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基本介紹

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)山在(zai)(zai)杭(hang)州(zhou)市主城(cheng)區的(de)西南面。主峰海(hai)拔(ba)178米，北近西湖(hu)(hu)，南接江(jiang)濱(bin)，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)，故(gu)名。隋唐在(zai)(zai)此肇建州(zhou)治，五(wu)代吳(wu)越設為國都，筑子(zi)城(cheng)。南宋建都，建為皇城(cheng)。方圓九(jiu)里之地，興建殿(dian)堂四、樓七、臺六(liu)、亭十九(jiu)。還(huan)(huan)有(you)人工仿造的(de)"小(xiao)西湖(hu)(hu)"，有(you)"六(liu)橋"、"飛來(lai)峰"等風景構(gou)筑。南宋亡(wang)后(hou)，宮殿(dian)改作寺(si)(si)院，元(yuan)代火災，成為廢墟。現還(huan)(huan)有(you)報國寺(si)(si)、勝果(guo)寺(si)(si)、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)池及郭公泉等殘跡。

鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)在杭(hang)(hang)州市的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)面。主峰(feng)海拔178米(mi)，北近西(xi)湖(hu)，南(nan)接江(jiang)濱，形若飛鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)，故名(ming)。隋(sui)唐在此肇建(jian)州治，五代(dai)(dai)吳越將(jiang)(jiang)杭(hang)(hang)州設為(wei)(wei)國(guo)都(dou)(dou)，筑(zhu)(zhu)子城(cheng)。南(nan)宋(song)(song)宋(song)(song)高宗(zong)趙構定都(dou)(dou)杭(hang)(hang)州后(hou)(hou)，在北宋(song)(song)州治舊址修建(jian)宮(gong)城(cheng)禁苑(yuan)(yuan)。以(yi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)皇城(cheng)。東(dong)(dong)起鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)，西(xi)至(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)麓(lu)，南(nan)起苕帚灣，北至(zhi)萬松(song)嶺，方圓4.5公(gong)(gong)里(li)。大(da)內(nei)有(you)城(cheng)門(men)3座(zuo)(zuo)，南(nan)稱麗正，北為(wei)(wei)和寧(ning)(ning)，東(dong)(dong)曰東(dong)(dong)華(hua)。皇城(cheng)內(nei)，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)巍峨林(lin)立，光耀奪目(mu)。有(you)金鑾(luan)殿(dian)(dian)、垂拱殿(dian)(dian)、選(xuan)德(de)殿(dian)(dian)、福寧(ning)(ning)殿(dian)(dian)、勤政殿(dian)(dian)、復古(gu)殿(dian)(dian)等殿(dian)(dian)、堂(tang)、樓閣(ge)約(yue)130余(yu)座(zuo)(zuo)。“方圓九里(li)之地，興建(jian)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)四、樓七、臺六(liu)、亭(ting)十九”，此外(wai)還(huan)有(you)華(hua)美的(de)(de)(de)御苑(yuan)(yuan)直至(zhi)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巔。還(huan)有(you)人工(gong)仿造的(de)(de)(de)"小西(xi)湖(hu)"，有(you)"六(liu)橋"、"飛來峰(feng)"等風景構筑(zhu)(zhu)。南(nan)宋(song)(song)亡后(hou)(hou)，宮(gong)殿(dian)(dian)改作(zuo)(zuo)寺院(yuan)。第二年，即(ji)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)十四年(1277)因為(wei)(wei)民間(jian)失火延及，南(nan)宋(song)(song)朝廷在鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)殿(dian)(dian)宇焚毀大(da)半。十年之后(hou)(hou)，楊璉真珈奏請元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)廷，利(li)用(yong)南(nan)宋(song)(song)大(da)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)基(ji)座(zuo)(zuo)、殘(can)(can)(can)余(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物和建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料在鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)上修筑(zhu)(zhu)了五座(zuo)(zuo)佛寺，名(ming)曰“鎮(zhen)(zhen)本”，以(yi)示壓鎮(zhen)(zhen)江(jiang)南(nan)人民之意。這(zhe)五座(zuo)(zuo)寺廟在元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)代(dai)(dai)也先(xian)后(hou)(hou)湮滅，最(zui)后(hou)(hou)在元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)的(de)(de)(de)戰爭中(zhong)徹底毀損。宋(song)(song)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)時代(dai)(dai)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)是在城(cheng)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)，元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)末(mo)張士誠新筑(zhu)(zhu)杭(hang)(hang)州新城(cheng)垣的(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)將(jiang)(jiang)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)攔在了城(cheng)外(wai)。至(zhi)明代(dai)(dai)成為(wei)(wei)廢墟，到明末(mo)，鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)已經完(wan)全(quan)成為(wei)(wei)一塊人跡(ji)罕至(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)荒(huang)蕪之地。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)緊鄰錢(qian)塘江(jiang)，又是鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)一個制高點。太平軍攻(gong)打杭(hang)(hang)州時，就搶(qiang)占過這(zhe)里(li)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)重要的(de)(de)(de)攻(gong)城(cheng)基(ji)地。整個鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)宮(gong)苑(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)殘(can)(can)(can)址，南(nan)起苕帚灣，北到萬松(song)嶺，東(dong)(dong)沿中(zhong)河(he)南(nan)端之西(xi)岸，西(xi)達(da)鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)麓(lu)，周(zhou)長九里(li)。現還(huan)有(you)報國(guo)寺、勝果寺、鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)池(chi)及郭公(gong)(gong)泉等殘(can)(can)(can)跡(ji)。現遺址上建(jian)有(you)軍隊用(yong)房(fang)和杭(hang)(hang)州卷煙(yan)廠(chang)等大(da)型建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)及民房(fang)，國(guo)家(jia)文物部門(men)正在進行(xing)考古(gu)發掘。鳳(feng)(feng)(feng)凰(huang)(huang)(huang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)御苑(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)石刻、石景頗多，規劃辟為(wei)(wei)"南(nan)宋(song)(song)故宮(gong)遺址公(gong)(gong)園"。