步進電機常用術語參數含義大全
1、步進電機的相數
是指電(dian)機(ji)內(nei)部的(de)線圈組(zu)數(shu),目前常(chang)用(yong)的(de)有二相(xiang)、三(san)相(xiang)、四相(xiang)、五相(xiang)步(bu)進電(dian)機(ji)。電(dian)機(ji)相(xiang)數(shu)不同(tong),其步(bu)距角(jiao)(jiao)也不同(tong),一般二相(xiang)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)步(bu)距角(jiao)(jiao)為0.9°/1.8°、三(san)相(xiang)的(de)為0.6°/1.2°、五相(xiang)的(de)為0.36°/0.72°。在沒(mei)有細分(fen)驅動器(qi)時,用(yong)戶主要(yao)靠選擇不同(tong)相(xiang)數(shu)的(de)步(bu)進電(dian)機(ji)來滿足自己步(bu)距角(jiao)(jiao)的(de)要(yao)求。如果使用(yong)細分(fen)驅動器(qi),則相(xiang)數(shu)將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)得(de)意義不大,用(yong)戶只需在驅動器(qi)上改變(bian)(bian)(bian)細分(fen)數(shu),就(jiu)可以改變(bian)(bian)(bian)步(bu)距角(jiao)(jiao)。
2、步進電機拍數
完成一(yi)個(ge)磁場周期性變化(hua)所需脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)數或導電(dian)(dian)狀態,用m表示(shi),或指電(dian)(dian)機轉過一(yi)個(ge)齒距角所需脈(mo)沖(chong)(chong)數,以兩相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)機為(wei)例,有(you)兩相(xiang)(xiang)四拍運行方式即:A相(xiang)(xiang)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),B相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)→A相(xiang)(xiang)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),B相(xiang)(xiang)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)→A相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),B相(xiang)(xiang)正(zheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)→A相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu),B相(xiang)(xiang)負(fu)(fu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。
3、保持轉矩(HOLDING TORQUE)
是指步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)通(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)但沒有轉動(dong)時,定子鎖(suo)住轉子的(de)(de)力矩(ju)(ju)(ju)。它是步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)參數之(zhi)一,通(tong)(tong)常(chang)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)在低速時的(de)(de)力矩(ju)(ju)(ju)接(jie)近保(bao)持(chi)轉矩(ju)(ju)(ju)。由于(yu)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)輸出力矩(ju)(ju)(ju)隨(sui)速度的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大而不斷衰(shuai)減(jian),輸出功(gong)率(lv)也(ye)隨(sui)速度的(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)大而變化(hua),所以保(bao)持(chi)轉矩(ju)(ju)(ju)就成為了衡(heng)量步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)最重要(yao)的(de)(de)參數之(zhi)一。比如,當人們說(shuo)(shuo)2N.m的(de)(de)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji),在沒有特殊(shu)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下是指保(bao)持(chi)轉矩(ju)(ju)(ju)為2N.m的(de)(de)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。由于(yu)步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是控制類電(dian)(dian)機(ji),所以目前常(chang)用步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)最大力矩(ju)(ju)(ju)不超過45Nm,力矩(ju)(ju)(ju)越(yue)大,成本越(yue)高(gao),如果您所選擇的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)力矩(ju)(ju)(ju)較大或超過此范(fan)圍(wei),可(ke)以考慮加配減(jian)速裝置。
4、步進電機步距角
對應一(yi)個脈沖信號,電機(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)轉(zhuan)過(guo)的角位(wei)移(yi),用θ表示。以常規二、四相,轉(zhuan)子(zi)齒為50齒電機(ji)為例。四拍運(yun)行時步(bu)距角為θ=360度/(50*4)=1.8度(俗稱整步(bu)),八(ba)拍運(yun)行時步(bu)距角為θ=360度/(50*8)=0.9度(俗稱半(ban)步(bu))。
5、步進電機定位轉矩
電(dian)機(ji)在不通電(dian)狀(zhuang)態下,電(dian)機(ji)轉子自身的鎖定力矩(由磁場齒形的諧波(bo)以及機(ji)械誤差造成的)。
6、靜轉矩
電(dian)(dian)機(ji)在額定靜態電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)作用下,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)不作旋轉運動時,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉軸(zhou)的(de)鎖定力矩。此(ci)力矩是衡量電(dian)(dian)機(ji)體積的(de)標準,與驅動電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及驅動電(dian)(dian)源等無關。
7、失步
步進(jin)電機運轉時運轉的步數,不等(deng)于理論上的步數。稱之為失步。
8、步進電機正反轉控制
當電(dian)機繞組通電(dian)時(shi)序為(wei)AB-BC-CD-DA或()時(shi)為(wei)正轉,通電(dian)時(shi)序為(wei)DA-CA-BC-AB或()時(shi)為(wei)反轉。
9、最大空載的運行頻率
電機(ji)在(zai)某種驅動形式,電壓及額(e)定電流下(xia),電機(ji)不帶(dai)負(fu)載的最(zui)高轉速(su)頻率。
10、失調角
轉子(zi)齒軸(zhou)線偏移定(ding)子(zi)齒軸(zhou)線的(de)(de)角(jiao)度(du),步進電機運轉必存(cun)在失調角(jiao),由(you)失調角(jiao)產(chan)生的(de)(de)誤(wu)差(cha),采用細分驅動(dong)是不能解決的(de)(de)。
11、最大空載起動頻率
步進電機在某種驅(qu)動(dong)形式、電壓及額(e)定電流下,在不加(jia)負載(zai)的情況下,能(neng)夠直接(jie)起(qi)動(dong)的最(zui)大頻率。
12、步距角精度
步(bu)進電(dian)機每轉過一(yi)個步(bu)距(ju)角的(de)(de)實(shi)際值(zhi)與理論值(zhi)的(de)(de)誤差(cha)。用(yong)百分(fen)比表示:誤差(cha)/步(bu)距(ju)角*100%。不同(tong)運行(xing)拍數其值(zhi)不同(tong),四拍運行(xing)時應(ying)在5%之內,八拍運行(xing)時應(ying)在15%以內。
13、運行矩頻特性
電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)在某種測試條件下測得運(yun)行(xing)中輸(shu)出力矩(ju)(ju)與頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)關系的曲(qu)線稱為運(yun)行(xing)矩(ju)(ju)頻(pin)(pin)特(te)性,這是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)諸多動(dong)態曲(qu)線中最重(zhong)要的,也是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)選擇的根(gen)本依據(ju)。其(qi)它特(te)性還有慣頻(pin)(pin)特(te)性、起動(dong)頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)特(te)性等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)一旦選定,電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的靜(jing)力矩(ju)(ju)確定,而動(dong)態力矩(ju)(ju)卻不然,電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的動(dong)態力矩(ju)(ju)取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)運(yun)行(xing)時的平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),平均電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)越大(da),電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)輸(shu)出力矩(ju)(ju)越大(da),即電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的頻(pin)(pin)率(lv)特(te)性越硬。
14、步進電機的共振點
步進電機均有(you)固定(ding)的共(gong)(gong)振(zhen)區(qu)域,二、四相感應子式步進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的共(gong)(gong)振(zhen)區(qu)一般在180-250pps之(zhi)間或在400pps左右(you),電(dian)(dian)機(ji)驅動電(dian)(dian)壓越高,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)流越大(da),負載越輕,電(dian)(dian)機(ji)體積(ji)越小,則共(gong)(gong)振(zhen)區(qu)向上偏(pian)移,反之(zhi)亦(yi)然,為使電(dian)(dian)機(ji)輸(shu)出電(dian)(dian)矩大(da),不失步和整個系統(tong)的噪音降低(di),一般工作點均應偏(pian)移共(gong)(gong)振(zhen)區(qu)較多(duo)。