2.1土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌條(tiao)件(jian) 興安蜜桔分布在興安縣(xian)境內(nei)的河谷平(ping)原、寬(kuan)谷地(di)、由河流(liu)沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)的平(ping)坦(tan)地(di)面以(yi)及丘(qiu)陵地(di)帶等區(qu)域,這(zhe)些區(qu)域的成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)母(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)紅土(tu)母(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)、河流(liu)沖(chong)(chong)積(ji)母(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)主,土(tu)壤(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)地(di)以(yi)壤(rang)土(tu)和中壤(rang)為(wei)主,土(tu)層厚(hou)、土(tu)壤(rang)理化性狀(zhuang)好(hao),有機質(zhi)(zhi)含量高,PH值5.5~6.5之間,土(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)非(fei)常適合發展興安蜜桔生產。
2.2水文(wen)條件 興安縣海拔較高,森林植被率達(da)62.2%,境內水系發(fa)達(da),溪河遍布,水量充沛,湘江、漓江均(jun)(jun)發(fa)源(yuan)于(yu)此。保護區域(yu)范圍內水源(yuan)均(jun)(jun)未受工業污染,水質均(jun)(jun)符(fu)合國家有關標準,為興安蜜(mi)桔的生長提供(gong)優質水源(yuan)。
2.3氣(qi)候條件 興安(an)蜜桔保護地(di)域范圍(wei)(wei)地(di)處中亞熱(re)帶濕(shi)潤季(ji)風氣(qi)候區,雨(yu)熱(re)資源豐富(fu),雨(yu)熱(re)同步特(te)(te)點明顯。該范圍(wei)(wei)內氣(qi)溫(wen)適宜,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)17.5℃,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)無霜(shuang)期293d,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照1459.51h;雨(yu)量(liang)充(chong)沛(pei),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)1814.6mm,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)空氣(qi)相對濕(shi)度79%。興安(an)蜜桔保護地(di)域范圍(wei)(wei)所(suo)處的(de)(de)“湘桂走廊”,西北、東南兩向分別(bie)有(you)越城嶺(ling)山(shan)系(xi)、都龐嶺(ling)山(shan)系(xi)對來至于北方的(de)(de)寒冷氣(qi)流和南方的(de)(de)暖濕(shi)氣(qi)流均(jun)(jun)(jun)有(you)一定(ding)阻隔作用,特(te)(te)別(bie)是在興安(an)蜜桔果實膨大的(de)(de)秋冬季(ji)節形成了相對穩(wen)定(ding)的(de)(de)小氣(qi)候,同時該地(di)域范圍(wei)(wei)所(suo)處緯度區域晝夜溫(wen)差較(jiao)大,有(you)利(li)于興安(an)蜜桔生長及有(you)機物質積累,容易形成興安(an)蜜桔獨(du)特(te)(te)的(de)(de)品質。
興(xing)安蜜桔(jie)農產品(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標志地(di)(di)域(yu)保護范(fan)(fan)圍位于(yu)廣西壯族自治區(qu)興(xing)安縣所轄的溶江鎮(zhen)(zhen)、嚴關縝、興(xing)安鎮(zhen)(zhen)、湘漓鎮(zhen)(zhen)、界首鎮(zhen)(zhen)、漠(mo)川鄉(xiang)、崔家(jia)鄉(xiang)、白石(shi)鄉(xiang)、華江鄉(xiang)、高(gao)尚(shang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)等10個鎮(zhen)(zhen)(鄉(xiang))共117個行政村(社區(qu))。保護范(fan)(fan)圍地(di)(di)理(li)坐標為東經110°14′~110°56′之間(jian),北緯25°18′~26°55′。興(xing)安蜜桔(jie)保護面積(ji)6700hm,保護產量200000t。
4.1外觀感(gan)官特(te)征 興安蜜桔(jie)果(guo)實大小均勻、適中,單果(guo)重(zhong)25g~40g,果(guo)形(xing)扁(bian)圓,皮薄,橙黃色有光(guang)澤(ze),油泡小而密(mi),平生或(huo)微(wei)凹。
4.2內在品質指標(biao) 果肉(rou)汁多(duo),風味濃,酸甜(tian)可(ke)口,香氣醇厚,種子1粒~2粒或無核。可(ke)食率≥75%;可(ke)溶性固形(xing)物含(han)(han)量(liang)≥13%,總(zong)(zong)糖含(han)(han)量(liang)≥10g/100g,總(zong)(zong)酸含(han)(han)量(liang)≤0.6g/100g,維生素C含(han)(han)量(liang)≥20mg/100g。
4.3安全(quan)(quan)要求 興安縣蜜桔安全(quan)(quan)指標必須符合GB2762食品安全(quan)(quan)國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)食品中污染物限(xian)量、GB2763食品安全(quan)(quan)國(guo)家(jia)標準(zhun)食品中農藥最大(da)殘留限(xian)量等標準(zhun)的要求。
3.1產地選擇 興安(an)蜜桔選擇在土(tu)壤疏松、土(tu)層深厚(hou)、通(tong)透性(xing)能好、保(bao)肥保(bao)水性(xing)能好的沖(chong)積土(tu)、礫石土(tu)、紅(hong)壤土(tu)等土(tu)種,土(tu)壤PH值在5.5~6.5之間,背風向陽的緩坡園地建園。
3.2品種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇 興安蜜桔選(xuan)擇適宜當地種(zhong)(zhong)植且在農業部門注冊登記的蜜桔品種(zhong)(zhong),必須是(shi)無病健康的種(zhong)(zhong)苗。目前(qian)以南豐蜜桔優(you)選(xuan)品種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主。
3.3生產(chan)過程中管理
3.3.1栽(zai)植時間 興安蜜桔(jie)春季、秋冬季都(dou)可進行栽(zai)植,以春植最好(hao)。春植:2月~4月;秋冬種(zhong)植:10月~11月,霜凍之前(qian)栽(zai)植。
3.3.2種(zhong)植密度 株行距為(wei)2.5m×4m或3m×4m,按667m2栽植55株~66株,規模(mo)連片種(zhong)植為(wei)宜(yi)。
3.3土(tu)壤管理 3.3.1擴穴(xue)改土(tu) 宜在(zai)每年冬季或早春進(jin)行,旱地果園以(yi)樹冠大小為度,從樹冠外圍滴(di)水(shui)線起(qi)向(xiang)外開長1m~1.5m的溝(gou),寬(kuan)0.3m~0.4m,深(shen)(shen)0.4m~0.6m,水(shui)田深(shen)(shen)為0.1~0.2m為宜,并逐年向(xiang)外擴展。回填(tian)時以(yi)綠肥(fei)(fei)、秸桿或腐熟的人畜糞肥(fei)(fei)、堆(dui)肥(fei)(fei)、餅肥(fei)(fei)等,表(biao)土(tu)放(fang)在(zai)最底層,粗肥(fei)(fei)放(fang)下部(bu)(bu),精(jing)肥(fei)(fei)放(fang)中上部(bu)(bu),精(jing)肥(fei)(fei)與土(tu)壤混合均勻,心土(tu)放(fang)在(zai)表(biao)層。
3.3.2行間套種(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)物或(huo)留(liu)草(cao)種(zhong)植(zhi) 選擇淺根、矮桿(gan)的豆科作(zuo)(zuo)物和禾(he)本科牧(mu)草(cao),適時修(xiu)割覆蓋果盤。
3.3.3中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)與培土(tu)(tu) 中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)宜在(zai)春、夏季(ji)(ji)進行(xing),每年中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)1次~2次,保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)壤疏(shu)松,中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)深度為8cm~15cm,坡嶺宜稍深,水田宜稍淺。雨季(ji)(ji)不宜中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)。 培土(tu)(tu)宜在(zai)冬季(ji)(ji)或早春進行(xing),可結合(he)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)進行(xing),主要將箱溝土(tu)(tu)壤培到(dao)箱面(mian),厚度5cm~8cm。
3.4施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei) 3.4.1施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原則 主施(shi)(shi)、多施(shi)(shi)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei),合理(li)施(shi)(shi)無機肥(fei)(fei),提倡葉片營養診斷配(pei)方施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)。
3.4.2 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)方法 采用環(huan)狀溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)、條溝(gou)(gou)施(shi)(shi)、撒施(shi)(shi)等方法。在樹冠(guan)滴水(shui)線(xian)外挖環(huan)狀溝(gou)(gou)或(huo)條溝(gou)(gou),寬20cm~25cm,深度20cm~40cm。東西、南北對(dui)稱(cheng)輪換(huan)位置施(shi)(shi)肥(fei),布設有微噴(pen)或(huo)滴灌設施(shi)(shi)的果園宜進行液體肥(fei)追施(shi)(shi)。
3.4.3 葉面追肥 在不(bu)同的生(sheng)(sheng)長發育期,選用不(bu)同種類的微量元素(su)葉肥噴施。春(chun)梢(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)長期、花期、幼果生(sheng)(sheng)長期以噴施硼、鋅、鎂、鈣為主(zhu),其他時期缺(que)什么補(bu)什么。
3.5 整形修剪(jian)
3.5.1適宜(yi)的樹形 自(zi)然圓(yuan)頭形培育,在(zai)主干高30cm~50cm,配(pei)置3個(ge)~4個(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)置3個(ge)~5個(ge)副(fu)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),副(fu)主枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)置3個(ge)~5個(ge)側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),側(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上配(pei)置結(jie)果枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組,各(ge)級枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留6張~8張葉片短截促其生成下級枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),各(ge)級枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間距離為20cm~30cm,分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度在(zai)30°左右。
3.5.2修剪要點(dian) 幼樹(shu)期以(yi)輕剪為主,在(zai)各主枝(zhi)(zhi)、副主枝(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)6葉~8葉進行(xing)(xing)短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie),結(jie)合剪口芽方向(xiang)調節各級枝(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)生(sheng)長的(de)平衡(heng);對(dui)過密枝(zhi)(zhi)組適(shi)當(dang)疏(shu)刪外,內膛(tang)枝(zhi)(zhi)和樹(shu)冠中(zhong)下部(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)均應(ying)保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)。初結(jie)果(guo)期,抹除(chu)夏梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),繼續選擇(ze)和短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)各級骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)延長枝(zhi)(zhi),留(liu)(liu)(liu)6葉~8葉短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie),促(cu)發健壯的(de)秋梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。抽(chou)生(sheng)較(jiao)(jiao)多秋梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)疏(shu)除(chu)三分之(zhi)(zhi)一衰弱(ruo)(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)(huo)疏(shu)除(chu)三分之(zhi)(zhi)一長勢(shi)強壯的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),保(bao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)長勢(shi)中(zhong)庸(yong)的(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。秋季(ji)對(dui)旺長樹(shu)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)環割、斷根、控(kong)水等促(cu)花措(cuo)施。盛果(guo)期,及時(shi)剪除(chu)干(gan)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)、病蟲(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)擁擠的(de)骨干(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)適(shi)當(dang)疏(shu)剪“開天窗”,將陽光投(tou)射樹(shu)冠內膛(tang)。株(zhu)間(jian)或(huo)(huo)行(xing)(xing)間(jian)密閉的(de)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)隔(ge)株(zhu)或(huo)(huo)隔(ge)行(xing)(xing)“間(jian)伐”措(cuo)施,達到通風透(tou)光目的(de)。對(dui)當(dang)年(nian)抽(chou)生(sheng)的(de)營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi),通過短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)其中(zhong)部(bu)分枝(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)調節翌(yi)年(nian)產(chan)量,防(fang)止(zhi)大小(xiao)年(nian)結(jie)果(guo)。衰老樹(shu)更新(xin)(xin),對(dui)無花、無葉枝(zhi)(zhi)組,在(zai)重疏(shu)刪基礎上,對(dui)大部(bu)分或(huo)(huo)全部(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)進行(xing)(xing)回(hui)縮和短(duan)(duan)(duan)截(jie)處(chu)(chu)理,促(cu)發新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。對(dui)處(chu)(chu)理后抽(chou)發的(de)夏梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)、秋梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)應(ying)采(cai)(cai)取(qu)短(duan)(duan)(duan)強、留(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)、去弱(ruo)(ruo)的(de)三三制處(chu)(chu)理。
3.6 花果管理 3.6.1葉(xie)面肥保果 在謝花后噴(pen)施九(jiu)二(er)(er)O+0.3-0.5%磷酸二(er)(er)氫(qing)鉀+0.15%硼肥,隔(ge)15d再(zai)噴(pen)一次(ci)。
3.6.2 控(kong)夏(xia)梢保果 在5月(yue)~7月(yue)噴400倍多效唑控(kong)或人(ren)工抹夏(xia)梢保果;在5月(yue)上旬采用(yong)環割(ge)等措施進行保果。
3.6.3人工疏果(guo) 幼果(guo)期嚴(yan)格疏除病蟲果(guo)、小果(guo),畸形(xing)果(guo),弱枝(zhi)少留或不留果(guo),適宜(yi)的掛果(guo)量為3000kg/畝~4000kg/畝。
3.7病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 堅持以(yi)“農業(ye)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生物防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)主,化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)輔”原(yuan)則。實行(xing)(xing)檢(jian)疫(yi),培育無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)苗木(mu)。加(jia)強樹體管理,通過抽梢(shao)期(qi)、花(hua)(hua)果(guo)(guo)期(qi)和(he)采(cai)果(guo)(guo)后的(de)(de)(de)修剪,去(qu)除交叉枝(zhi)(zhi)、過密枝(zhi)(zhi),適期(qi)放梢(shao),使(shi)物候期(qi)整(zheng)齊一(yi)致,提高植(zhi)株(zhu)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能力。采(cai)果(guo)(guo)后修剪和(he)清園,把病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)、枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)、葉、花(hua)(hua)、爛果(guo)(guo)集中進行(xing)(xing)無(wu)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)處理,減少傳染源。開花(hua)(hua)期(qi)和(he)小果(guo)(guo)生長期(qi)用(yong)(yong)誘(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)燈和(he)黃板等設備誘(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),利用(yong)(yong)性信息(xi)素和(he)夜間強光照射的(de)(de)(de)方法干(gan)擾雌(ci)雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)間的(de)(de)(de)交配(pei)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)方法等進行(xing)(xing)物理防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。人工釋放平腹小蜂、捕食(shi)螨等天敵防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)等。化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),興(xing)安蜜(mi)(mi)桔病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)應(ying)符合(he)GB/T8321.10農藥(yao)(yao)合(he)理使(shi)用(yong)(yong)準則的(de)(de)(de)要求,優先選(xuan)(xuan)擇使(shi)用(yong)(yong)生物農藥(yao)(yao)。興(xing)安蜜(mi)(mi)桔化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)(hai)有黃龍病(bing)(bing)(bing)、砂(sha)皮(pi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)、煤煙病(bing)(bing)(bing)、炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing),主要蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)有紅蜘蛛(zhu)(zhu)、銹壁(bi)虱(shi)(shi)、潛(qian)葉蛾、柑(gan)桔木(mu)虱(shi)(shi)。黃龍病(bing)(bing)(bing)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):嚴格實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)植(zhi)物檢(jian)疫(yi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),所(suo)有新種(zhong)(zhong)或者補種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)柑(gan)橘果(guo)(guo)園,都應(ying)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)苗木(mu)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好柑(gan)桔木(mu)虱(shi)(shi),在秋冬期(qi)(采(cai)果(guo)(guo)后)、春芽(ya)萌動期(qi)前各(ge)噴(pen)殺(sha)木(mu)虱(shi)(shi)一(yi)次(ci),各(ge)次(ci)梢(shao)期(qi)均以(yi)連(lian)噴(pen)2次(ci)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)為(wei)(wei)宜。及時(shi)清除發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)果(guo)(guo)園病(bing)(bing)(bing)株(zhu)。發(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)率超(chao)過20%的(de)(de)(de)新種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)園,鏟除全部植(zhi)株(zhu)重新種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)毒(du)苗。砂(sha)皮(pi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)氟啶(ding)(ding)胺(an)、代鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)錳鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)、氟硅(gui)唑等藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)按(an)(an)(an)(an)劑(ji)量配(pei)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。煤煙病(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)代森錳鋅(xin)(xin)(xin)、銅制(zhi)劑(ji)、乙蒜素等藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)按(an)(an)(an)(an)劑(ji)量配(pei)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)氟啶(ding)(ding)胺(an)、抑霉(mei)唑等、三唑類農藥(yao)(yao)按(an)(an)(an)(an)劑(ji)量配(pei)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。紅蜘蛛(zhu)(zhu)、銹壁(bi)虱(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)阿維菌素、螺螨脂、虱(shi)(shi)螨脲、氟啶(ding)(ding)胺(an)等藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)按(an)(an)(an)(an)劑(ji)量配(pei)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。柑(gan)桔木(mu)虱(shi)(shi)、潛(qian)葉蛾防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)啉、吡(bi)蚜(ya)酮、噻蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)嗪等藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)按(an)(an)(an)(an)劑(ji)量配(pei)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。
3.8采(cai)(cai)收(shou) 鮮(xian)銷果(guo)(guo)(guo)在果(guo)(guo)(guo)實正(zheng)常成熟、果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮完(wan)全(quan)著(zhu)色,呈現桔紅(hong)或橙紅(hong)色,口(kou)感香甜(tian)爽口(kou)時采(cai)(cai)收(shou)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)時間應在上午10點(dian)前,采(cai)(cai)用(yong)“一果(guo)(guo)(guo)兩剪”法,第一剪離果(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂(di)1cm~2cm處(chu)剪下,再齊果(guo)(guo)(guo)蒂(di)剪平,采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)過程中輕拿輕放,避免(mian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)實受機械和二次損傷。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)后將果(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)按(an)大小、色澤等(deng)等(deng)級分選后裝(zhuang)箱,用(yong)塑料筐、泡(pao)沬箱、紙質(zhi)箱等(deng)包裝(zhuang),所有包裝(zhuang)材料均要求清潔、衛生(sheng)、無毒(du)(du)、無異(yi)味(wei)、無毒(du)(du)害(hai)物質(zhi)污染(ran)、無霉菌病菌。預冷(leng)處(chu)理8h~12h后運(yun)入市場銷售。
3.9生(sheng)產記錄 興安(an)蜜桔生(sheng)產全過程,須(xu)建立生(sheng)產記錄檔案。包括記錄物候期、病蟲發生(sheng)情況、技術措(cuo)施、農(nong)藥肥(fei)料使用(yong)情況,并妥善保存2y以上(shang)。
5.1標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)條(tiao)(tiao)件 符合下列條(tiao)(tiao)件的單位和(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren),可以向登(deng)記證書(shu)特有人(ren)(ren)申請使(shi)用(yong)興(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志:興(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔生(sheng)產(chan)區(qu)域在本登(deng)記確定(ding)的地域范圍內(nei);取得(de)登(deng)記農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)相(xiang)(xiang)關的生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)資質;能夠(gou)嚴格按(an)照(zhao)規定(ding)的質量技術規范組織開展生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)活(huo)動;具有地理標(biao)(biao)志農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)市場開發經(jing)營(ying)能力:使(shi)用(yong)興(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志,應當按(an)照(zhao)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)年(nian)度與登(deng)記證書(shu)持(chi)有人(ren)(ren)簽訂興(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志使(shi)用(yong)協(xie)議,在協(xie)議中標(biao)(biao)明(ming)使(shi)用(yong)數量、范圍及相(xiang)(xiang)關的責任義務。
5.2標(biao)志使用(yong)人(ren)權利(li) 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志使用(yong)人(ren)享有以(yi)下權利(li):可以(yi)在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)及包裝上統一使用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)志(興安蜜桔和(he)公共標(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)注(zhu)型等);可以(yi)使用(yong)興安蜜桔農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)地理標(biao)進行宣傳(chuan)和(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示和(he)展(zhan)銷。
5.3標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人義務(wu)(wu) 興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人應當履行以下(xia)義務(wu)(wu):自覺接受登記(ji)證(zheng)持有人的(de)監督(du)檢查;保證(zheng)興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)的(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)和(he)信(xin)譽;正確規范使(shi)(shi)用(yong)興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi);地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)的(de)生產(chan)經營者,應當建立質(zhi)(zhi)量控制(zhi)追(zhui)溯(su)體系。興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)持有人和(he)標(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)人,對地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量和(he)信(xin)譽負責;任何單位和(he)個人不得偽造、冒(mao)用(yong)興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)和(he)豋記(ji)證(zheng)書;鼓勵單位和(he)個人對興(xing)(xing)(xing)安(an)(an)蜜桔(jie)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)進行社會(hui)監督(du)。