啤酒質(zhi)量的鑒(jian)別方法 啤酒選購注(zhu)意事項
啤酒的分類方法通常分為3種:
根據滅菌情況分為生啤、熱啤。生啤(pi)又可分為(wei)混(hun)(hun)生啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)和純生啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu);混(hun)(hun)生啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)釀成后,不經(jing)消毒處理,直接銷售,口(kou)感優于熟啤(pi),但因其不殺菌(jun)(jun)、不充(chong)氧,如不降溫(wen),在(zai)常溫(wen)下僅能保鮮(xian)一、兩天:純生啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是在(zai)混(hun)(hun)生啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)基礎上用現(xian)代滅菌(jun)(jun)設(she)備,經(jing)三(san)次滅菌(jun)(jun)過濾(lv),然后封裝在(zai)專用酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)桶內。這種啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)口(kou)感鮮(xian)美(mei)、營養豐(feng)富,在(zai)0CC至5CC溫(wen)度下可保質30天,是目前(qian)市(shi)場上酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)質,保鮮(xian)期(qi)和營養價值較為(wei)理想的啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。
根據色澤分為黃啤酒(淡色啤酒)和黑啤酒(濃色啤酒):黃(huang)啤酒呈淡黃(huang)色(se),采用(yong)短麥芽(ya)(ya)(ya)作原(yuan)料(liao),酒花香(xiang)氣突(tu)出,口味清(qing)爽,是我國(guo)啤酒產品的(de)主流。黑(hei)啤酒色(se)澤呈深紅(hong)褐色(se)或黑(hei)褐色(se),是用(yong)高溫烘烤的(de)麥牙釀(niang)造而(er)成(cheng),含固形物較多(duo),麥芽(ya)(ya)(ya)汁濃(nong)度(du)大,發釀(niang)度(du)較低,麥芽(ya)(ya)(ya)香(xiang)氣明(ming)顯(xian)-
根據麥芽汁濃度分為高、中、低濃度型三種:高濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)型(xing)麥芽汁(zhi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)14度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)至20度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)間,酒(jiu)精(jing)(jing)含(han)量為(wei)4%至5%。這(zhe)種啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)生(sheng)產(chan)周(zhou)期長,含(han)固形物較(jiao)多,穩(wen)定(ding)性好,宜于貯存和長途運輸(shu)。中濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)型(xing)啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)麥芽汁(zhi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)10度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)至12度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)間,以12度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)最為(wei)普遍,酒(jiu)精(jing)(jing)含(han)量在(zai)3,5霉(mei)左右(you),是我國生(sheng)產(chan)啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)的主要品(pin)種、低濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)型(xing)的麥芽汁(zhi)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)6至8度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之(zhi)(zhi)間,酒(jiu)精(jing)(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)22左右(you),夏季可(ke)作清涼飲(yin)料(liao),缺點(dian)是保存期短。
啤(pi)酒目前有推薦(jian)性國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)GB/T4927-1991,企(qi)業(ye)均(jun)(jun)根據自己制定的企(qi)業(ye)標(biao)準(zhun)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan),從(cong)而各類啤(pi)酒質(zhi)量均(jun)(jun)有所不同。優級(ji)產(chan)(chan)品(pin),GB/T4927-1991(啤(pi)酒)規定,濁度(du)(du)≤1,雙乙酰,淡色≤0.13,濃色≤0.14,其他尚有酒精度(du)(du)、原(yuan)麥汁濃度(du)(du),二氧化碳含量及保(bao)質(zhi)期(qi)等指標(biao)的規定;啤(pi)酒標(biao)簽應執行強制性國(guo)(guo)家標(biao)準(zhun)GBL0344-1989,必須標(biao)注酒精度(du)(du)、原(yuan)麥汁濃度(du)(du)、質(zhi)量等級(ji)等項目。
啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)在保(bao)質期(qi)內應無明顯的渾濁沉淀,否(fou)則為不合格(ge)產(chan)品(pin)。按標準(zhun)規定(ding):12度優質啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)保(bao)質期(qi)為120天(tian),一級(ji)(ji)啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)60天(tian),二級(ji)(ji)熟啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)為40天(tian),瓶裝(zhuang)鮮啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)為7天(tian),罐裝(zhuang)鮮啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)為3天(tian)。消費者可(ke)根據啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)商標上標注的生產(chan)日期(qi)推(tui)算,不要(yao)飲(yin)用(yong)過期(qi)啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu);
鑒別啤酒的優劣,可從4個方面入手:
看泡沫:將(jiang)啤(pi)酒徐(xu)徐(xu)倒(dao)入潔凈(jing)的玻璃杯(bei)內,泡沫(mo)立即冒起,顏色(se)(se)潔白,細而均勻,能(neng)保持4至5秒的時間,并有泡沫(mo)掛杯(bei)現象的是優質品如(ru)果泡沫(mo)粗大(da),而顏色(se)(se)帶微(wei)黃,消散快,泡沫(mo)不掛杯(bei)的是劣質品。
看顏色:目(mu)前(qian)市場上多為(wei)淡色(se)(se)啤(pi)酒,杯內必須清澈透明,整(zheng)體(ti)呈悅目(mu)的金黃(huang)色(se)(se)如(ru)酒色(se)(se)混濁。透明度差、黏性大,甚(shen)至有懸浮物的是(shi)劣質品
聞香氣:用鼻子靠近啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu),可(ke)以(yi)聞到(dao)濃(nong)郁(yu)的酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)花(hua)幽(you)香(xiang)和(he)麥(mai)芽的芳(fang)香(xiang)的是(shi)優質(zhi)(zhi)啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)劣質(zhi)(zhi)啤(pi)酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)則無酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)花(hua)香(xiang)氣,有的有生酒(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)氣味、腥氣或老化氣味等(deng)異味
嘗口味:入口感覺酒味純正清爽,苦味柔(rou)和,回(hui)味醇厚(hou),有(you)愉快(kuai)的(de)(de)芳香,并具有(you)"殺(sha)口感"的(de)(de)是優質啤酒。"殺(sha)口"是指酒中碳(tan)酸氣(qi)對口腔有(you)濃重而愉快(kuai)的(de)(de)刺激(ji)感。
此外(wai),啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)還(huan)應具有來自其中二氧化碳和酒(jiu)花的爽口(kou)苦味(wei)(wei)若(ruo)是啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)有明顯(xian)酸味(wei)(wei),說(shuo)明酸度(du)過大,是不(bu)合格品(pin)。若(ruo)啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)有明顯(xian)餿味(wei)(wei),表示雙乙酰含量過高,也是不(bu)合格品(pin)。若(ruo)啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)淡而(er)無味(wei)(wei),香氣和口(kou)味(wei)(wei)都欠純正、不(bu)爽口(kou)、不(bu)殺(sha)口(kou)、泡沫量少且粗,可能(neng)是啤(pi)(pi)酒(jiu)摻(chan)水所致。