六朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)期,長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)岸線北移,莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)形成(cheng)(cheng)。南(nan)(nan)唐時(shi)期,時(shi)稱(cheng)橫塘(tang),因(yin)其(qi)依傍石頭城,亦稱(cheng)石城湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。明朝(chao)(chao)初年(nian)(nian),莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)沿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)畔筑樓(lou)(lou)臺十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)座(zuo);明朝(chao)(chao)中(zhong)葉,莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)徐達后裔(yi)、魏(wei)國公徐氏別業(ye),成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)金(jin)陵名(ming)園之一(yi)。清朝(chao)(chao)乾隆(long)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1793年(nian)(nian)),莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進行大規模整治(zhi),沿湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)修筑“郁金(jin)堂”等(deng)樓(lou)(lou)臺十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余(yu)座(zuo);咸豐年(nian)(nian)間,建(jian)筑及(ji)花樹毀于(yu)戰火;清朝(chao)(chao)同治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)),重建(jian)莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)景(jing)(jing)漸復舊觀。民(min)國十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(1929年(nian)(nian)),莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)被辟為(wei)(wei)公園。莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)屬(shu)于(yu)淺水(shui)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊,由長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)、秦淮河(he)(he)沖積(ji)平原的(de)(de)低洼處積(ji)水(shui)而成(cheng)(cheng),原是(shi)秦淮河(he)(he)入江(jiang)(jiang)口河(he)(he)槽,因(yin)泥沙淤積(ji)而成(cheng)(cheng)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)。南(nan)(nan)北長(chang)約680米,東西(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)約770米,湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)面標高4米,主要功能為(wei)(wei)景(jing)(jing)觀水(shui)域和非直接接觸的(de)(de)娛樂用水(shui)。莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)自古便有“江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)(nan)第一(yi)名(ming)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)”、“金(jin)陵第一(yi)名(ming)勝”、“金(jin)陵四十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)八景(jing)(jing)之首”等(deng)美(mei)譽,園中(zhong)亭(ting)臺、樓(lou)(lou)閣、水(shui)榭等(deng)掩映在山石、花木中(zhong),一(yi)派“欲將西(xi)(xi)子(zi)莫愁(chou)比,難向煙波判是(shi)非。但覺西(xi)(xi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)輸一(yi)著,江(jiang)(jiang)帆云(yun)外(wai)拍云(yun)飛(fei)”的(de)(de)宜(yi)人景(jing)(jing)色。春天(tian)的(de)(de)海棠、夏天(tian)的(de)(de)荷花,也(ye)總能吸(xi)引一(yi)些攝(she)影愛好者,是(shi)南(nan)(nan)京非常有名(ming)的(de)(de)旅游景(jing)(jing)點和休閑園林。
莫(mo)愁(chou)女故居建(jian)筑群(qun)包括郁金堂、蘇合(he)廂(xiang)(xiang),該(gai)組(zu)建(jian)筑始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)朝中葉。莫(mo)愁(chou)女故居位(wei)于(yu)勝棋樓之西,比勝棋樓矮半層,取(qu)之為男(nan)尊女卑的建(jian)筑風格。蘇合(he)廂(xiang)(xiang)位(wei)于(yu)郁金堂正南,蘇合(he)廂(xiang)(xiang)與郁金堂通過(guo)四合(he)院(yuan)連為一體。今院(yuan)內(nei)墻壁上嵌(qian)有清人書(shu)(shu)梁武帝蕭衍《河中之水歌》、清人繪莫(mo)愁(chou)小像(xiang)、郭沫若詩詞等書(shu)(shu)畫碑刻(ke)。清乾隆五十八(ba)年(nian)(1846年(nian)),江(jiang)(jiang)寧知府李(li)堯棟捐俸重修莫(mo)愁(chou)湖時(shi)始(shi)名。同治十年(nian)(1871年(nian)),兩江(jiang)(jiang)總督(du)曾國(guo)藩重建(jian)。
郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)位(wei)于(yu)勝(sheng)棋樓之(zhi)西(xi),始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)南朝梁武(wu)帝(di)時(shi)期。郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)面(mian)闊六間(jian),進深二間(jian),磚木(mu)(mu)結構,后進為卷棚頂(ding),建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積162.79平方(fang)米。清朝乾隆五(wu)十八(ba)年(1793年),重建(jian)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang);咸豐年間(jian),毀于(yu)戰火(huo);同治十年(1871年),曾國藩(fan)重建(jian)郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang);民(min)國二十年(1931年),郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)復(fu)遭水(shui)淹。翌年,南京市(shi)長石瑛重修。1959年,將郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)建(jian)筑(zhu)格局改(gai)為背水(shui)面(mian)南。1981年劉海粟行書“郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)”木(mu)(mu)刻置堂(tang)(tang)(tang)上(shang)。郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)西(xi)是南北兩廳,東西(xi)有回廊環繞的賞荷(he)亭,中(zhong)間(jian)是荷(he)花池(chi),池(chi)中(zhong)石上(shang)有一(yi)座(zuo)2米多(duo)高的漢白玉(yu)莫(mo)愁女(nv)塑像(xiang)。相傳南齊時(shi)盧家(jia)女(nv)莫(mo)愁居(ju)此,莫(mo)愁女(nv)喜郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)之(zhi)香,梁武(wu)帝(di)蕭衍《河中(zhong)之(zhi)水(shui)歌》“盧家(jia)蘭室桂為梁,中(zhong)有郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)蘇合香”可以(yi)為證(zheng),郁(yu)(yu)(yu)金(jin)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)之(zhi)名即得自該詩。
蘇合(he)廂位于(yu)郁金(jin)堂正南,“蘇合(he)廂”之(zhi)名,取自梁武帝(di)(di)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍《河中之(zhi)水(shui)歌(ge)》“盧家蘭(lan)室(shi)桂為梁,中有(you)郁金(jin)蘇合(he)香”一詩中。蘇合(he)廂與郁金(jin)堂通過四合(he)院(yuan)連為一體,建筑面積111.10平方米,磚木結構。清朝乾隆五(wu)十(shi)八年(nian)(1793年(nian)),由江寧知府李堯棟主持(chi)修建。1959年(nian)改建。內(nei)懸(xuan)掛有(you)1914年(nian)陳祖庥的木刻(ke)楹聯,四合(he)院(yuan)內(nei)墻壁上則(ze)嵌(qian)有(you)梁武帝(di)(di)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍《河中之(zhi)水(shui)歌(ge)》、清人(ren)朱柏容、今人(ren)郭沫若等人(ren)的碑刻(ke)詩詞,院(yuan)內(nei)古碑刻(ke)均為市級(ji)文物保護單位。
莫愁(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)位于郁金堂四(si)合院(yuan)之(zhi)西(xi),由(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)回(hui)廊(lang)、賞荷廳、四(si)方亭(ting)、光(guang)華(hua)庭(ting)、江(jiang)(jiang)天(tian)小(xiao)閣(ge)和觀(guan)(guan)魚(yu)(yu)池組成,水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)植荷蓮,有(you)磯石(shi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)回(hui)廊(lang)環水(shui)(shui)(shui)而建(jian)(jian),串聯(lian)起院(yuan)內各建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),面積139.53平方米(mi)(mi),廊(lang)壁嵌有(you)魯迅、錢松(song)喦(nie)、林散之(zhi)、費新我等人書法碑刻(ke)(ke)。賞荷廳位于水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)北(bei)(bei)首,共(gong)四(si)間,面積118.84平方米(mi)(mi),磚木(mu)結構,墻壁亦有(you)石(shi)刻(ke)(ke)碑銘。四(si)方亭(ting)居(ju)水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao),高(gao)二層(ceng),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積42.34平方米(mi)(mi),清朝光(guang)緒十四(si)年(1888年)建(jian)(jian),原為(wei)木(mu)結構,1974年翻建(jian)(jian),檐以下(xia)改為(wei)混合結構,頂部仍為(wei)木(mu)結構。《金陵古跡名勝》云(yun):“曾云(yun)閣(ge)有(you)角(jiao)樓,聳臨湖上(shang),登(deng)眺(tiao)極佳(jia)”。光(guang)華(hua)庭(ting)位于水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)南首,磚木(mu)結構,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)面積68.99平方米(mi)(mi),亭(ting)內曾懸“月到(dao)風來閣(ge)”匾,現不存,今木(mu)刻(ke)(ke)楹(ying)聯(lian)曾廣照撰書。江(jiang)(jiang)天(tian)小(xiao)閣(ge),位于水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)西(xi)北(bei)(bei)角(jiao),高(gao)兩層(ceng),曾為(wei)曾國藩憑眺(tiao)感懷之(zhi)處。觀(guan)(guan)魚(yu)(yu)池在(zai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)中(zhong)央,水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)植荷養魚(yu)(yu)。1979年在(zai)池中(zhong)磯石(shi)上(shang)置立漢白(bai)玉莫愁(chou)女雕像,像高(gao)2.1米(mi)(mi),重2噸,作采桑歸狀。1981年由(you)錢松(song)喦(nie)隸(li)書通水(shui)(shui)(shui)院(yuan)門額“到(dao)此(ci)莫愁(chou)”。
勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)位(wei)于華嚴(yan)庵庭院北(bei)首,始建于明朝(chao)洪武年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)。勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)坐北(bei)朝(chao)南,為(wei)(wei)明清(qing)(qing)風格的(de)二層樓(lou)(lou)房(fang),歇山頂,磚木(mu)結構,面(mian)闊(kuo)五間(jian),進深十一(yi)檁(lin),建筑面(mian)積592.07平方米(mi)。相傳(chuan)明太(tai)祖朱元璋與(yu)(yu)中山王徐達(da)常在此(ci)下棋(qi)。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)咸豐(feng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian),勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)毀于兵火。清(qing)(qing)朝(chao)同治十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1871年(nian)(nian)(nian)),曾(ceng)國藩主持于原址復建勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)。相傳(chuan)原樓(lou)(lou)額(e)為(wei)(wei)朱元璋親題(ti),今(jin)門(men)楣上“勝(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)”三字,乃晚清(qing)(qing)進士、中興名臣、時任江寧布政使梅啟照所書。樓(lou)(lou)上中堂(tang)北(bei)壁掛(gua)有明太(tai)祖朱元璋畫像,南端掛(gua)有徐達(da)畫像,正門(men)與(yu)(yu)中堂(tang)問朱元璋徐達(da)對弈處(chu)有模擬(ni)對弈局、古紅木(mu)家具(ju)擺設及范(fan)曾(ceng)1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)繪《對弈圖(tu)》。木(mu)刻楹聯為(wei)(wei)長(chang)沙張兆(zhao)鹿偉堂(tang)光緒癸未年(nian)(nian)(nian)題(ti):“粉黛(dai)江山留得半湖(hu)煙(yan)雨,王侯事業都如一(yi)局棋(qi)枰。”
華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵位于(yu)莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)大(da)門正北,名(ming)來源于(yu)“華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)經”,為(wei)莫愁(chou)湖(hu)(hu)南岸(an)的一座古剎。清朝乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)初年(nian),住持僧道(dao)成曾(ceng)集(ji)合(he)僧眾在此修(xiu)行(xing)。乾(qian)(qian)隆(long)五十八年(nian)(1793年(nian)),江寧知府李堯棟重(zhong)修(xiu)華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵。重(zhong)修(xiu)后(hou)的華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵為(wei)三(san)(san)券廊拱門,磚木結(jie)構,有(you)殿宇數十間,勝(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)、郁金堂、抱月樓(lou)、湖(hu)(hu)心亭(ting)亦在庵內。道(dao)光年(nian)間,邑(yi)人(ren)姚氏對華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵進(jin)行(xing)了擴(kuo)建(jian),華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵共有(you)殿宇四十八間。咸豐(feng)年(nian)間,華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵毀于(yu)戰火。同治三(san)(san)年(nian)(1864年(nian)),曾(ceng)國藩重(zhong)修(xiu),時人(ren)別稱“妙(miao)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵”。學者張(zhang)文虎常與友人(ren)集(ji)于(yu)庵內,吟詩作賦。1959年(nian)移(yi)至景區(qu)大(da)門正北落地重(zhong)建(jian)。華嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)庵庵門建(jian)筑面闊三(san)(san)間,磚木結(jie)構,建(jian)筑面積97.58平方米,明清風格,大(da)門懸掛陸鴻(hong)吉民國三(san)(san)年(nian)(1914)8月題楹聯:“于(yu)此間得(de)少佳趣微斯人(ren)吾(wu)與誰歸”,兩側置花崗石獅一對,庭院內配以湖(hu)(hu)石假山,東院門有(you)蕭嫻1981年(nian)隸書“采蓮(lian)齋”額。西側有(you)回廊與勝(sheng)棋(qi)樓(lou)相(xiang)連。
抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)位于莫(mo)愁(chou)湖西(xi)南岸,由一亭一臺(tai)二(er)角亭組成(cheng),是一座二(er)層(ceng)混(hun)合結構(gou)的古典建筑(zhu),建筑(zhu)面積1300平(ping)方米,樓(lou)(lou)亭臺(tai)基較高(gao),臺(tai)基壁(bi)面鑲嵌著(zhu)200余塊(kuai)刻有水(shui)滸(hu)、三(san)國(guo)故事之(zhi)青石浮雕,倒覆蓮花瓣。建于1960年(nian)。抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)北側有三(san)面臨(lin)水(shui)方圓600平(ping)方米之(zhi)水(shui)上平(ping)臺(tai),南側臨(lin)坡(po)為古典舞臺(tai),是景區舉辦文藝(yi)演出的主要活動場所。樓(lou)(lou)前的一對石獅,系1966年(nian)由南京市(shi)政(zheng)府東大(da)門遷此。“抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)”匾額(e)由書法家蕭嫻1981年(nian)題寫。1983年(nian)參照原設計圖建成(cheng),因其部分建筑(zhu)構(gou)件是由二(er)郎(lang)廟拆移而來,故一度(du)稱作“二(er)郎(lang)廟”。抱月(yue)樓(lou)(lou)二(er)樓(lou)(lou)是觀(guan)賞“莫(mo)愁(chou)煙雨”的佳處。
海(hai)棠(tang)精(jing)品(pin)園位于莫愁湖西區,占地面積約12600平方(fang)米。園內栽植海(hai)棠(tang)近千株,四十多個品(pin)種(zhong)。主要品(pin)種(zhong)有龍形海(hai)棠(tang)、莫愁紅、長壽樂、貼梗海(hai)棠(tang)、東洋錦、世界(jie)一號、白雪公主、高樁一品(pin)香、北美海(hai)棠(tang)系列(lie)等。
棋(qi)文館位于勝棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)之東部,以弘(hong)揚莫愁湖內傳承有緒的(de)棋(qi)奕文化。勝棋(qi)樓(lou)(lou)名得自明太(tai)祖(zu)朱元璋(zhang)與中山王徐達的(de)弈(yi)棋(qi),其歷(li)史已有六(liu)百多(duo)年(nian)。受此影響(xiang),明清以來(lai)莫愁湖已成為歷(li)代帝王將相、達官顯貴、富商(shang)巨(ju)賈、文人(ren)騷客弈(yi)棋(qi)交游的(de)活動場(chang)所之一。
鄒(zou)魯碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)位于莫愁(chou)湖南岸(an)待(dai)渡亭(ting)(ting)西(xi),又稱追思亭(ting)(ting)。民國三(san)十七年(nian)(1948年(nian)),鄒(zou)魯受邀撰《重修建國粵軍陣亡將士墓記》一文(wen),并刻石立(li)(li)于粵軍陣亡將士墓旁。1981年(nian),重立(li)(li)鄒(zou)魯碑(bei)。2005年(nian),新建八角重檐碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting),稱為(wei)鄒(zou)魯碑(bei)亭(ting)(ting)。
古(gu)典(dian)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)館位于莫愁水院(yuan)西(xi)側,是典(dian)型(xing)的江南園林庭院(yuan)建筑。館內家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)展(zhan)覽分為三個廳(ting)堂,分類展(zhan)出二百余件清代古(gu)典(dian)家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)。這些家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)選用酸枝、花梨上等木材制成。其種類多(duo)樣(yang),有(you)寶座(zuo)、案幾、八仙桌、翰(han)臺,還有(you)棋桌、帶軸圓桌等,造型(xing)奇特,做工精巧。其中(zhong)部分家(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)系成套展(zhan)示,尤(you)為珍貴。
中日(ri)友好鳶尾(wei)園位于(yu)院內(nei)北圩(wei)水榭周邊,是中國首家(jia)品(pin)種(zhong)最多、栽(zai)(zai)植規模最大的菖(chang)(chang)(chang)蒲(pu)專(zhuan)類園,占地10000平(ping)方(fang)米,以道路為(wei)界(jie)劃分(fen)為(wei)黃菖(chang)(chang)(chang)蒲(pu)栽(zai)(zai)植區(qu)、燕(yan)子花栽(zai)(zai)植區(qu)、溪(xi)蓀(sun)栽(zai)(zai)植區(qu)、品(pin)種(zhong)栽(zai)(zai)植區(qu),有品(pin)種(zhong)花菖(chang)(chang)(chang)蒲(pu)為(wei)214個、燕(yan)子花4個、溪(xi)蓀(sun)53個。鳶尾(wei)園自1995年建(jian)成以來,公園下大力加強對鳶尾(wei)的引種(zhong)、繁殖和栽(zai)(zai)培管理(li)工(gong)作,同(tong)時還(huan)注意加強文化交流,日(ri)本友人先后多次來公園進行(xing)技術(shu)指導并贈送新品(pin)種(zhong)。
粵軍(jun)陣亡將士(shi)墓(mu)(mu)位于(yu)水(shui)榭(xie)荷花池之(zhi)北,始建(jian)(jian)于(yu)民國(guo)元年(1912年),占地(di)面積208平方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),坐西朝東,青石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)結構,成(cheng)圓(yuan)拱形(xing)二層(ceng)(ceng),下層(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),直徑4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),有勒腳(jiao)線,上層(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)1.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),墓(mu)(mu)廓有長1.44米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1.04米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長方形(xing)遺骸(hai)池,池口安(an)放原烈士(shi)碑(bei)(bei)13塊。墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)(bei)分碑(bei)(bei)座(zuo)(zuo)、碑(bei)(bei)身(shen)(shen)、碑(bei)(bei)頭三部(bu)分,碑(bei)(bei)身(shen)(shen)寬1.45米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)3.15米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。正面嵌著孫中山先生手(shou)書(shu)“建(jian)(jian)國(guo)成(cheng)仁”4字,碑(bei)(bei)后有黃(huang)興撰文(wen)粵軍(jun)殉(xun)難義士(shi)碑(bei)(bei)。墓(mu)(mu)前有石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獅兩(liang)座(zuo)(zuo),并鋪(pu)有7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)踏(ta)步(bu)7級,兩(liang)側各有高(gao)1米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)6根,石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)間銜接著長1.44米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),高(gao)0.65米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)欄板,墓(mu)(mu)地(di)全以條(tiao)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鋪(pu)裝(zhuang),圍(wei)以37.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)青磚(zhuan)圍(wei)墻。墓(mu)(mu)北首(shou)有汪(wang)(wang)偽(wei)時(shi)建(jian)(jian)無欄單拱石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo),架于(yu)內塘至(zhi)湖水(shui)道上,跨度(du)5.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3.35米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。1964年改城磚(zhuan)橋面為青石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋面。1991年加漢白玉橋欄。東南首(shou)亦有汪(wang)(wang)偽(wei)時(shi)建(jian)(jian)無欄單拱石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)橋一(yi)座(zuo)(zuo),跨度(du)5.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),寬3.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。
6月(yue)1日-8月(yue)31日:06:30-21:30
9月1日-5月31日:07:00-21:00
景點開放時間:
(1)勝(sheng)棋(qi)樓片區及棋(qi)文(wen)館、家具館:
4月1日—10月31日:8:00—17:30
11月1日—3月31日:8:30—17:00
(2)莫愁水院(yuan):
4月1日—10月31日:7:30—18:00
11月1日(ri)(ri)—3月31日(ri)(ri):8:00—17:30
(3)夜公園開放時(shi)間:
8月1日—9月1日:19:30—20:30
公交:
1、漢中門大街35號(北門):南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交9路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交15路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交20路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交29路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交68路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交82路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交127路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交133路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交204路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交307路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交552路(lu)(lu)、南(nan)(nan)(nan)京公(gong)(gong)交D12路(lu)(lu)莫愁(chou)新(xin)寓(yu)站
2、水西門大街132號(南門):南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)7路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)10路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)13路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)19路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)37路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)41路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)48路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)132路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)134路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)160路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)166路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)204路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)306路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)D9路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)G6路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)Y7路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)、南(nan)京(jing)(jing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)Y13路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)莫愁湖(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)園南(nan)門站
地鐵:
南京地鐵2號線莫(mo)愁湖站。
莫愁(chou)湖位(wei)于長江(jiang)、秦(qin)(qin)淮河(he)(he)形成(cheng)的(de)(de)沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan),地(di)勢低(di)下(xia),北面(mian)長江(jiang),東面(mian)外秦(qin)(qin)淮河(he)(he)。莫愁(chou)湖是低(di)地(di)湖泊(bo),由(you)長江(jiang)、秦(qin)(qin)淮河(he)(he)沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)低(di)洼(wa)處積(ji)水(shui)(shui)而成(cheng),原(yuan)是秦(qin)(qin)淮河(he)(he)入江(jiang)口河(he)(he)槽,因(yin)泥(ni)沙淤(yu)積(ji)而成(cheng)湖。沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)的(de)(de)形成(cheng)年代并(bing)不久,據歷史記載(zai),在(zai)三(san)國東吳(wu)以(yi)前(qian),這(zhe)里(li)還是露(lu)出長江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)的(de)(de)幾處小沙洲(zhou)。當時長江(jiang)河(he)(he)床緊靠(kao)今日南京城墻的(de)(de)位(wei)置,以(yi)后江(jiang)流外徙,秦(qin)(qin)淮河(he)(he)也向北延伸,沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)才逐(zhu)漸向外擴展。由(you)于地(di)勢低(di)下(xia),地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)高,低(di)洼(wa)處就積(ji)水(shui)(shui)形成(cheng)湖泊(bo)。
莫(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)屬(shu)于(yu)淺水(shui)(shui)湖(hu)泊,南北(bei)(bei)長約(yue)(yue)680米(mi),東西寬(kuan)約(yue)(yue)770米(mi),湖(hu)面標高4米(mi),湖(hu)的(de)東北(bei)(bei)角有兩處雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)排(pai)放(fang)口(kou)。莫(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)范圍內(nei)年降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)約(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)78.54萬立方米(mi),湖(hu)體年蒸發(fa)量(liang)約(yue)(yue)47.56萬立方米(mi),2015、2016年莫(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)年排(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)分別約(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)32.98、39.89萬立方米(mi)。莫(mo)(mo)愁湖(hu)主要(yao)功能(neng)為(wei)(wei)景觀水(shui)(shui)域和非(fei)直接接觸(chu)的(de)娛樂用水(shui)(shui),已(yi)無調蓄能(neng)力(li)。
莫愁湖屬亞熱帶季風氣候,其主要特點是四季分明,夏熱冬冷,春秋兩季歷時短暫,雨量集中,春濕多變,秋高氣爽,梅雨顯著,夏雨集中。莫愁(chou)湖年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)在(zai)15℃,全年(nian)七、八月份(fen)最(zui)(zui)熱,歷(li)年(nian)七、八月份(fen)最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)32—38℃左右(you),以(yi)一月份(fen)最(zui)(zui)冷,歷(li)年(nian)一月份(fen)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)-1.5℃,極端最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)43℃,極端最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)-14℃,最(zui)(zui)大凍(dong)土深度(du)9—10厘米,無霜期230天左右(you)。全年(nian)日(ri)照1989.2小(xiao)時左右(you)。年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水量1124毫(hao)米,降(jiang)水日(ri)124.2天,雨季集中在(zai)6一8月份(fen),雨量占全年(nian)50%以(yi)上,從每年(nian)6月下旬至7月中旬,相對濕度(du)最(zui)(zui)大(76%—81%),陰雨天較多,這(zhe)就是江南的梅雨季節。
莫愁湖常年主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)向為東北風(feng)(feng),冬半(ban)年(10—3月)主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)向,風(feng)(feng)速(su)、風(feng)(feng)頻(pin)(pin)均(jun)以北東一東北東風(feng)(feng)為主(zhu),冬季(ji)氣(qi)壓高(1040—1060毫(hao)巴),相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)73%—75%,絕對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)5%—10%,平速(su)風(feng)(feng)速(su)1.63—2.38米/秒,夏(xia)半(ban)年(4—9月)主(zhu)導(dao)風(feng)(feng)向、風(feng)(feng)速(su)、風(feng)(feng)頻(pin)(pin)以東南東風(feng)(feng)為主(zhu),高溫季(ji)節(jie)(7月下(xia)旬(xun)至8月中旬(xun)),則(ze)以西南風(feng)(feng)為主(zhu),夏(xia)季(ji)氣(qi)壓低(1011—1025毫(hao)巴),相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)75%—80%,絕對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)17.5%—30%,平均(jun)風(feng)(feng)速(su)為2.1—2.7米/秒。
莫愁湖有中(zhong)華秋沙鴨、白(bai)鶴(he)、小天鵝、灰鶴(he)、紅腹錦雞、水(shui)獺、虎(hu)紋蛙等(deng)多種(zhong)國家一、二(er)級(ji)保護(hu)動物;有各(ge)類昆(kun)蟲(chong)近80種(zhong),其中(zhong)有叉犀金龜、田鱉(bie)、中(zhong)華奧(ao)鍬甲、烏(wu)木白(bai)大蠶蛾等(deng)二(er)、三級(ji)國家保護(hu)昆(kun)蟲(chong)8種(zhong),有魚類70種(zhong)。
莫愁湖有各類野生植物100多種,其中有水蕨、蓮、野菱、銀杏、水杉、樟樹、紅椿、喜樹、核桃、黃蓮、青檀、紫莖、猬實等一、二、三級國家保護植物13種。莫(mo)愁湖(hu)周圍(wei)地(di)勢低洼,自古多植楊柳,湖(hu)泊中(zhong)栽荷(he)蓮,荷(he)花(hua)與肥藕為第二綠化景觀。1964年配合地(di)形改造(zao),植花(hua)木1259株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),其中(zhong)沿湖(hu)岸增補植垂(chui)柳131株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),陸地(di)植以海棠(tang)類為主(zhu)的花(hua)木,共植貼梗海棠(tang)30株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、西府海棠(tang)200株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、垂(chui)絲(si)海棠(tang)350株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),有(you)17個品種(zhong)1235株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)海棠(tang),垂(chui)柳209株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。此(ci)后引進觀葉植物(wu)200余種(zhong),有(you)120余種(zhong)適應南京地(di)區生長。其中(zhong)有(you)秋海棠(tang)40種(zhong),天(tian)南星科、鳳梨(li)科50余種(zhong)。