一、步進電機怎么測量好壞

1、上電能鎖緊，力矩輸出正常，轉(zhuan)角正確，這個電機就是好的，否(fou)則就有問題。

2、斷電(dian)狀態(tai)下，用手轉動(dong)電(dian)機軸(zhou)，注意各引(yin)出(chu)線(xian)不要(yao)短路，好的(de)電(dian)機應當阻力均(jun)勻，可以用手轉動(dong)。再把電(dian)機引(yin)出(chu)線(xian)擰在(zai)一(yi)起（短路），此時轉動(dong)電(dian)機軸(zhou)的(de)力矩(ju)就(jiu)是電(dian)機的(de)標稱力矩(ju)，也就(jiu)是需要(yao)電(dian)機標稱力矩(ju)那么(me)大的(de)力矩(ju)才能轉動(dong)電(dian)機軸(zhou)，否則(ze)電(dian)機就(jiu)是壞的(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"天空之城"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、步進電機常見故障及處理方法

1、步進電動機運行中失步

當(dang)步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)改變負載(zai)(zai)運(yun)(yun)行時(shi)，如帶大慣量負載(zai)(zai)則產(chan)(chan)生振蕩，造成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)在某(mou)一運(yun)(yun)行頻率下(xia)，起(qi)動丟步(bu)(bu)(bu)或停轉滑步(bu)(bu)(bu)。造成(cheng)步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)運(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。為了(le)消除(chu)大慣性(xing)負載(zai)(zai)引起(qi)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)，可以采(cai)用機(ji)械阻尼(ni)的(de)方法，用以消除(chu)或吸收振蕩能(neng)量；也可以通過(guo)加大負載(zai)(zai)的(de)摩擦力矩的(de)方法，從而改善運(yun)(yun)行特性(xing)，消除(chu)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。因(yin)為步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)受控于電(dian)(dian)脈沖而產(chan)(chan)生步(bu)(bu)(bu)進(jin)運(yun)(yun)動，采(cai)取如上措施(shi)能(neng)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)脈沖正常(chang)，不受干擾，從而消除(chu)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)運(yun)(yun)行中(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。

另一種(zhong)(zhong)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)能是原采用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的而改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)為(wei)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，又未采取相(xiang)應補救措施(shi)，使(shi)起(qi)動頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)和(he)運(yun)行(xing)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)降低，矩(ju)頻(pin)特(te)(te)性惡化而失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。當是此種(zhong)(zhong)原因(yin)所至，應重新恢復雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。有(you)些使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)位或部門，為(wei)簡(jian)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)運(yun)行(xing)失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)，這種(zhong)(zhong)做法不(bu)當，要知道采用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)是為(wei)了(le)提高起(qi)動和(he)運(yun)行(xing)兩種(zhong)(zhong)頻(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)矩(ju)頻(pin)特(te)(te)性，從(cong)而改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)了(le)輸(shu)入(ru)步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)繞(rao)組中(zhong)脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的上升沿和(he)下降沿。用(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)穩定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)得不(bu)到維持，步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)功率(lv)(lv)(lv)相(xiang)應減(jian)小(xiao)，所以在驅動中(zhong)相(xiang)當于容量減(jian)小(xiao)而過載，效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)降低而失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)高低兩套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，即在步(bu)(bu)(bu)進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)繞(rao)組脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通入(ru)瞬間，對其施(shi)以高壓，強(qiang)迫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上升加速；池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)達到一定(ding)值后，再(zai)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)施(shi)以低壓，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)正常運(yun)行(xing)。這種(zhong)(zhong)措施(shi)不(bu)僅使(shi)驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)容量大(da)大(da)減(jian)小(xiao)，同(tong)時(shi)也提高了(le)運(yun)行(xing)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)運(yun)行(xing)特(te)(te)性，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)不(bu)會失(shi)步(bu)(bu)(bu)運(yun)行(xing)。

2、控制繞組一相反繞，影響正常運行

當步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)動機不能正(zheng)常運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時，除上述兩種原(yuan)因(yin)影響速度或(huo)失(shi)步(bu)外(wai)，可能是定了控制繞組有一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)反接(jie)(jie)。當一(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)繞組反接(jie)(jie)，相(xiang)(xiang)當于通(tong)電(dian)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)方向(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)反，電(dian)流(liu)(liu)相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)抵消，電(dian)動機在此相(xiang)(xiang)內無(wu)脈沖(chong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)，運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)失(shi)常或(huo)根本不能運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。在通(tong)電(dian)情況(kuang)下，檢測(ce)三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)就能發現。檢測(ce)出(chu)反接(jie)(jie)相(xiang)(xiang)后，將該相(xiang)(xiang)繞組首末引出(chu)線對調，按(an)正(zheng)確接(jie)(jie)法接(jie)(jie)好(hao)，再通(tong)電(dian)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的檢測(ce)。

3、開路故障

定子控制繞組開路故障，表現(xian)為(wei)一種是引線(xian)(xian)接頭處(chu)斷(duan)或(huo)焊(han)(han)接處(chu)全脫焊(han)(han)，或(huo)從(cong)某一匝中導線(xian)(xian)折斷(duan)；另一種情況是導線(xian)(xian)將(jiang)斷(duan)未斷(duan)，如假焊(han)(han)、虛(xu)焊(han)(han)，或(huo)有裂紋。

此故障可采用檢(jian)測普通三相電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)斷路(lu)(lu)方法來檢(jian)測，較(jiao)方便的是用萬用表電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)檔來檢(jian)測，當指(zhi)針不動或電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)很大，說明(ming)所檢(jian)測一相繞組為開路(lu)(lu)。

修理方法是找到(dao)故(gu)障處，將(jiang)斷(duan)開兩頭漆(qi)皮(pi)刮掉(diao)后擰緊再焊牢，包上絕緣。

4、短路故障

步進電動機定子(zi)控制繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)一般為(wei)單根(gen)導線繞(rao)(rao)(rao)制的多匝繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組(zu)，短(duan)路也是(shi)匝間短(duan)路。檢測方法主要分以下兩步:

目(mu)測法(fa)：凡短路的繞組因短路電流大而過(guo)熱，繞組導(dao)線絕緣層(ceng)有(you)(you)發黑變脆(cui)的糊焦狀(zhuang)，凡有(you)(you)此種情(qing)況的為故障相；

用在通電運(yun)行狀(zhuang)況下，測量(liang)各(ge)相(xiang)電流，凡電流大的相(xiang)為故障相(xiang)。

故(gu)障相找(zhao)到后，如果短路在(zai)端(duan)部(bu)外層，采用加熱繞組(zu)后，輕(qing)輕(qing)撬起短路匝，用薄絕緣紙墊(dian)好，再壓實(shi)，線(xian)圈局部(bu)加熱，再刷(shua)上1032號絕緣漆后烘于即可；如短路嚴重(zhong)不(bu)能局部(bu)修(xiu)理，只有(you)重(zhong)繞線(xian)圈換上。

5、擊穿故障

擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)故障的繞組可目測(ce)(ce)(ce)出，也可用(yong)兆歐表搖(yao)測(ce)(ce)(ce)其絕(jue)緣電阻，一般擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)后繞組將(jiang)接地(di)，檢測(ce)(ce)(ce)相絕(jue)緣電阻為零者，說(shuo)明即擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)又接地(di)。

6、電源裝置故障使步進電動機不能運行

功(gong)率放大(da)失(shi)靈(ling)，門電路(lu)中電子開(kai)關損壞及計數器失(shi)靈(ling)是常發生的(de)。可采用(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)表(biao)及示波器等儀(yi)表(biao)，對(dui)(dui)照線(xian)路(lu)逐段檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)。如測(ce)(ce)出(chu)(chu)放大(da)程(cheng)序(xu)邏輯部分無信(xin)號(hao)或(huo)信(xin)號(hao)弱，說明(ming)功(gong)率驅動(dong)(dong)器有(you)毛病(bing)，對(dui)(dui)其應進一步檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)和排除故障(zhang)至(zhi)有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)常信(xin)號(hao)；當(dang)(dang)電子開(kai)關未(wei)在(zai)(zai)起動(dong)(dong)位置，門電路(lu)就開(kai)通，說明(ming)起動(dong)(dong)開(kai)關已經(jing)損壞，只有(you)更換合格的(de)開(kai)關；如反(fan)饋(kui)信(xin)號(hao)沒(mei)有(you)，即反(fan)饋(kui)沒(mei)有(you)電壓值，說明(ming)反(fan)饋(kui)環節(jie)有(you)故障(zhang)，應檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)脈(mo)沖數選器及整(zheng)形反(fan)相(xiang)(xiang)環節(jie)等，找出(chu)(chu)毛病(bing)調整(zheng)至(zhi)有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)常反(fan)饋(kui)電壓為止(zhi)。當(dang)(dang)發現電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)通電順(shun)序(xu)不對(dui)(dui)，不符合設定(ding)順(shun)序(xu)，說明(ming)環形分配(pei)器失(shi)靈(ling)，因它的(de)級(ji)數應等于電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)數，在(zai)(zai)此情況下，它才按規定(ding)邏輯給電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)各相(xiang)(xiang)繞組依(yi)次通電，使之(zhi)順(shun)序(xu)轉(zhuan)或(huo)逆轉(zhuan)。總之(zhi)，對(dui)(dui)電源裝置應經(jing)常檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)和調試，防止(zhi)故障(zhang)出(chu)(chu)現，影(ying)響電動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)正(zheng)(zheng)常運(yun)行。