一、步進電機是直流還是交流

步進電機不(bu)是(shi)交流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)而是(shi)直流電(dian)(dian)機(ji)。步(bu)進電(dian)(dian)機(ji)是(shi)一種感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)機(ji)，它的工作(zuo)原理是(shi)利用電(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)路，將(jiang)直流電(dian)(dian)變成(cheng)分時(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的，多相(xiang)時(shi)序(xu)控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)流，用這種電(dian)(dian)流為電(dian)(dian)機(ji)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)才能(neng)正常工作(zuo)，驅動器(qi)就(jiu)是(shi)為電(dian)(dian)機(ji)分時(shi)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)的，多相(xiang)時(shi)序(xu)控制(zhi)器(qi)。

雖(sui)然步進電(dian)(dian)(dian)機已被廣泛地應用，但這樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機并不能像(xiang)普通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機，交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)機在常(chang)規(gui)下使(shi)用。它必須由雙環形脈(mo)沖信號、功率驅動電(dian)(dian)(dian)路等組成控制系統方可使(shi)用。通(tong)常(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)為永磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)體，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過定子(zi)(zi)繞組時，定子(zi)(zi)繞組產生一矢(shi)(shi)量磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場。該磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場會帶動轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一角(jiao)(jiao)度，使(shi)得(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)一對磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場方向(xiang)與定子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場方向(xiang)一致。當定子(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)矢(shi)(shi)量磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一個角(jiao)(jiao)度。轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)也隨(sui)著該磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)場轉(zhuan)(zhuan)一個角(jiao)(jiao)度。

每當輸入(ru)一個電(dian)(dian)(dian)脈沖，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)轉動一個角度(du)前(qian)進一步。它輸出的(de)角位移與輸入(ru)的(de)脈沖數成(cheng)正比、轉速與脈沖頻(pin)率(lv)成(cheng)正比。改變繞組通電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)順序(xu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)就會反轉。所以可用控制脈沖數量、頻(pin)率(lv)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)各相繞組的(de)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)順序(xu)來控制步進電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)轉動。

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二、步進電機是無刷電機嗎

步進電機其實是一種特殊的直流無刷電機，只不過步進電機特性特殊，不再劃歸到直流無刷電機類別里。和直流無刷電機相比，步進電機不帶反饋就可以精確地控制電機的位置和速度，而無刷電機不行；同樣(yang)尺寸的情況(kuang)下，步(bu)進電(dian)機的輸(shu)出力矩(ju)(ju)比較大，但跑高速扭(niu)矩(ju)(ju)不行；步(bu)進電(dian)機是一步(bu)步(bu)旋轉(zhuan)的，噪聲比無刷電(dian)機大；通常步(bu)進電(dian)機效率也(ye)比無刷電(dian)機低，所以發熱量會大一些(xie)。

其實步進電機、直流電機(ji)和無(wu)刷(shua)直流電機(ji)之間主(zhu)要不同就是驅動方式。

1、步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)以步(bu)階方式(shi)分段移動(dong)，采用直(zhi)接(jie)控制方式(shi)，其主要(yao)指(zhi)令和控制變量為步(bu)進(jin)位置。主要(yao)以“開環模(mo)式(shi)”運行，步(bu)進(jin)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)由單脈沖(chong)電(dian)(dian)壓直(zhi)接(jie)驅動(dong)，不(bu)需要(yao)霍爾元件定位。通(tong)過控制添(tian)加(jia)到電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的脈沖(chong)數，可以精確定位旋(xuan)轉角(jiao)度。

2、直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)通常(chang)采(cai)用連續(xu)運動控制方式，以電(dian)機(ji)電(dian)壓為(wei)控制變(bian)量，位(wei)置(zhi)或速度(du)為(wei)指(zhi)令(ling)變(bian)量，需要(yao)一(yi)個反饋控制系(xi)(xi)統，該系(xi)(xi)統將間接控制電(dian)機(ji)位(wei)置(zhi)，無刷直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)機(ji)轉速高于步進電(dian)機(ji)。

3、由于驅動原(yuan)理不同，一般(ban)無刷直流電(dian)機用(yong)于控制(zhi)精度(du)不高的場合。步進電(dian)機用(yong)于需要控制(zhi)精度(du)的場合。