6V 4Ah的蓄電池,而測試儀單路輸出為12V,這時就可以串聯兩個6V 電池,把它們接入測試(shi)儀(yi)進(jin)行(xing)硫修復。
2、輸出組合法:對于那種(zhong)放了(le)很(hen)久的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池或者說自(zi)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)很(hen)嚴重以(yi)及硫(liu)化(hua)很(hen)嚴重的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池,我們不能采(cai)用補水和(he)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)的(de)方法了(le)。而輸出組合法對嚴重硫(liu)化(hua)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池效(xiao)果比較好(hao)(hao),在使用這個(ge)方法時,充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)最好(hao)(hao)是5A。因為(wei)修復(fu)(fu)功能的(de)疊加,修復(fu)(fu)負脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大于正脈,選(xuan)擇5A是為(wei)了(le)彌補由此而產生的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)抵(di)消。
3、活化充電法:其實蓄電池在(zai)存儲或者是(shi)使用期間,我(wo)們可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)定期給它進行活化(hua)充(chong)電,也就(jiu)是(shi)所謂的均衡充(chong)電,這樣對蓄電池不(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)逆(ni)硫(liu)化(hua)是(shi)很有幫(bang)助的,因為就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)延長(chang)蓄電池的壽命,是(shi)很提倡的做法。我(wo)們在(zai)一般情況下,使用測試儀定期對電池充(chong)電—放電—充(chong)電就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)了。
4、加熱法:對于(yu)那(nei)種(zhong)放的很久(jiu)的電池,電解(jie)液自(zi)然就(jiu)成嚴重(zhong)干涸的狀態(tai)。如果顧(gu)客急(ji)需要(yao)修(xiu)復的話,就(jiu)可以采用這種(zhong)加熱(re)法。首先(xian)給要(yao)被修(xiu)復的電池補水(shui)后(hou),為了加快電解(jie)液向(xiang)電池內部(bu)滲透和自(zi)身(shen)的化學(xue)反(fan)應,然后(hou)我(wo)們就(jiu)把補水(shui)后(hou)的電池放入(ru)70℃的熱(re)水(shui)中(zhong)浸泡,最(zui)后(hou)取(qu)出電池進行正常的修(xiu)復工作(zuo)。
汽車蓄電池修復技術
首先我(wo)們(men)需要知道,蓄電(dian)池(chi)分為開口蓄電(dian)池(chi)和閥控密封式(shi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)兩種,對于不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)種類的(de)(de)蓄電(dian)池(chi)其維護方(fang)式(shi)也是(shi)不(bu)一樣(yang)的(de)(de)。我(wo)們(men)第一個先來看看閥控密封式(shi)蓄電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)修(xiu)復(fu)方(fang)法。
1、清理
維護電(dian)池以前,首先要(yao)清理被修電(dian)池外表的(de)灰塵,清除端子上面的(de)沾(zhan)污和銹蝕。然(ran)后再打(da)開排氣閥,觀察電(dian)池內(nei)部的(de)電(dian)解(jie)液。
2、撬開電池蓋,根據情況處理
撬開(kai)膠(jiao)粘的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)者(zhe)熱封的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上(shang)(shang)蓋,露出免維護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)排氣(qi)閥(fa),小心拆下(xia)排氣(qi)閥(fa),觀察(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內部情(qing)況。檢查是否由黑(hei)(hei)色雜質(zhi),如果(guo)有(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)黑(hei)(hei)色渾濁(zhuo)雜質(zhi),說(shuo)明(ming)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)正極板已(yi)經明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)軟化,電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池修好的(de)(de)(de)可(ke)能性比(bi)較小。如果(guo)沒有(you)黑(hei)(hei)色渾濁(zhuo)雜質(zhi),需(xu)要(yao)等(deng)待4小時(shi)以后,水充分深入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池。同(tong)時(shi),給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池加含(han)0.1%~0.5%的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液,到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池上(shang)(shang)面剛好有(you)流動的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)(jie)液。如果(guo)僅(jin)僅(jin)是因(yin)為停用時(shi)間較長而引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)下(xia)降,不需(xu)要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)本步(bu)驟操作,直接(jie)進(jin)入下(xia)面預充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
3、對電池進行恒壓限流充電
一(yi)般采用0.1c~0.25c電(dian)(dian)(dian)流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),到(dao)(dao)16.2v以(yi)后(hou),通過(guo)降低電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)方法,維持(chi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,一(yi)直到(dao)(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流下降到(dao)(dao)0.03c的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,停止充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)后(hou),觀察電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)內部是否還有(you)游(you)離(li)(li)分(fen)子(zi),如果(guo)沒有(you),需要補(bu)0.1%的(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)液(ye),一(yi)直到(dao)(dao)出現少(shao)許游(you)離(li)(li)分(fen)子(zi)。如果(guo)每(mei)個單格里都有(you)游(you)離(li)(li)分(fen)子(zi),用傾倒(dao)和吸(xi)管(guan)吸(xi)出可見到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)游(you)離(li)(li)分(fen)子(zi),使電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)處于準貧液(ye)狀(zhuang)態。注意,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候,會有(you)氣(qi)體帶著電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)從排氣(qi)孔中溢(yi)出,為了(le)不(bu)污(wu)染環境,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)應該(gai)放到(dao)(dao)特定的(de)(de)(de)容器中。
充電(dian)(dian)結(jie)束以(yi)后,電(dian)(dian)池靜止(zhi)半小時以(yi)后,測量電(dian)(dian)池的開路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)應該在12v以(yi)上,如果電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)于12v,特別是(shi)低(di)于10.8v,電(dian)(dian)池可能(neng)有(you)內短路,該電(dian)(dian)池已(yi)經沒有(you)維修(xiu)價值(zhi)。
4、蓄電池修復
連接修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)儀的正負輸出(chu)到電池的正負極(ji)柱上(shang),開啟修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)儀,對電池進行修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)。首次(ci)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)(fu)時間應該不低于48小時。
5、容量測試
給電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)按照(zhao)0.1c電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian),記錄放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間。其放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流乘(cheng)以(yi)(yi)時(shi)間的(de)(de)小時(shi)數,就是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)修(xiu)復(fu)的(de)(de)容量(liang)(liang)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)到(dao)標稱容量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)70%以(yi)(yi)上,結束修(xiu)復(fu)。如果容量(liang)(liang)沒(mei)有達到(dao)70%的(de)(de)標稱容量(liang)(liang),繼續(xu)按照(zhao)步(bu)驟(zou)3充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)繼續(xu)修(xiu)復(fu),一般,超期存貯一年的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)需(xu)要(yao)進行二(er)次修(xiu)復(fu),才可(ke)以(yi)(yi)恢復(fu)到(dao)超期存貯以(yi)(yi)前的(de)(de)狀態。