絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)樂據(ju)史籍記載(zai)可追溯(su)至(zhi)初唐(tang)。619年(唐(tang)武德二(er)年)十一(yi)(yi)月,李(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)率兵從龍門渡(du)黃(huang)河,屯(tun)(tun)兵柏壁(bi)秦王堡,討(tao)伐劉武周。新絳(jiang)縣(xian)還遺存著(zhu)李(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)屯(tun)(tun)兵柏壁(bi)時(shi)用的(de)擂(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)臺。據(ju)說(shuo)當時(shi)的(de)人們(men)為慶祝秦王在各(ge)個戰(zhan)役中(zhong)取得(de)的(de)勝(sheng)利,創作(zuo)了一(yi)(yi)部表現李(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)部隊的(de)車輪聲、馬(ma)蹄聲、人喊馬(ma)叫聲,并(bing)具有氣壯山(shan)河氣勢的(de)樂曲(qu)(qu) 《秦王破(po)(po)陣樂》。《舊唐(tang)書(shu)·音樂志(zhi)》載(zai):“自破(po)(po)陣舞以下,皆擂(lei)大鼓(gu)(gu),雜以龜茲之樂,聲振百里,動蕩山(shan)谷(gu)。”秦王李(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)也(ye)(ye)因軍(jun)民(min)(min)為歌頌他而創作(zuo)的(de)這首(shou)(shou)擂(lei)鼓(gu)(gu)喧天(tian)的(de)樂曲(qu)(qu)《秦王破(po)(po)陣樂》感(gan)到(dao)自豪。李(li)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)民(min)(min)繼任皇帝后,將此曲(qu)(qu)調入宮(gong)中(zhong),凡遇大典盛(sheng)宴,無(wu)不表演(yan)這首(shou)(shou)燕樂大曲(qu)(qu),以炫耀自己(ji)在滅隋建唐(tang)時(shi)的(de)功績。清(qing)朝(chao)《直隸絳(jiang)州志(zhi)》曰:“歲時(shi)社(she)祭(ji)、夏冬兩(liang)季,又鄉鎮多香火,扮社(she)鼓(gu)(gu)演(yan)劇,招集(ji)販粥人甚便之。”民(min)(min)國時(shi)出版的(de)《新絳(jiang)縣(xian)志(zhi)》也(ye)(ye)曾說(shuo):“每(mei)逢賽(sai)社(she)之期,必(bi)演(yan)劇數(shu)日,扮演(yan)各(ge)種故事,如鑼鼓(gu)(gu)。”新中(zhong)國成立至(zhi)上世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)紀80年代(dai)中(zhong)期,絳(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)樂一(yi)(yi)直是(shi)當地(di)民(min)(min)間社(she)火中(zhong)的(de)主要(yao)項目,也(ye)(ye)是(shi)祭(ji)祀、慶典、婚嫁和廟會活(huo)動中(zhong)的(de)主角。它(ta)還積累(lei)了《小秦王亂點兵》、《嘰呱啦(la)》、《廈坡滾核(he)桃》、《老虎磕牙》、《牛斗虎》等(deng)300余首(shou)(shou)曲(qu)(qu)牌。新絳(jiang)民(min)(min)間一(yi)(yi)直流傳著(zhu)“北岸的(de)棍,西(xi)岸的(de)鞭,石(shi)坡上的(de)镲兒鐃得(de)歡(huan),八莊的(de)鑼鼓(gu)(gu)震破(po)(po)天(tian)”、“北行(xing)莊的(de)踩板扎得(de)高,不如南行(xing)莊的(de)鼓(gu)(gu)兒敲得(de)好”等(deng)俗(su)語。
絳州(zhou)鼓樂素有“地動山(shan)搖”、“聞聲十里”之譽。
花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)在(zai)(zai)絳(jiang)(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最具代(dai)表(biao)性。它所(suo)(suo)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)多面形(xing)制不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現(xian)有(you)(you)十(shi)幾種(zhong)(zhong)敲(qiao)(qiao)奏(zou)(zou)技(ji)(ji)法,即擊鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)邊、墨鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)釘(ding)(ding)、蹭鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)面、打(da)(da)(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)幫、抽鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)皮、磕(ke)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)環、碰(peng)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)(jia)、單槌滾、雙(shuang)槌擂、槌相(xiang)(xiang)搓、槌相(xiang)(xiang)擊、槌相(xiang)(xiang)打(da)(da)(da)、捶相(xiang)(xiang)挑。這(zhe)些(xie)技(ji)(ji)法構成絳(jiang)(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)地方色(se)彩(cai)(cai),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)地方色(se)彩(cai)(cai)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)風(feng)格緊(jin)密相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。民間(jian)將絳(jiang)(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)分三路(lu),各(ge)路(lu)各(ge)有(you)(you)常用(yong)(yong)曲目(mu),南路(lu)有(you)(you)《嘰呱(gua)啦》、《啦呱(gua)嘰》、《扎咚呱(gua)》等(deng),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)有(you)(you)《釘(ding)(ding)缸》、《麻雀(que)踩(cai)蛋》等(deng),北路(lu)有(you)(you)《牛(niu)斗(dou)虎(hu)》、《鳳(feng)凰單展翅》、《獅子(zi)撩繡球》等(deng)。絳(jiang)(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)大(da)致可分為(wei)賽社(she)(she)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)(he)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩(liang)類。賽社(she)(she)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)亦稱鬧年鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)或社(she)(she)火鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)于賽社(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)春(chun)節(jie)期間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)社(she)(she)火活動(dong),含有(you)(you)清音鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)套曲為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu))和(he)(he)(he)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)舞(wu)蹈性表(biao)演(yan)(yan)),是(shi)(shi)絳(jiang)(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)代(dai)表(biao)。賽社(she)(she)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)(he)穿(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)著稱,花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)又名花(hua)(hua)腔鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、花(hua)(hua)慶鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),全(quan)套樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)只有(you)(you)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)、板兩(liang)類,無鐃鈸,也無其(qi)他銅質樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)俗稱干鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu),為(wei)新絳(jiang)(jiang)縣獨(du)有(you)(you)。花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)共有(you)(you)28件,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)24面扁鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)代(dai)表(biao)24個(ge)節(jie)令(ling),另有(you)(you)兩(liang)副夾板、兩(liang)副梆(bang)子(zi),分別象征(zheng)四獸(shou):牛(niu)、虎(hu)、獅子(zi)、麒麟,取黃牛(niu)之(zhi)(zhi)忠、老虎(hu)之(zhi)(zhi)猛、獅子(zi)之(zhi)(zhi)威、麒麟之(zhi)(zhi)祥(xiang),意求(qiu)事事如意、年年豐收。夾板是(shi)(shi)拍(pai)板的(de)(de)(de)俗稱,現(xian)在(zai)(zai)惟花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)還(huan)保留了(le)拍(pai)板。鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)一(yi)(yi)般都是(shi)(shi)鑼(luo)(luo)打(da)(da)(da)節(jie)拍(pai),只有(you)(you)花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)用(yong)(yong)拍(pai)板、梆(bang)子(zi)打(da)(da)(da)節(jie)拍(pai)。持者踏拍(pai)起舞(wu),鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)作伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)。花(hua)(hua)敲(qiao)(qiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)最初流(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)于上游(you)村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)古堆和(he)(he)(he)三泉一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),如今已(yi)經(jing)形(xing)成了(le)三個(ge)流(liu)(liu)派:南路(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上院(yuan)村(cun)(cun)為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)路(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)三泉村(cun)(cun)為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)、北路(lu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)南行(xing)(xing)莊(zhuang)為(wei)代(dai)表(biao)。演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)者充分利用(yong)(yong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)個(ge)部(bu)位以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)及鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)槌、鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)架(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)(de)最佳聲音進行(xing)(xing)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou),它所(suo)(suo)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)(le)(le)器(qi)是(shi)(shi)多面形(xing)制不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)。現(xian)有(you)(you)十(shi)幾種(zhong)(zhong)敲(qiao)(qiao)奏(zou)(zou)技(ji)(ji)法,這(zhe)些(xie)技(ji)(ji)法構成絳(jiang)(jiang)州鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)地方色(se)彩(cai)(cai),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)地方色(se)彩(cai)(cai)與(yu)(yu)其(qi)獨(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)藝術(shu)風(feng)格緊(jin)密相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)(lian)。穿(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)因表(biao)演(yan)(yan)者穿(chuan)古戲裝而得名,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)流(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)于新絳(jiang)(jiang)縣鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)水流(liu)(liu)域的(de)(de)(de)東八(ba)莊(zhuang)和(he)(he)(he)西七莊(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)三泉村(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)影響(xiang)較(jiao)大(da)。穿(chuan)箱(xiang)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)場地鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),行(xing)(xing)進中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)段(duan)較(jiao)為(wei)簡單,場地演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)一(yi)(yi)般以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)套為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)時以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)(yu)大(da)鈸為(wei)一(yi)(yi)聲部(bu)群,小(xiao)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)(yu)唐鑼(luo)(luo)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)聲部(bu)群,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)鑼(luo)(luo)為(wei)節(jie)。在(zai)(zai)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)演(yan)(yan)奏(zou)(zou)者還(huan)要(yao)表(biao)演(yan)(yan) “跑鑼(luo)(luo)”(舞(wu)蹈),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)甩動(dong)頭上的(de)(de)(de)野雞翎(ling)“甩翎(ling)”,是(shi)(shi)頗需功(gong)夫的(de)(de)(de)特(te)技(ji)(ji)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)。鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)吹鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)指婚(hun)喪(sang)壽喜所(suo)(suo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le),這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)樂(le)(le)(le)還(huan)包括嗩吶(na)伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)(he)(he)道士雜樂(le)(le)(le)鑼(luo)(luo)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)形(xing)式,屬于吹打(da)(da)(da)樂(le)(le)(le)。
《秦王(wang)(wang)破陣樂》在民間頗為(wei)流傳(chuan),尤其(qi)是明、清兩代,鼓樂進入鼎盛時期。新中國成立以后,絳(jiang)州(zhou)鼓樂更(geng)在發(fa)展、壯大(da);后來隨著(zhu)農(nong)村經濟(ji)條件的(de)(de)不斷改善,絳(jiang)州(zhou)鼓樂得(de)到了(le)很大(da)發(fa)展。在《秦王(wang)(wang)破陣樂》的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,整理出了(le)《秦王(wang)(wang)點(dian)兵(bing)》、《夏坡(po)滾(gun)(gun)核桃》等(deng)精彩曲目,并且參加了(le)山西省的(de)(de)首屆藝(yi)術(shu)節。1988年(nian),在北京舉行(xing)的(de)(de)“全國龍年(nian)音樂周”中,新絳(jiang)縣(xian)農(nong)民業余(yu)鼓樂隊上京演(yan)(yan)出,得(de)到了(le)國內外輿(yu)論的(de)(de)一(yi)致稱贊。他們演(yan)(yan)奏的(de)(de)《秦王(wang)(wang)點(dian)兵(bing)》、《夏坡(po)滾(gun)(gun)核桃》,以其(qi)震動山河(he)的(de)(de)磅礴氣勢和(he)令(ling)人振(zhen)奮的(de)(de)旋律獲得(de)了(le)極大(da)的(de)(de)成功。
絳州(zhou)鼓樂歷史(shi)悠久,深受當地人民喜愛,具有一定的社會歷史(shi)價值和藝(yi)術(shu)價值。