紫(zi)(zi)陽蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子,最早發(fa)源于(yu)紫(zi)(zi)陽縣漢王鎮,先是漢江艄工歇腳歡聚(ju)時的薈菜(cai),后來發(fa)展為除(chu)夕團(tuan)圓(yuan)飯上(shang)的壓軸菜(cai)。紫(zi)(zi)陽蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子是陜(shan)西(xi)安康第(di)一批非物質文化(hua)遺產的代表作。紫(zi)(zi)陽蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子制作頗為講究,原(yuan)料須(xu)有(you)全雞(土雞)、豬蹄、蓮菜(cai)、紅白蘿卜、黃花、木耳、香菇、雞蛋(dan)餃子、水發(fa)墨魚(yu)及(ji)其它干菜(cai),調(diao)料油有(you)大(da)茴、草果、桂(gui)皮(pi)、花椒、干辣椒、食鹽(yan)等(deng),用(yong)(yong)盆(pen)(pen)具盛之,用(yong)(yong)大(da)鍋隔火而蒸(zheng)(zheng),原(yuan)料和調(diao)料分步入盆(pen)(pen),時間最少不能低于(yu)4小(xiao)時。這道(dao)菜(cai)原(yuan)汁原(yuan)味,湯醇肉(rou)香,色香味俱佳。紫(zi)(zi)陽蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子,用(yong)(yong)料之糜費,時間之冗(rong)長,程序之繁(fan)瑣,做(zuo)工之講究,稍有(you)差遲(chi)則(ze)口味大(da)逮,非一般地(di)域所能為,它當之不愧地(di)成為最具特色的紫(zi)(zi)陽傳(chuan)統大(da)菜(cai)。
1、紫(zi)陽蒸盆子用料極其(qi)講究,雞要本(ben)地仔母雞,其(qi)它青(qing)菜及(ji)香料都要當地土產,稍有差遲則口味大變(bian)。
2、紫(zi)陽蒸(zheng)盆子湯鮮肉香,色香味俱佳。
3、紫陽(yang)蒸盆(pen)子上席與(yu)小(xiao)菜搭配,最具地方特色。
雞(ji)蛋(dan)餃子是將雞(ji)蛋(dan)打入碗中,用筷子攪(jiao)勻,然后用大鐵湯勺,在爐灶上(shang)面燒燙,抹上(shang)豬油(you),在用調羹舀如雞(ji)蛋(dan),做(zuo)成餃子皮,半熟(shu)之際,包入準備好的新鮮肉餡。
紫(zi)(zi)(zi)陽(yang)(yang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)傳說始(shi)創于(yu)(yu)漢劉(liu)邦(bang)時(shi)(shi)期。當年(nian)(nian)劉(liu)邦(bang)帶軍打仗行(xing)夜至紫(zi)(zi)(zi)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)漢王城,當地軍民為(wei)歡迎劉(liu)邦(bang),特意找來(lai)廚(chu)師(shi)準(zhun)(zhun)備大擺宴席,可是軍隊(dui)第二天就(jiu)要(yao)出(chu)發,七碟八碗的(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備來(lai)不及,有(you)(you)(you)聰明的(de)(de)廚(chu)師(shi)就(jiu)將豬蹄(ti)、母雞、魷魚和當地的(de)(de)黑木耳、蓮(lian)萊等加入調料,一(yi)(yi)起放入大烏盆(pen)(pen),用大火蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制一(yi)(yi)夜。清晨劉(liu)邦(bang)大軍聞香而醒(xing),狼吞虎咽(yan)地吃了精光,個個精神煥發,劉(liu)邦(bang)大為(wei)贊(zan)賞(shang),問(wen)廚(chu)師(shi)此為(wei)何(he)名,廚(chu)師(shi)以前也從未這(zhe)樣做過,正為(wei)難時(shi)(shi),猛看(kan)見桌上的(de)(de)大烏盆(pen)(pen),靈機一(yi)(yi)動說此菜名叫“蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)”。這(zhe)是關于(yu)(yu)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)陽(yang)(yang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)最(zui)(zui)廣為(wei)流傳的(de)(de)傳說,其歷史真實性有(you)(you)(you)待進一(yi)(yi)步考(kao)證。但(dan)從歷年(nian)(nian)紫(zi)(zi)(zi)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)境內(nei)的(de)(de)考(kao)古以及有(you)(you)(you)關史料來(lai)看(kan),紫(zi)(zi)(zi)陽(yang)(yang)早在原始(shi)社(she)會時(shi)(shi)期就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)先民居(ju)住生息,最(zui)(zui)早歷史從夏、商、周(zhou)時(shi)(shi)期開始(shi)就(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)記載,準(zhun)(zhun)確的(de)(de)置縣(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)間是1512年(nian)(nian)底。蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)的(de)(de)具體出(chu)現(xian)年(nian)(nian)代已無從考(kao)證。
一(yi)、食用(yong)價值:由于紫陽(yang)蒸盆子用(yong)料講究(jiu),做(zuo)工精細,程序復雜,造就了其鮮(xian)、香、純的(de)口感,而且營養豐富(fu),久吃不(bu)膩(ni)的(de)特(te)點(dian)。
二、審(shen)美價值:紫陽(yang)蒸(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)做工精細,從形、色上用功,取(qu)天成之美,又賦予(yu)其(qi)深刻的(de)內涵,極大地滿足了人們傳統的(de)審(shen)美需求。紫陽(yang)蒸(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)傳統工藝在千年的(de)傳承和發展過程(cheng)中逐(zhu)漸(jian)豐富和合(he)理、到近代其(qi)工藝被嚴肅的(de)程(cheng)序化(hua),目的(de)就是(shi)要保(bao)證紫陽(yang)蒸(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)的(de)特點,因此(ci);紫陽(yang)蒸(zheng)盆(pen)(pen)子(zi)這道傳統地方菜肴有極強(qiang)的(de)生命力,集中展示了紫陽(yang)人民(min)的(de)審(shen)美水(shui)平和取(qu)向(xiang)。
三、文化(hua)價值:作為(wei)地方飲食文化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)代表,紫陽(yang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)子(zi)有(you)優美的(de)(de)(de)傳說,有(you)悠(you)久的(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)歷史。從(cong)古互今(jin)。紫陽(yang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)子(zi)被(bei)勤(qin)勞(lao)的(de)(de)(de)紫陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)在中國最重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)節日——春節中,作為(wei)紫陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)精神生活的(de)(de)(de)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)載,被(bei)賦(fu)子(zi)了團圓、富裕、希望等美好的(de)(de)(de)含義,窮有(you)窮做法,富有(you)富做法,但(dan)都反(fan)映了人(ren)(ren)們對生活的(de)(de)(de)熱愛(ai)和希望,反(fan)映了紫陽(yang)人(ren)(ren)們一直以(yi)一種積極向上的(de)(de)(de)生活態度(du)。很多民俗民風(feng)、民間文化(hua)因蒸(zheng)(zheng)盆(pen)子(zi)的(de)(de)(de)傳承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而得(de)以(yi)傳承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。
一、材料:全雞1只: 豬肘;蓮萊、蘿(luo)卜;木(mu)耳、香菇,雞蛋,鮮肉、魷魚、墨魚、海參、干辣椒、生姜、大蒜、青蔥,料酒(jiu)、各種香料(花椒、白(bai)胡椒、草果(guo),八(ba)角茴,香草、 良姜等):
二、制作器具:容積(ji)在5公斤左右的大烏盆一(yi)套(tao);六案板、大鍋一(yi)口、土灶(柴火灶)。
三(san)、制(zhi)(zhi)作流程(cheng):1、備(bei)料(liao):一年生膘肥(fei)肉細的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)雞(ji)(ji)1只,約3斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),燙毛洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing),除去(qu)內(nei)(nei)臟(zang),在(zai)內(nei)(nei)腔壁上(shang)(shang)涂(tu)抹(mo)(mo)鹽(yan)(yan),水氣瀝干備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。兩年生豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)前蹄(ti)(ti)一只,約3斤(jin)(jin)左(zuo)右(you),剃洗(xi)干凈(jing)(jing),橫向剁(duo)(duo)成(cheng)(cheng)圓盤形狀,俗稱(cheng)“豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蹄(ti)(ti)子(zi)(zi)(zi)盤盤”,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)料(liao)酒、鹽(yan)(yan)拌勻,放置(zhi)5小時(shi)(shi)以上(shang)(shang)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):蓮菜,蘿卜(bu)各1.5斤(jin)(jin),以沒有破(po)損或傷(shang)痕為選取標準、洗(xi)凈(jing)(jing)后滾刀切塊成(cheng)(cheng)三(san)角(jiao)狀。雞(ji)(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi):選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)本地雞(ji)(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)5只,取蛋(dan)(dan)青蛋(dan)(dan)黃攪勻;將鮮精豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)肉剁(duo)(duo)餡拌好(hao)(hao)(hao)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong),選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)圓形炒(chao)勺(shao),放置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)碳火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)上(shang)(shang),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)板筋油(you)均勻涂(tu)抹(mo)(mo)炒(chao)勺(shao),創入(ru)(ru)適(shi)量雞(ji)(ji)蛋(dan)(dan),旋(xuan)轉炒(chao)勺(shao)炕至半熟(shu),包(bao)入(ru)(ru)適(shi)量肉餡炕熟(shu)。蛋(dan)(dan)餃(jiao)可做(zuo)成(cheng)(cheng)“元寶”型(xing)、寓意(yi)“四季發財”和“金魚”型(xing),寓意(yi)“連年有余(yu)”。適(shi)量墨魚,魷(you)(you)魚、海(hai)參、木耳、香(xiang)菇(gu)發好(hao)(hao)(hao),切塊備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。取大茴、草果、花(hua)椒、白胡椒、肉香(xiang)葉、干辣椒等(deng)香(xiang)料(liao)適(shi)量,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)干凈(jing)(jing)紗布包(bao)緊備(bei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。2、裝(zhuang)盆(pen):首(shou)先將豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蹄(ti)(ti)塊均勻鋪放于(yu)(yu)(yu)盆(pen)底,然后將造型(xing)好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)雞(ji)(ji)樹立放置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)盆(pen)中(zhong)央(yang),將料(liao)包(bao)放置(zhi)在(zai)雞(ji)(ji)身(shen)下(xia):周圍(wei)放置(zhi)切好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)蓮菜、水蘿卜(bu)、胡蘿卜(bu)、木耳、香(xiang)菇(gu)等(deng)與盆(pen)沿(yan)齊(qi)平,最后加(jia)。入(ru)(ru)適(shi)量冷水,蓋(gai)好(hao)(hao)(hao)蓋(gai)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。魷(you)(you)魚、海(hai)參、蛋(dan)(dan)餃(jiao)等(deng)易熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)村料(liao)在(zai)主(zhu)菜蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)熟(shu)后分別放入(ru)(ru)。3、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi):蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)最好(hao)(hao)(hao)是“牛頭灶”,即當地的(de)(de)(de)土柴灶。蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)將盆(pen)置(zhi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)鍋中(zhong)央(yang),鍋底加(jia)入(ru)(ru)適(shi)量水,蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠蓋(gai)。初蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“武(wu)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)”,最好(hao)(hao)(hao)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)竹片(pian)做(zuo)燃料(liao),火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)力猛,熱效高,容易上(shang)(shang)氣。待鍋內(nei)(nei)上(shang)(shang)氣后,即可改用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“文(wen)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)”,最好(hao)(hao)(hao)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)雜木做(zuo)燃料(liao),火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)力溫而耐(nai)長,容易出味。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)“文(wen)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)”蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)是整(zheng)個工序中(zhong)耗(hao)時(shi)(shi)最長,費神最多的(de)(de)(de)工序,也是是否出味、是成(cheng)(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵所(suo)在(zai):“文(wen)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)”蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)一般(ban)需要(yao)六到八小時(shi)(shi)左(zuo)右(you),這(zhe)(zhe)期(qi)間(jian),首(shou)先火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)不能斷,還(huan)要(yao)不斷上(shang)(shang)水,保(bao)證底水不干,期(qi)間(jian)放入(ru)(ru)魷(you)(you)魚、海(hai)參,同時(shi)(shi)可以觀察盆(pen)內(nei)(nei)湯(tang)的(de)(de)(de)情況。一般(ban)情況下(xia),這(zhe)(zhe)道工序的(de)(de)(de)完成(cheng)(cheng)也就在(zai)臘月的(de)(de)(de)二十九晚上(shang)(shang),待蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)好(hao)(hao)(hao)后,滅去(qu)灶火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)。三(san)十早(zao)上(shang)(shang)再(zai)重新添火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)上(shang)(shang)氣,在(zai)上(shang)(shang)桌前半個小時(shi)(shi)將雞(ji)(ji)蛋(dan)(dan)餃(jiao)子(zi)(zi)(zi)放入(ru)(ru)盆(pen)中(zhong),出鍋后將切好(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)蔥(cong)花(hua)、蒜(suan)苗花(hua)撒在(zai)面(mian)上(shang)(shang),再(zai)將一段蔥(cong)或紅辣椒插入(ru)(ru)雞(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)嘴里。