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寺廟簡介

自靈隱(yin)寺(si)(si)(si)山門向南(nan)直上，在(zai)(zai)(zai)白云(yun)峰(feng)北(bei)者，稱上天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)稽留峰(feng)北(bei)者，稱中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)飛來峰(feng)之麓，稱下天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)。三天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)皆以供奉(feng)觀(guan)世(shi)音(yin)菩薩為本。天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)(li)(li)史上是杭州的(de)(de)佛國，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)三寺(si)(si)(si)香火(huo)極盛(sheng)。元天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)歷(li)(li)(li)（1328-1330）間，中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)(si)(si)僧大(da)忻博得(de)元文宗圖貼睦(mu)爾的(de)(de)歡心。寺(si)(si)(si)名(ming)改(gai)為“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)歷(li)(li)(li)永(yong)祚(zuo)禪寺(si)(si)(si)”，誰知“永(yong)祚(zuo)”不“永(yong)”，在(zai)(zai)(zai)元末的(de)(de)戰亂中(zhong)，中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)同樣沒有躲過(guo)寺(si)(si)(si)毀僧散的(de)(de)災難。中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)距上天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)也約1里。初建寺(si)(si)(si)于隋代(dai)(dai)，吳越時(shi)名(ming)崇壽院。它似乎特別受(shou)到歷(li)(li)(li)朝君主(zhu)的(de)(de)垂(chui)青：北(bei)宋賜名(ming)為“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)寧(ning)萬壽永(yong)祚(zuo)禪寺(si)(si)(si)”。南(nan)宋高宗曾(ceng)賜佛像(xiang)，置于寺(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)的(de)(de)華嚴寶閣，并(bing)增擴殿宇，明代(dai)(dai)賜號“中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)禪寺(si)(si)(si)”。至南(nan)宋寧(ning)宗皇帝，又(you)列為天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)下禪宗五山十剎之第一剎。此外在(zai)(zai)(zai)元代(dai)(dai)曾(ceng)改(gai)名(ming)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)歷(li)(li)(li)永(yong)祚(zuo)禪寺(si)(si)(si)，清代(dai)(dai)又(you)改(gai)名(ming)法凈寺(si)(si)(si)。寺(si)(si)(si)中(zhong)原有藏(zang)經(jing)閣，在(zai)(zai)(zai)1947年毀于火(huo)災。

中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)是從下天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)分離出來獨立(li)成(cheng)院的，那時上(shang)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)已經后來居上(shang)，而(er)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)卻仍簫然孤(gu)立(li)于上(shang)、下天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)之間，相(xiang)形失(shi)色。為了(le)能與(yu)上(shang)、下二天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)平(ping)起平(ping)坐，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺僧(seng)們倒是憋了(le)一口(kou)氣，想方(fang)(fang)設法尋找時機。終于，在摩利支天(tian)(tian)“顯靈(ling)”之后，他們又爭到(dao)了(le)一次接待(dai)官方(fang)(fang)大員到(dao)本地(di)祈雨的機會，而(er)且很幸(xing)運，祈雨以“靈(ling)驗”告終。從此，中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺也被人(ren)刮目相(xiang)看，當華(hua)嚴(yan)閣(ge)建(jian)成(cheng)后，它(ta)的聲望(wang)和地(di)位就更(geng)加顯赫，成(cheng)了(le)湖(hu)上(shang)巍然巨(ju)剎。明朝洪武（1368-1398）初寺重建(jian)后，賜名為“中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)禪(chan)寺”。正德(de)（1506-1521）間，寺又毀。嘉靖二十五年（1546），僧(seng)慧鏞等募化重建(jian)，原(yuan)后民殿改建(jian)為白衣觀音殿。

中(zhong)天竺托名北宋詩僧(seng)慧嵩所作的《中(zhong)竺十二(er)景題詠》，就給后(hou)人留下了(le)古剎內外的勝(sheng)景風貌，如《千(qian)歲古意》寫(xie)道：千(qian)歲巖頭碧樹森(sen)，昔年寶(bao)掌獨知音。

蒲(pu)團坐破(po)僧(seng)何處(chu)，寂(ji)寂(ji)青山任古今(jin)。相(xiang)傳(chuan)寶掌初來(lai)時，常坐在(zai)一(yi)塊巨大(da)的巖(yan)石上說(shuo)法(fa)，后(hou)人(ren)稱(cheng)這(zhe)塊巖(yan)石“千歲巖(yan)”，巖(yan)在(zai)寺后(hou)。又如：“七星(xing)潭(tan)月”：水沼形聯北斗名，來(lai)源脈引天河清。夜涼云去(qu)秋空凈，冰(bing)魄(po)亭亭萬(wan)里(li)平。七星(xing)潭(tan)位于中天竺寺內大(da)殿前，七汪清泉相(xiang)通(tong)，形似北斗七星(xing)

排列。再如“永清(qing)(qing)竹浪”：瑯(lang)（王+干）清(qing)(qing)蔭碧于水(shui)，有(you)時(shi)掠地狂(kuang)風起。窗前卷(juan)起伏(fu)如揚(yang)，莫驚林下化(hua)龍鯉(li)。“永清(qing)(qing)”即永清(qing)(qing)塢，就在中天竺寺對面。明清(qing)(qing)時(shi)，中天竺大殿里有(you)一副(fu)柱聯，文(wen)字通俗易(yi)懂，文(wen)意冷峻而又不乏(fa)嘲諷，聯文(wen)是：我們中締結(jie)福緣，豈唯在一炷清(qing)(qing)香，幾聲(sheng)佛(fo)號；你(ni)心里能全善果，自然地秋生桂實，春茁(zhuo)蘭(lan)芽。如今，幾經滄桑(sang)的中天竺寺佛(fo)門(men)重(zhong)開，恢復了宗(zong)教活動，除了以老年婦女為主的香客(ke)外，還常(chang)有(you)慕名前來訪古(gu)的游(you)客(ke)光臨寺中。

景點描述

天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)三寺(si)(si)從靈隱到天(tian)(tian)門山(shan)，周(zhou)圍(wei)數(shu)十里，統稱為(wei)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)山(shan)。從靈隱咫尺西(xi)(xi)天(tian)(tian)照壁沿(yan)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)溪(xi)而上，依次為(wei)下(xia)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)、中天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)、上天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)，有天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)香(xiang)市和佛國勝地之稱。下(xia)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)，又(you)名法(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)。法(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)在(zai)三竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)中歷(li)史最(zui)為(wei)悠(you)久，創建(jian)于東(dong)晉咸和五年（330），相(xiang)傳為(wei)印度慧理和尚(shang)所(suo)建(jian)。現寺(si)(si)內有天(tian)(tian)王殿、圓通寶(bao)殿、藥(yao)師壇場三進(jin)殿堂。法(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)現為(wei)杭州唯一(yi)的尼姑寺(si)(si)院，今尚(shang)在(zai)恢(hui)復擴建(jian)之中。中天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)位于稽留峰下(xia)，離(li)法(fa)(fa)鏡(jing)寺(si)(si)約500米，又(you)名法(fa)(fa)凈寺(si)(si)。現寺(si)(si)內有原天(tian)(tian)王殿、安養堂、三圣殿等建(jian)筑，盛行宗教(jiao)活動，也是西(xi)(xi)湖一(yi)大寺(si)(si)觀。

上天(tian)竺寺(si)又名法(fa)喜寺(si)，離中天(tian)竺約(yue)1千米。天(tian)竺三(san)寺(si)以法(fa)喜寺(si)面積最大，建筑

雄偉，布局莊嚴(yan)。寺(si)(si)內殿(dian)堂很多，除大(da)殿(dian)外，有肅儀亭(ting)、夜講堂、白(bai)云(yun)堂、兩峰(feng)堂、雪坡(po)軒等。寺(si)(si)四周有白(bai)云(yun)峰(feng)、白(bai)云(yun)泉(quan)、乳竇峰(feng)、乳竇泉(quan)等名勝。白(bai)云(yun)峰(feng)的白(bai)云(yun)茶(cha)曾(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)南宋(song)歲貢(gong)的西湖(hu)名茶(cha)。宋(song)元祐中(zhong)，蘇東坡(po)出任杭州知府，曾(ceng)(ceng)數次來游，留下《雨中(zhong)游天竺靈(ling)感觀音院》等詩篇。宋(song)朱熹、呂祖謙、戴復古，元趙孟、倪瓚等均有游上天竺詩。宋(song)代(dai)抗金英(ying)雄岳飛的《歸(gui)赴行在過上天竺寺(si)(si)偶(ou)題》詩篇更是(shi)(shi)氣壯山河。現(xian)寺(si)(si)中(zhong)有大(da)殿(dian)和齋、客堂等輔(fu)助用房。

徜徉天(tian)竺山(shan)(shan)，除到各寺游覽，最(zui)為(wei)(wei)誘人(ren)的(de)(de)是欣賞四周的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)巒秀色。從靈隱合澗(jian)橋旁(pang)循路而(er)進，山(shan)(shan)色如列畫屏，崖(ya)陡谷深，曲澗(jian)淙淙，山(shan)(shan)嵐云(yun)影時(shi)而(er)飄忽，能看到著名的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)靈鷲峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、蓮(lian)花峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、月桂峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、稽留峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、中(zhong)印(yin)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、乳竇(dou)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、白云(yun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)、天(tian)竺峰(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)竺峰(feng)(feng)(feng)雙峰(feng)(feng)(feng)削立，形同天(tian)門，故(gu)杭人(ren)又稱它為(wei)(wei)天(tian)門山(shan)(shan)。峰(feng)(feng)(feng)高455米，有西(xi)湖第一(yi)高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)之稱，為(wei)(wei)西(xi)湖群山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)主峰(feng)(feng)(feng)。天(tian)竺道上有不少古(gu)樹(shu)名木，如七葉樹(shu)、楓(feng)香、紫楠(nan)、黃檀(tan)、榆樹(shu)等。天(tian)竺山(shan)(shan)奇石更奇，特(te)別是蓮(lian)花峰(feng)(feng)(feng)一(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)石，晶瑩清(qing)潤，嵌(qian)空玲瓏，俊美無比。

杭(hang)州著名的(de)佛教圣地天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)三寺(si)竺(zhu)法(fa)(fa)鏡寺(si)后沿著天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)路走過一(yi)里(li)許的(de)第二(er)座古剎中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)法(fa)(fa)凈(jing)寺(si)，法(fa)(fa)凈(jing)禪寺(si)又稱中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)寺(si)位(wei)于(yu)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)山之稽(ji)留(liu)峰(feng)下四周群山環(huan)抱景(jing)(jing)色(se)幽(you)美(mei)歷史上還有有“稽(ji)留(liu)旭日(ri)”“合澗沉鐘(zhong)”、“七(qi)星潭(tan)月”“永清竹浪”等為“中(zhong)竺(zhu)十二(er)景(jing)(jing)”可見(jian)景(jing)(jing)之絕色(se)中(zhong)天(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)始于(yu)隋(sui)乃中(zhong)印度(du)高僧寶(bao)掌禪師所(suo)創師生時左手握拳至(zhi)七(qi)歲(sui)剃度(du)時始展(zhan)掌掌中(zhong)現。

明(ming)珠故得名隋開(kai)皇十(shi)七(qi)年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)597年(nian)）寶掌大師參游(you)經中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)感嘆山水之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)而為(wei)賦(fu)曰“行盡(jin)支那(nei)四(si)百(bai)川此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)遍稱(cheng)(cheng)道(dao)人(ren)游(you)”于(yu)此(ci)清(qing)(qing)凈(jing)禪定(ding)立(li)茲道(dao)場(chang)肇(zhao)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)伽(jia)藍之(zhi)(zhi)端昔傳寶掌大師有愿住(zhu)(zhu)世千(qian)歲(sui)(sui)世壽1072歲(sui)(sui)史稱(cheng)(cheng)千(qian)歲(sui)(sui)寶掌寺(si)(si)后寶掌大師常(chang)坐(zuo)之(zhi)(zhi)巖便也稱(cheng)(cheng)作“千(qian)歲(sui)(sui)巖”唐開(kai)元(yuan)(yuan)大歷(li)年(nian)間賢首宗(zong)創始人(ren)法藏之(zhi)(zhi)再傳弟(di)子法詵法師住(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)法師精通《華(hua)嚴》開(kai)席(xi)立(li)論其弟(di)子澄觀著(zhu)述師說(shuo)(shuo)闡(chan)揚(yang)華(hua)嚴尊(zun)(zun)諱華(hua)嚴疏主賜(si)號清(qing)(qing)涼國(guo)師對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)唐以后之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)佛(fo)教影響極為(wei)深遠宋(song)太平興國(guo)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)976年(nian)）吳越錢弘俶王賜(si)額“崇壽天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)圣寺(si)(si)”是(shi)時(shi)殿宇莊嚴信眾云集(ji)慶歷(li)年(nian)間云門高(gao)僧(seng)契嵩(song)來杭住(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)契嵩(song)因著(zhu)文(wen)護法深受朝野尊(zun)(zun)重(zhong)(zhong)宋(song)仁宗(zong)趙(zhao)禎封號為(wei)“明(ming)教大師”由(you)此(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)名聞朝野趨于(yu)鼎盛(sheng)政和四(si)年(nian)（公元(yuan)(yuan)1114年(nian)）宋(song)徽宗(zong)為(wei)祈求永(yong)保宋(song)室江山將中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)改名為(wei)“天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)寧萬壽永(yong)祚禪寺(si)(si)”宋(song)室南(nan)渡開(kai)封高(gao)僧(seng)亻幼堂(tang)隨帝室南(nan)遷(qian)住(zhu)(zhu)持(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)講(jiang)經說(shuo)(shuo)法弘揚(yang)佛(fo)法聞名一時(shi)當南(nan)宋(song)“尊(zun)(zun)表(biao)五(wu)山品評江南(nan)名寺(si)(si)”評定(ding)“五(wu)山十(shi)剎(cha)”時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)位居禪院(yuan)十(shi)剎(cha)之(zhi)(zhi)首元(yuan)(yuan)代毀于(yu)戰火明(ming)洪(hong)武初重(zhong)(zhong)建中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)敕(chi)名“中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)寺(si)(si)”當時(shi)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)法樹高(gao)聳群英咸集(ji)清(qing)(qing)初康(kang)熙南(nan)巡至中(zhong)(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)竺(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)后為(wei)寺(si)(si)院(yuan)題寫。