山(shan)東煎餅(bing),傳統特色面(mian)食。源于山(shan)東泰山(shan)。現代(dai)煎餅(bing)制作方法(fa)的創制年代(dai)難(nan)以考(kao)證,但“煎餅(bing)”一詞的使(shi)用 山(shan)東煎餅(bing)可以追溯(su)到很早以前(qian)。相傳孟姜女哭(ku)長(chang)城,所(suo)帶(dai)食物即煎餅(bing)。
清代(dai)蒲松齡《煎餅(bing)賦》:“溲含(han)米豆,磨如膠餳,扒(ba)須(xu)兩(liang)歧之(zhi)勢,鏊為(wei)鼎(ding)足(zu)之(zhi)形(xing),掬瓦盆之(zhi)一(yi)勺,經火烙而滂(pang),乃急(ji)手而左旋,如磨上之(zhi)蟻行,黃白忽變,斯須(xu)而成,‘卒律葛答’,乘此熱鐺(dang),一(yi)翻手而覆(fu)手,作十百于俄頃(qing),圓于望(wang)月,大(da)如銅(tong)錚(zheng),薄似剡溪之(zhi)紙,色如黃鶴之(zhi)翎(ling),此煎餅(bing)之(zhi)定制也。
山東(dong)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing),形似荷葉,薄軟如紙,香氣撲鼻,味(wei)(wei)美適(shi)口(kou)。煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)上(shang)攤上(shang)雞蛋,軟嫩鮮香,別有(you)風味(wei)(wei)。天津也有(you)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)果(guo)子,做法相似,但用的是綠豆面,味(wei)(wei)道(dao)也很好。山東(dong)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)原料(liao)由五谷雜糧精細研磨(mo)而成,既不是純(chun)細糧,也不是純(chun)粗糧,營養(yang)豐富,便于人(ren)消(xiao)化,因為做煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)的原料(liao)都帶皮殼,含粗纖維多,對消(xiao)化很有(you)幫助,是城市(shi)居民讓人(ren)擔(dan)憂(you)健(jian)康狀況的一劑良方。
1、磨制面糊
把(ba)麥子(zi)、高梁、玉米(mi)、谷子(zi)、地(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)等(deng)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)淘洗(xi)、浸(jin)泡(pao)(pao),然(ran)后磨(mo)成糊(hu)狀物,俗(su)稱(cheng)“煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)糊(hu)子(zi)”。有(you)些地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)在(zai)(zai)磨(mo)制面糊(hu)前,兌(dui)入(ru)三分(fen)(fen)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)或(huo)一(yi)(yi)半的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“熟料(liao)(liao)”(即先行煮(zhu)到八九成熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)(fen)原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)),俗(su)稱(cheng)“對半子(zi)”,“對半子(zi)”后磨(mo)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面糊(hu)容易攤制,攤出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)也(ye)柔軟好吃(chi)。有(you)些地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)把(ba)地(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)在(zai)(zai)磨(mo)制成面后,要(yao)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)浸(jin)泡(pao)(pao),把(ba)地(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)面里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黑水(shui)浸(jin)出(chu)。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)直接浸(jin)泡(pao)(pao),這(zhe)個(ge)細做(zuo)可(ke)是麻煩之(zhi)至。地(di)(di)(di)瓜(gua)干(gan)要(yao)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)里泡(pao)(pao)一(yi)(yi)天左右,等(deng)到水(shui)分(fen)(fen)將其徹底(di)化后,就(jiu)用(yong)(yong)刀將其剁(duo)碎(sui)。然(ran)后同泡(pao)(pao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玉米(mi)混(hun)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)水(shui)磨(mo)上(shang)磨(mo)成糊(hu)。而(er)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)過程很費時(shi)費力。水(shui)磨(mo)為顆(ke)粒粗大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓型花崗巖磨(mo)盤(pan)制成,有(you)上(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)塊疊在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)起(qi)(qi)。盤(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)接觸面上(shang)都鑿出(chu)了(le)條紋以增加研磨(mo)和排(pai)糊(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力。上(shang)片磨(mo)片上(shang)開(kai)了(le)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)小洞,可(ke)以將料(liao)(liao)混(hun)著水(shui)一(yi)(yi)勺一(yi)(yi)勺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加入(ru)。推動(dong)(dong)上(shang)片磨(mo)盤(pan)就(jiu)可(ke)以將料(liao)(liao)碾碎(sui),從(cong)上(shang)下磨(mo)片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)縫里流出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是做(zuo)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)糊(hu)。推磨(mo)可(ke)以用(yong)(yong)馬、牛或(huo)驢等(deng)牲口,那(nei)是在(zai)(zai)解放(fang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)主家才(cai)能用(yong)(yong),普通(tong)人(ren)家也(ye)只(zhi)有(you)人(ren)推。小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)盤(pan)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)人(ren)推就(jiu)行。可(ke)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)要(yao)三四個(ge)人(ren)才(cai)能推動(dong)(dong)。普遍采用(yong)(yong)機磨(mo)。一(yi)(yi)般是頭天晚(wan)上(shang)磨(mo)制面糊(hu),第二天一(yi)(yi)早開(kai)始架鏊(ao)子(zi)、生火、攤煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)。
2、架設鏊子
架(jia)設鏊(ao)子(zi)的過程可(ke)(ke)簡可(ke)(ke)繁。簡單的架(jia)設方(fang)法直接用(yong)(yong)三塊磚把鏊(ao)子(zi)撐起來就(jiu)可(ke)(ke);復雜的做法是用(yong)(yong)硬泥糊成一(yi)個爐灶,用(yong)(yong)風(feng)箱鼓風(feng)。鏊(ao)子(zi)架(jia)設好(hao)后(hou)即可(ke)(ke)生火。農村一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)玉米(mi)秸或麥秸作(zuo)為柴(chai)禾。生火與(yu)攤(tan)制(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)餅(bing)往往是兩個人合作(zuo)。鏊(ao)子(zi)燒熱后(hou),就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以攤(tan)制(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)餅(bing)或滾制(zhi)(zhi)煎(jian)餅(bing)了。
3、攤制煎餅
攤(tan)(tan)制(zhi)之前,往往先用(yong)(yong)油擦在(zai)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)面(mian)擦一(yi)(yi)遍油,既去掉了鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雜(za)物,也使得(de)烙熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)容易(yi)與鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)分離。當(dang)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)燒熱(re)以(yi)后(hou),可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)勺(shao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)舀上(shang)一(yi)(yi)勺(shao)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)糊放到鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang),用(yong)(yong)耙(pa)子(zi)(zi)(zi)沿(yan)著(zhu)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)攤(tan)(tan)一(yi)(yi)圈。由于(yu)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)糊所(suo)(suo)到之處就(jiu)(jiu)迅速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)被凝固一(yi)(yi)層,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)所(suo)(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)。沒有凝固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)(jiu)被竹(zhu)劈子(zi)(zi)(zi)(由于(yu)使用(yong)(yong)起(qi)來(lai)比較(jiao)困難,年輕(qing)人學習(xi)不會,后(hou)來(lai)逐(zhu)漸被耙(pa)子(zi)(zi)(zi)所(suo)(suo)代替)帶著(zhu)向前走,重復這一(yi)(yi)過(guo)程直到整(zheng)個(ge)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)攤(tan)(tan)滿。耙(pa)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)短(duan)正好(hao)等(deng)于(yu)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)半徑,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)耙(pa)子(zi)(zi)(zi)繞(rao)場一(yi)(yi)周,煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)就(jiu)(jiu)成。為(wei)(wei)了煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)質量更好(hao),在(zai)上(shang)層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)糊還沒有完全凝固煎(jian)(jian)熟(shu)之前,用(yong)(yong)一(yi)(yi)塊木(mu)板(ban)(稱為(wei)(wei)刮批)在(zai)上(shang)面(mian)刮一(yi)(yi)下(xia),可以(yi)使上(shang)面(mian)平整(zheng)和厚度均勻(yun)。因為(wei)(wei)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)很薄,很容易(yi)熟(shu),這一(yi)(yi)過(guo)要(yao)非常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快,也就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)二三十秒鐘,否(fou)則就(jiu)(jiu)會焦了。待(dai)成熟(shu)以(yi)后(hou),需要(yao)及時用(yong)(yong)鏟子(zi)(zi)(zi)沿(yan)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)邊沿(yan)把攤(tan)(tan)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)搶起(qi)揭(jie)下(xia)。煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)以(yi)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)而(er)定,直徑一(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)半米到80厘米之間。攤(tan)(tan)在(zai)鏊(ao)(ao)(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)面(mian)糊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)少決定了煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)厚度,水(shui)平高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人可以(yi)攤(tan)(tan)制(zhi)出(chu)非常薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)來(lai)。攤(tan)(tan)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)非常講究技術和火候。
滾制(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)“滾制(zhi)”一般(ban)是用來制(zhi)作質地較(jiao)差的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),大部分(fen)(fen)是地瓜干或玉米為原料(liao)的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。將面在(zai)(zai)面盆內活成面團(tuan)(tuan)。鏊子(zi)燒熱后(hou),雙手抱面團(tuan)(tuan)在(zai)(zai)鏊子(zi)上均勻的滾動一圈,面就(jiu)(jiu)在(zai)(zai)鏊子(zi)上留下(xia)薄薄一層面團(tuan)(tuan)的痕(hen)跡,這層痕(hen)跡烙熟揭下(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)是煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)了。這樣(yang)的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)比(bi)較(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)。這種制(zhi)作方法制(zhi)作的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)比(bi)較(jiao)松散,不(bu)好控制(zhi)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)厚(hou)(hou)度。厚(hou)(hou)度跟面粉(fen)磨的粗細(xi)有(you)關(guan),粗面粉(fen)相對就(jiu)(jiu)厚(hou)(hou),細(xi)面粉(fen)就(jiu)(jiu)薄。往(wang)往(wang)放(fang)(fang)到旁邊的蓋(gai)墊上,然后(hou)一張張煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)摞起來。剛(gang)從鏊子(zi)上揭下(xia)的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)很柔(rou)軟(ruan),可以(yi)折(zhe)疊成長方形,放(fang)(fang)到甕(weng)里存放(fang)(fang)。晾涼后(hou)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)變得薄而脆,由于(yu)加熱過程中出去了大量水分(fen)(fen),煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)可以(yi)在(zai)(zai)常溫下(xia)保(bao)存很長時間,在(zai)(zai)過去是出門遠(yuan)行的必備(bei)食品(pin)。
大型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鏊子,就(jiu)象大型(xing)絞車的(de)(de)(de)(de)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong),在(zai)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)里面燒(shao)火,將(jiang)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)外面燒(shao)熱,滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)不停的(de)(de)(de)(de)緩緩轉(zhuan)動,面糊(hu)就(jiu)在(zai)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)半(ban)徑上外側均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)撒,隨滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)動就(jiu)均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)撒滿了滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)同寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)薄薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)層(ceng)面糊(hu),滾(gun)(gun)(gun)(gun)筒(tong)轉(zhuan)過半(ban)周也就(jiu)將(jiang)撒在(zai)上面的(de)(de)(de)(de)面糊(hu)煎熟了,在(zai)此處揭下來。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)煎餅是長長的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)張(zhang),就(jiu)象卷好待賣的(de)(de)(de)(de)布匹(pi)。這(zhe)種煎餅就(jiu)沒有手(shou)工(gong)攤的(de)(de)(de)(de)好吃了。
半機械化的(de)(de)是(shi)鏊子旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)的(de)(de),有的(de)(de)是(shi)手(shou)(shou)動(dong)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan),有的(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)機帶動(dong)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)。燒的(de)(de)是(shi)蜂(feng)窩煤。其他和攤(tan)(tan)制相同,一般直(zhi)徑在150厘米(mi)。好的(de)(de)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)要(yao)(yao)(yao)薄如蟬(chan)翼,厚度均勻。這(zhe)不(bu)但要(yao)(yao)(yao)求煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)糊磨得要(yao)(yao)(yao)細,稀稠適當,重要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)還在于攤(tan)(tan)。攤(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)時候手(shou)(shou)要(yao)(yao)(yao)麻(ma)利,火(huo)候還要(yao)(yao)(yao)適當。鏊子連(lian)續使(shi)用四五小時,要(yao)(yao)(yao)停下來涼(liang)一涼(liang),不(bu)然煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)就攤(tan)(tan)不(bu)成了,這(zhe)是(shi)為什么沒有人解釋(shi)清(qing),但是(shi)必(bi)須這(zhe)樣做(zuo)。攤(tan)(tan)煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)往往是(shi)家庭主婦的(de)(de)活(huo)兒,在山(shan)東過去要(yao)(yao)(yao)考察新媳婦會(hui)(hui)不(bu)會(hui)(hui)做(zuo)活(huo)兒,只要(yao)(yao)(yao)攤(tan)(tan)一次煎(jian)(jian)餅(bing)就可以知(zhi)道。
剛剛從鏊子上揭下的(de)(de)(de)煎餅(bing)很(hen)(hen)柔軟,可(ke)以將其(qi)卷成(cheng)煎餅(bing)卷來(lai)(lai)吃(chi),所以才有煎餅(bing)“卷”一(yi)說。剛剛冷卻的(de)(de)(de)煎餅(bing)由于(yu)失去水(shui)分(fen)會很(hen)(hen)干,但煎餅(bing)往(wang)往(wang)是疊在一(yi)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de),漸漸又會返潮而變得(de)柔軟,上面蓋上布就會可(ke)以長期保持。待吃(chi)時,只(zhi)要揭一(yi)張(zhang)就成(cheng),非常方(fang)便。后(hou)來(lai)(lai),在濟南出(chu)了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)煎餅(bing),象糕點一(yi)樣用紙包好(hao)。那種(zhong)(zhong)煎餅(bing)味(wei)道甜甜的(de)(de)(de)更象糕點,不象煎餅(bing)。更不能容忍(ren)的(de)(de)(de)是這種(zhong)(zhong)煎餅(bing)給弄得(de)很(hen)(hen)干很(hen)(hen)酥,不用說卷,就是碰一(yi)下就碎(sui)了(le)。顯然是把(ba)“桃酥”的(de)(de)(de)質量指(zhi)標(biao)硬用到煎餅(bing)的(de)(de)(de)質量控制上了(le)。
要(yao)(yao)做(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)市(shi)面認可的上(shang)乘煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing),必(bi)須(xu)(xu)在(zai)選料配料和(he)做(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)上(shang)下(xia)工(gong)夫。譬如(ru)(ru)說玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)吧,并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是什么品種(zhong)(zhong)都能用的,最好(hao)(hao)的是有(you)(you)“油性”的“小(xiao)粒黃”和(he)“小(xiao)粒紅”,小(xiao)米(mi)(mi)須(xu)(xu)是春谷,夏谷(也(ye)叫(jiao)晚(wan)谷)糠多(duo)米(mi)(mi)少,發(fa)(fa)柴(方言,意思是干(gan)而(er)無味)。特制的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)還要(yao)(yao)摻上(shang)點(dian)白芝麻(黑芝麻染色,影(ying)響餅(bing)(bing)(bing)色)或精豆粉。再(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)是做(zuo)(zuo)工(gong)要(yao)(yao)精細(xi)。“精細(xi)”人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)會(hui)說,但并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)都能做(zuo)(zuo)得到,肯下(xia)力,還要(yao)(yao)動腦子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。如(ru)(ru)粉碎玉(yu)米(mi)(mi),并非像(xiang)平常那樣,放(fang)進電磨里(li)磨成面就(jiu)(jiu)完(wan)事,還須(xu)(xu)幾道工(gong)序哩。先粗碎,把(ba)(ba)(ba)玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)皮和(he)把(ba)(ba)(ba)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)隔去,再(zai)把(ba)(ba)(ba)其中(zhong)的“浮面”(碎面把(ba)(ba)(ba)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi))篩(shai)去。把(ba)(ba)(ba)原料磨成面粉后(hou),“兌糝子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”也(ye)有(you)(you)講究,開水兌多(duo)少,涼水兌多(duo)少,都要(yao)(yao)按比例。磨糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能用一(yi)般的磨,須(xu)(xu)是精細(xi)的磨。糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)要(yao)(yao)掌握“火候”和(he)方法。傳統的做(zuo)(zuo)法是自然發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao),發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)的糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)好(hao)(hao)攤,煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)粘,容易保存,美中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)足的是,這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)吃起來(lai)略有(you)(you)酸味,再(zai)說,自然發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)費(fei)時(shi),冬(dong)天(tian)還要(yao)(yao)生火加溫,發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)的“火候”也(ye)難掌握。好(hao)(hao)處是不(bu)(bu)(bu)但糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)快,做(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)無酸味,而(er)且吃起來(lai)還有(you)(you)一(yi)股香(xiang)甜味。過去做(zuo)(zuo)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)一(yi)般是用煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)筢子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)把(ba)(ba)(ba)糊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)均勻(yun)地攤在(zai)鏊子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)待熟后(hou)揭(jie)下(xia)就(jiu)(jiu)算完(wan)成。快速(su)地用“竹刮(gua)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”在(zai)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)上(shang)來(lai)回(hui)刮(gua)壓。刮(gua)出(chu)(chu)的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)餅(bing)(bing)(bing)面勻(yun)稱,晶(jing)瑩透亮,保存的時(shi)間(jian)更(geng)長。一(yi)個直徑半(ban)米(mi)(mi)多(duo)的煎(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)(bing)(bing),放(fang)到稱上(shang)竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到半(ban)兩重,可知其薄(bo)得程度(du)。
傳說(shuo)煎餅是諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮發明的。諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮輔佐劉備(bei)之初(chu),兵微將(jiang)寡,常(chang)被曹兵追殺(sha),一次(ci)被圍(wei)在沂(yi)(yi)河、湅河之間(jian),鍋灶盡失,而將(jiang)士(shi)饑餓困(kun)乏(fa),又不能造飯,諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮便讓伙夫(fu)以(yi)水和(he)玉米面(應該為其他(ta)谷類,三國時期玉米還(huan)未(wei)從美(mei)洲(zhou)引入(ru)中國)為漿,將(jiang)金(銅(tong)鑼)置火上(shang)(shang),用木棍將(jiang)米漿攤平,煎出香噴噴的薄餅,將(jiang)士(shi)食后士(shi)氣大(da)振,殺(sha)出重圍(wei),當地(di)(di)人也(ye)習得此(ci)法做食,但銅(tong)鑼昂貴,且易開裂,人們(men)便以(yi)鐵制成鑼狀的煎餅烙。從此(ci)煎餅在沂(yi)(yi)蒙(meng)乃至山東大(da)地(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)流傳至今。
現代煎(jian)餅(bing)制作方法的創制年代難以考證,但“煎(jian)餅(bing)”一詞的使用可以追溯到很(hen)早以前。相傳孟姜女哭長城,所帶食(shi)物即煎(jian)餅(bing)。
1967年(nian)泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)市省莊鎮(zhen)東羊樓(lou)村發現(xian)了明(ming)代(dai)萬(wan)歷年(nian)間(jian)(jian)“分家契約”,其中載有(you)“鏊子一盤,煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)二十三斤”。由于“鏊子”的(de)出現(xian),可(ke)以確知,遲在明(ming)代(dai)萬(wan)歷年(nian)間(jian)(jian),現(xian)代(dai)煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)的(de)制作方法(fa)就已(yi)經(jing)存在。山東煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)源于泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山,已(yi)有(you)一千多年(nian)的(de)歷史。可(ke)知煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)那時已(yi)是泰(tai)(tai)(tai)安(an)民間(jian)(jian)的(de)主食。傳說唐(tang)末(mo)黃(huang)巢起義(yi)軍在泰(tai)(tai)(tai)山駐扎(zha),當(dang)地(di)百姓曾以煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)相送。現(xian)在煎(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)餅(bing)已(yi)經(jing)是魯(lu)南(nan)、魯(lu)西南(nan)等地(di)普遍(bian)、具特色的(de)食物了。
清代(dai)蒲松(song)齡《煎(jian)餅(bing)賦(fu)》:“溲(sou)含(han)米豆,磨如(ru)膠餳,扒(ba)須(xu)兩(liang)歧之(zhi)勢,鏊為鼎足之(zhi)形,掬瓦盆之(zhi)一勺,經火烙而滂,乃急手而左(zuo)旋,如(ru)磨上之(zhi)蟻行,黃(huang)白(bai)忽變,斯須(xu)而成(cheng),‘卒(zu)律葛答’,乘(cheng)此(ci)(ci)熱鐺(dang),一翻手而覆手,作十百于俄頃,圓于望月,大(da)如(ru)銅錚(zheng),薄似剡溪之(zhi)紙,色如(ru)黃(huang)鶴之(zhi)翎,此(ci)(ci)煎(jian)餅(bing)之(zhi)定制(zhi)(zhi)也。……若易之(zhi)以莜屑,則如(ru)秋練(lian)之(zhi)輝(hui)騰;雜(za)之(zhi)以蜀黍,如(ru)西山日落返照而霞(xia)蒸……或拭(shi)鵝脂,或假(jia)豚膏,三五(wu)重疊,炙烤。成(cheng)焦,味松(song)酥而爽口,香四散而遠(yuan)飄(piao)。”可見魯中(zhong)地(di)區在清初制(zhi)(zhi)作各類煎(jian)餅(bing)已相當普及,煎(jian)餅(bing)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)作已具備(bei)相當的(de)技(ji)術(shu)。
蘇北地區的(de)(de)(de)方言和生(sheng)活習俗接近山東(dong)(dong),而(er)同蘇南則相去甚遠(yuan)。實際上也不是(shi)山東(dong)(dong)所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)地方都吃(chi)煎(jian)(jian)餅,可以肯定的(de)(de)(de)說煎(jian)(jian)餅是(shi)山東(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)代表食物。現在(zai)看來也是(shi)一個很有(you)代表性的(de)(de)(de)民族產品(pin)。
烙(luo)煎餅的(de)(de)工具主要有(you)三(san)件(jian):一是鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),鐵制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),圓形(xing),有(you)大、中(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)三(san)種(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)號(hao)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)直(zhi)徑(jing)65厘米左右(you),中(zhong)(zhong)心稍凸,下(xia)有(you)三(san)足,其下(xia)用(yong)(yong)(yong)柴草或煤炭(tan)加熱(re),上(shang)面(mian)即可烙(luo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)煎餅。鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是烙(luo)煎餅的(de)(de)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)工具,《康(kang)熙字典》有(you)“鏊(ao)”字條,唐人《朝野(ye)僉(qian)載》中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)“熟(shu)鏊(ao)上(shang)猢猻”語,可知煎餅的(de)(de)歷史之(zhi)悠久。二是手持用(yong)(yong)(yong)來推動(dong)糊(hu)(hu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)工具,當地人叫“篪子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)”,木制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)板狀弧(hu)形(xing),有(you)柄。把糊(hu)(hu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)放在熱(re)鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)上(shang)后,用(yong)(yong)(yong)篪子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)左右(you)推攤,糊(hu)(hu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)便(bian)薄薄地攤在鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)面(mian)上(shang)。也(ye)有(you)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)筢子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),還有(you)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“竹劈”,作用(yong)(yong)(yong)相(xiang)同,但烙(luo)出來的(de)(de)煎餅卻各有(you)特點。三(san)是油擦子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),群眾呼(hu)為油褡子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),是用(yong)(yong)(yong)十(shi)幾(ji)層布縫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)方形(xing)擦子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),上(shang)面(mian)滲著食油,用(yong)(yong)(yong)來擦鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi),為防(fang)煎餅粘(zhan)連鏊(ao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)揭不下(xia)來。
煎(jian)餅(bing)的(de)吃(chi)(chi)法,一般都要用煎(jian)餅(bing)卷(juan)(juan)豆腐,卷(juan)(juan)海帶絲,卷(juan)(juan)肉絲,卷(juan)(juan)油條,以及卷(juan)(juan)其他各種各樣(yang)菜肴。只要你能(neng)想到的(de),大(da)概都可以卷(juan)(juan)進去。經典、普遍的(de)吃(chi)(chi)法,當屬煎(jian)餅(bing)卷(juan)(juan)大(da)蔥(cong)了。拿(na)一大(da)塊煎(jian)餅(bing)對折幾下(xia),放上大(da)蔥(cong),抹(mo)上辣的(de)豆瓣醬或面醬,鮮嫩、水靈、味道十足。泰山(shan)人常(chang)卷(juan)(juan)小豆腐、山(shan)野菜、咸魚吃(chi)(chi) !
煎(jian)餅是魯西南地區(qu)的主食(shi)之一(yi),長期以來備受(shou)人(ren)們喜愛,煎(jian)餅中(zhong)間加入韭(jiu)菜、白(bai)菜、小(xiao)瓜(gua)、胡蘿卜、等(deng)蔬菜,配以整辣(la)椒、胡椒、孜然、粉條(tiao)等(deng)佐料(liao)上鍋騰熟,即成營(ying)養(yang)豐富味(wei)道鮮美的菜煎(jian)餅。上市者(zhe)多以熏豆腐為佳(jia)肴飲酒,佐餐(can)。
滕州菜(cai)(cai)煎(jian)(jian)餅由兩張預先(xian)攤烙(luo)好的(de)(de)薄(bo)面餅中(zhong)間夾(jia)著菜(cai)(cai),在鍋上慢慢加(jia)熱而成(cheng)。菜(cai)(cai)放(fang)在一(yi)旁,有白菜(cai)(cai)、粉(fen)條、豆腐、蘿卜、小瓜(gua)、韭菜(cai)(cai)等(deng)素菜(cai)(cai),根據客人要(yao)求(qiu)可(ke)以再(zai)加(jia)雞蛋(dan)、火腿腸、或(huo)者任意能放(fang)的(de)(de)東西。每種菜(cai)(cai)裝在一(yi)個(ge)小盆里(li)(li)面。這是快(kuai)做好的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)煎(jian)(jian)餅。有一(yi)點點象比薩。吃(chi)起來,外焦里(li)(li)軟,香(xiang)氣撲鼻,熱氣騰(teng)騰(teng),相當的(de)(de)美味。加(jia)了一(yi)個(ge)雞蛋(dan)的(de)(de)菜(cai)(cai)煎(jian)(jian)餅,才花不(bu)到五元錢,可(ke)以說是很劃算的(de)(de)。滕州菜(cai)(cai)煎(jian)(jian)餅缺點是吃(chi)起來比較干,如果有飲料或(huo)湯(tang),就(jiu)幾近完(wan)美了。
有(you)句俗話說:棒子(zi)(zi)(玉米)煎(jian)餅卷(juan)辣(la)椒,既解(jie)饞來(lai)又上膘,還治感冒(mao)(mao)和發(fa)燒(shao)。這(zhe)話說來(lai)并不(bu)(bu)夸張。摘了幾個(ge)青辣(la)椒,放在火上一(yi)(yi)烤,接著抓把鹽一(yi)(yi)并放進蒜窩里。搗(dao)碎(sui)了,又倒點香油。然后在煎(jian)餅里抹(mo)上厚厚的一(yi)(yi)層(ceng)。津津有(you)味地吃起來(lai)。頭(tou)上就(jiu)(jiu)冒(mao)(mao)汗了,嘴(zui)里直唏唏,就(jiu)(jiu)是不(bu)(bu)舍(she)得放下。肯(ken)定說解(jie)饞,說帶勁(jing)。得出了結論(lun):怪不(bu)(bu)得滕州(zhou)的朋(peng)友豁達(da)豪爽樸素(su)厚道,看來(lai)是吃這(zhe)棒子(zi)(zi)煎(jian)餅卷(juan)辣(la)椒的緣(yuan)故。這(zhe)就(jiu)(jiu)是一(yi)(yi)方(fang)水土養一(yi)(yi)方(fang)人嘛!
在臨沂吃煎餅卷菜還有特別的講(jiang)究(jiu)的:
豬頭肉(rou):半肥瘦的(de)(de)豬頭肉(rou),軟(ruan)糯鮮香。卷(juan)(juan)(juan)在(zai)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)里(li)毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)肥膩,吃(chi)得(de)人(ren)(ren)滿嘴流油(you)。牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)渣:用牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)切(qie)(qie)碎(sui)(sui)、芹(qin)菜切(qie)(qie)碎(sui)(sui),加(jia)蔥姜蒜辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao)花(hua)(hua)椒(jiao)(jiao)暴炒,熱辣(la)生猛。牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)和(he)芹(qin)菜都(dou)是(shi)(shi)能包(bao)住水分(fen)的(de)(de)東(dong)西,卷(juan)(juan)(juan)在(zai)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)里(li),看著(zhu)瓷實,咬著(zhu)卻(que)滋潤,尤其那香氣,怎(zen)么摟也摟不(bu)(bu)(bu)住,簡直是(shi)(shi)透(tou)過(guo)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)往外散。拿(na)牛(niu)(niu)(niu)肉(rou)渣卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)是(shi)(shi)讓人(ren)(ren)吃(chi)著(zhu)順口的(de)(de)。可惜一般人(ren)(ren)家(jia)做不(bu)(bu)(bu)好這菜。方(fang)圓幾十(shi)里(li)地,有家(jia)小(xiao)吃(chi)鋪做這菜出名(ming)。出名(ming)到那鋪子只做這一道菜。你(ni)要(yao)別的(de)(de),絕不(bu)(bu)(bu)伺候(hou)。炸黃花(hua)(hua)魚:小(xiao)黃花(hua)(hua)兒(er),炸的(de)(de)透(tou)骨(gu)酥脆(cui),灑(sa)上椒(jiao)(jiao)鹽(yan)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)。口感絕佳(jia)風味絕佳(jia),這是(shi)(shi)只卷(juan)(juan)(juan)一兩(liang)層(ceng)煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)來吃(chi)的(de)(de)效果(guo),像吃(chi)烤鴨(ya)時(shi)用春(chun)餅(bing)(bing)包(bao)鴨(ya)肉(rou)那樣(yang)。而老臨沂人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)照例要(yao)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)很(hen)多層(ceng),要(yao)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)很(hen)結實,卻(que)也吃(chi)的(de)(de)很(hen)香。各(ge)種(zhong)咸菜:干的(de)(de)濕(shi)的(de)(de)軟(ruan)的(de)(de)硬(ying)的(de)(de)葷的(de)(de)素(su)的(de)(de)都(dou)行,很(hen)硬(ying)派的(de)(de)搭(da)配。辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao):俗話說要(yao)解饞(chan)(chan),辣(la)和(he)咸(山東(dong)話版本(ben)是(shi)(shi):要(yao)拉饞(chan)(chan),椒(jiao)(jiao)子鹽(yan))。油(you)炸干辣(la)椒(jiao)(jiao),撒一把糊鹽(yan),要(yao)是(shi)(shi)有煉豬油(you)剩下的(de)(de)油(you)渣那就更(geng)好了。拿(na)這樣(yang)一個煎(jian)餅(bing)(bing)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)給老沂蒙,那簡直是(shi)(shi)滿漢全席都(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)換。
對臨(lin)沂以外的(de)人來說,關于(yu)煎餅出名(ming)的(de)恐怕還(huan)是(shi)卷(juan)大蔥。但這吃法只是(shi)早(zao)年間(jian)窮時的(de)舊事了。有(you)大肥肉(rou),誰(shui)還(huan)吃蔥啊。
淄博(bo)以博(bo)山煎(jian)餅(bing)為代表。在博(bo)山、淄川、周(zhou)村南(nan)部及張店南(nan)部地區的(de)(de)居民(min)喜吃煎(jian)餅(bing),并有“紅煎(jian)餅(bing)”、“白煎(jian)餅(bing)”之分(fen)。“紅煎(jian)餅(bing)”系用高(gao)粱攤制(zhi)而成,“白煎(jian)餅(bing)”多用玉米(mi)或添加小米(mi)制(zhi)成。與之相伴的(de)(de)副食多具刺激性,大(da)蔥(cong)蘸醬(jiang)、咸菜炒辣椒就成了(le)(le)與大(da)餅(bing)子相配的(de)(de)“就頭”了(le)(le)。博(bo)山的(de)(de)酸煎(jian)餅(bing),周(zhou)村的(de)(de)甜(tian)煎(jian)餅(bing),西河的(de)(de)大(da)煎(jian)餅(bing)等等。
菜煎(jian)餅過(guo)去為(wei)淄(zi)博南部(bu)淄(zi)川、博山等地人民的主(zhu)食,菜煎(jian)餅是(shi)(shi)傳統吃法之(zhi)一(yi),堪為(wei)當地風味一(yi)絕。主(zhu)要(yao)工序是(shi)(shi)拌餡(xian)(xian)和(he)燒烙(luo)(luo)。制作方法是(shi)(shi)先將豆(dou)腐、韭(jiu)菜、粉(fen)條(tiao)(tiao)切碎,加蝦皮、調味品,用花生油炒熟,拌勻成(cheng)餡(xian)(xian),然后將攤(tan)好的煎(jian)餅攤(tan)上(shang)餡(xian)(xian),再折疊成(cheng)方行(xing)、長方形或三角形,在(zai)(zai)鏊子上(shang)煎(jian)烙(luo)(luo)至(zhi)熟呈深黃(huang)色,有(you)內(nei)軟外(wai)脆、菜香撲鼻之(zhi)特(te)色,即可食用。 有(you)的做法主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)小米煎(jian)餅里攤(tan)上(shang)由豆(dou)腐、粉(fen)條(tiao)(tiao)、蝦皮、蔥末、韭(jiu)菜和(he)調味品拌合素餡(xian)(xian)烙(luo)(luo)成(cheng),顧客坐在(zai)(zai)爐邊邊烙(luo)(luo)邊吃,香酥可口。