蓮子,是睡蓮(lian)科水生(sheng)草本植物蓮(lian)的種子。又稱蓮(lian)實、蓮(lian)米、蓮(lian)肉,具有補脾止瀉,止帶,益腎澀精,養心安神之功效,常用于脾虛泄瀉,帶下,遺精,心悸失眠。蓮子以湘蓮為(wei)優,湘蓮歷(li)來作為(wei)進貢朝廷的珍品,故又稱“貢蓮”。蓮子包括紅蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)、白(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)、石(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)三種(zhong)。石(shi)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)是指成熟甚至(zhi)陷于(yu)淤泥的(de)(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)蓬(peng)剝下來(lai)或(huo)自(zi)然掉(diao)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)帶黑(hei)色外(wai)種(zhong)皮(pi)的(de)(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)。紅(hong)(hong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)是指除(chu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)外(wai)種(zhong)皮(pi)的(de)(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi),一般分(fen)為去(qu)(qu)(qu)芯和不(bu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)芯兩種(zhong),白(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)是指去(qu)(qu)(qu)掉(diao)內種(zhong)皮(pi)的(de)(de)(de)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi),也分(fen)去(qu)(qu)(qu)芯不(bu)去(qu)(qu)(qu)芯兩種(zhong)。幾種(zhong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)功效(xiao)基本相同但使用(yong)上略有(you)區別:紅(hong)(hong)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)帶紅(hong)(hong)色外(wai)皮(pi),一般用(yong)于(yu)養心安神的(de)(de)(de)比較多,白(bai)蓮(lian)(lian)(lian)(lian)子(zi)色白(bai),一般用(yong)于(yu)潤肺健脾的(de)(de)(de)多。
蓮(lian)子的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)以湘蓮(lian)品質(zhi)最好(hao)。其皮(pi)(pi)色(se)淡(dan)紅,皮(pi)(pi)紋細致,粒大(da)飽滿,生吃(chi)微甜,一煮就酥,食之軟糯清香。紅蓮(lian)質(zhi)量(liang)較(jiao)差,其粒形瘦長,皮(pi)(pi)色(se)暗花,臍部下陷,中(zhong)心空間較(jiao)大(da),生吃(chi)味淡(dan),久煮不酥。有的(de)蓮(lian)子看(kan)起來(lai)又白又干凈(jing),實際這(zhe)種蓮(lian)子很有可能使用了(le)對人體(ti)有害的(de)化學(xue)漂白劑(ji),而且這(zhe)些物質(zhi)會對肝臟造成傷害,引起重金(jin)屬(shu)中(zhong)毒。真正優質(zhi)的(de)蓮(lian)子,去皮(pi)(pi)后(hou)外(wai)表仍會有一點(dian)皺皮(pi)(pi)或(huo)未處理(li)干(gan)凈的(de)紅皮,劣質的(de)則在刀(dao)口處有突起。蓮子(zi)經水蒸會發(fa)生膨脹(zhang),散(san)發(fa)出一(yi)種清香,而(er)添(tian)加了化學制劑的(de)蓮子(zi)幾乎不膨脹(zhang),還會有一(yi)種堿(jian)味。