短吻舌鰨主要分布(bu)于我(wo)國的黃海、渤海、東海等(deng)海域(yu)。
短吻舌鰨背鰭條108~110。臀鰭條85~88。側線鱗75~80。脊椎骨45。體長為(wei)體高的4.5~5.0倍,為頭長(chang)的4.4~4.8倍。頭長為吻長的2.9~2.6倍,為眼(yan)徑的10.5~13.0倍,為眼間距(ju)的14.0~16.0倍。
短(duan)吻(wen)舌鰨體窄(zhai)長,側(ce)扁。頭(tou)較短(duan),頭(tou)長與(yu)頭(tou)高約(yue)相(xiang)(xiang)等。吻(wen)鈍尖,吻(wen)鉤(gou)末端約(yue)達(da)有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)側(ce)前(qian)鼻(bi)(bi)孔的下(xia)(xia)方(fang)。口窄(zhai)小,口裂略呈半月形,伸達(da)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后下(xia)(xia)方(fang)。有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)側(ce)兩頜(he)無齒,無眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)側(ce)兩頜(he)齒呈絨毛狀。兩眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)相(xiang)(xiang)距甚(shen)近(jin),上眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)較下(xia)(xia)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)稍(shao)前(qian)位。眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)間隔平,被小櫛鱗。有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)側(ce)前(qian)鼻(bi)(bi)孔位于上唇緣上方(fang),后鼻(bi)(bi)孔位于兩眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)前(qian)緣之間。鰓孔窄(zhai)。媳蓋膜相(xiang)(xiang)愈合,不與(yu)峽部(bu)相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)。鰓耙細小。體兩側(ce)均被大櫛鱗,有(you)(you)眼(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)側(ce)有(you)(you)3條例線,上(shang)中側線間(jian)均具12~13鱗,無(wu)限側無(wu)側線。腹(fu)膜灰白色。無(wu)鰾。腸短。背鰭(qi)(qi)臀鰭(qi)(qi)與(yu)尾鰭(qi)(qi)相連(lian)。無(wu)胸鰭(qi)(qi)。有眼(yan)側腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)與(yu)臀鰭(qi)(qi)相連(lian),無(wu)眼(yan)側無(wu)腹(fu)鰭(qi)(qi)。尾鰭(qi)(qi)尖形。有眼(yan)側體(ti)褐色,無(wu)眼(yan)側體(ti)為白色。
短吻舌鰨為入河口近海(hai)底(di)層小(xiao)型魚類,棲(qi)息(xi)于泥沙質(zhi)海(hai)底(di),以小(xiao)魚、小(xiao)蝦(xia)、軟體動物為食物,產卵期4月,卵(luan)浮性。