簡介
象山王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)墓(mu)(mu)地,東(dong)晉尚書、左仆射(she)王(wang)(wang)彬(bin)(bin)(bin)的(de)(de)家族墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)群。位于(yu)(yu)江(jiang)蘇省南(nan)京市北郊幕府山西南(nan)的(de)(de)象山上。1965~1970年(nian)(nian)(nian),南(nan)京市文物保管(guan)委員會先后發掘了7座,除2號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)系(xi)南(nan)朝(chao)墓(mu)(mu)外,余均(jun)為(wei)東(dong)晉墓(mu)(mu)。據(ju)墓(mu)(mu)志,1號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)是(shi)王(wang)(wang)彬(bin)(bin)(bin)的(de)(de)第(di)4子、征西大將(jiang)軍行參軍、贛令王(wang)(wang)興之夫(fu)婦墓(mu)(mu),王(wang)(wang)興之卒于(yu)(yu)咸康(kang)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(340),其(qi)妻宋(song)和(he)之卒于(yu)(yu)永和(he)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(348)。3號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)是(shi)王(wang)(wang)彬(bin)(bin)(bin)的(de)(de)長女王(wang)(wang)丹虎(hu)(hu)(hu),升(sheng)平(ping)(ping)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(359)卒。5號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)是(shi)王(wang)(wang)興之的(de)(de)元子王(wang)(wang)閩(min)之,升(sheng)平(ping)(ping)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)卒。6號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)是(shi)王(wang)(wang)彬(bin)(bin)(bin)的(de)(de)繼室(shi)夫(fu)人(ren)夏金虎(hu)(hu)(hu),太元十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(392)卒。據(ju)王(wang)(wang)興之和(he)王(wang)(wang)丹虎(hu)(hu)(hu)墓(mu)(mu)志,確知王(wang)(wang)彬(bin)(bin)(bin)應葬(zang)于(yu)(yu)兩者之間,但(dan)墓(mu)(mu)早已破壞。王(wang)(wang)彬(bin)(bin)(bin)官至尚書、左仆射(she),年(nian)(nian)(nian)五十九卒。死后贈特進(jin)衛將(jiang)軍、加散(san)騎常侍(shi),謚曰肅。據(ju)考證:7號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)應屬(shu)東(dong)晉早期,可(ke)能即為(wei)其(qi)次兄(xiong)王(wang)(wang)廙(yi)之墓(mu)(mu)。王(wang)(wang)廙(yi)官至平(ping)(ping)南(nan)將(jiang)軍、荊州刺史、武陵侯,死后喪還建康(kang)。王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)原籍瑯(lang)邪(xie)臨沂(yi),是(shi)東(dong)晉政權的(de)(de)主要統治支柱(zhu)之一。已發掘的(de)(de)王(wang)(wang)氏(shi)族葬(zang)區達5萬平(ping)(ping)方米以上,隨葬(zang)品較豐富,對研究(jiu)東(dong)晉時期的(de)(de)土族門閥(fa)制度(du)、喪葬(zang)制度(du)等具有重(zhong)要價值(zhi)。墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)均(jun)系(xi)磚結構。
墓室
均(jun)(jun)系(xi)磚(zhuan)結構。 7號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)為(wei)平面(mian)呈(cheng)凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)四隅券(quan)進(jin)式穹窿頂(ding)(ding)(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),由(you)棺(guan)室(shi)和(he)甬道兩(liang)(liang)部分構成(cheng),全長5.3米,寬3.22米,高3.42米。左(zuo)右壁(bi)(bi)呈(cheng)弧形(xing)(xing)(xing)稍向(xiang)外(wai)鼓(gu),左(zuo)、右、后(hou)3壁(bi)(bi)中間各砌直(zhi)欞(ling)假(jia)窗,其上又各砌一個(ge)凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)壁(bi)(bi)龕,內各置(zhi)一青瓷小(xiao)碗。甬道為(wei)券(quan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),以(yi)門槽為(wei)界(jie)分內外(wai)兩(liang)(liang)進(jin)。以(yi)磚(zhuan)封(feng)門。1、2、4、6號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)(jun)為(wei)平面(mian)呈(cheng)凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)券(quan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),分棺(guan)室(shi)和(he)甬道兩(liang)(liang)部分。3號(hao)和(he)5號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)平面(mian)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、不設(she)甬道的(de)(de)(de)券(quan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)壁(bi)(bi)也砌有(you)(you)(you)直(zhi)欞(ling)假(jia)窗和(he)凸(tu)字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)小(xiao)壁(bi)(bi)龕,6號(hao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)在棺(guan)室(shi)前部尚砌有(you)(you)(you)長方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)臺。各墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)(jun)有(you)(you)(you)鋪地(di)磚(zhuan)兩(liang)(liang)層,一般都有(you)(you)(you)通向(xiang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)排水溝,如王丹虎墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)前有(you)(you)(you)5層磚(zhuan)砌成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)排水溝,發掘時殘存17米以(yi)上,有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)內四壁(bi)(bi)還涂有(you)(you)(you)石灰。
隨葬品
共出土隨葬品(pin)230余件(jian),可分為(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷器(qi)、陶(tao)器(qi)、銅(tong)器(qi)、鐵器(qi)以(yi)及(ji)金(jin)銀、瑪瑙(nao)、琥珀、水晶、玉石(shi)等。3號墓(mu)還出土主要成(cheng)分為(wei)(wei)硫化汞(gong)的(de)丹丸200余粒(li)(li)、貝殼狀飾幾(ji)千(qian)粒(li)(li)、珍珠幾(ji)十(shi)粒(li)(li)。7號墓(mu)出土玻璃(li)杯(bei)2只、嵌金(jin)鋼(gang)石(shi)金(jin)環1只,屬(shu)國外輸(shu)入品(pin),是(shi)反映當時中外貿易(yi)交往的(de)重要實物。青(qing)(qing)(qing)瓷器(qi)共57件(jian),釉色以(yi)青(qing)(qing)(qing)灰為(wei)(wei)主,其(qi)次(ci)為(wei)(wei)青(qing)(qing)(qing)綠(lv)和(he)黃綠(lv)色,某(mou)些(xie)器(qi)物的(de)上部和(he)器(qi)蓋(gai)上綴醬色釉斑點。器(qi)形有盤(pan)口壺(hu)(hu)、雞首壺(hu)(hu)、罐(guan)、碗、唾壺(hu)(hu)以(yi)及(ji)香熏、燈(deng)、洗、盤(pan)、盆、虎子、羊(yang)等。 7號墓(mu)在棺室和(he)甬道之間陳放陶(tao)榻,長1.12米(mi),寬(kuan)0.65米(mi),高(gao)0.214米(mi),器(qi)形之大(da)亦屬(shu)少(shao)見,其(qi)上置(zhi)陶(tao)憑幾(ji)、陶(tao)盤(pan)、陶(tao)耳杯(bei)、瓷香熏、瓷唾壺(hu)(hu)和(he)陶(tao)硯等日(ri)常生(sheng)活用(yong)器(qi)和(he)文具(ju),當是(shi)主人的(de)神位所在。