【陽臺蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)子催芽(ya)】陽臺蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)子催芽(ya)的(de)方(fang)法 蔬(shu)菜種(zhong)子催芽(ya)多長時間可以播種(zhong)
各種蔬菜種子在發芽過程中都要求適宜的水分、氧氣、溫度和光照等條件,只有在具備這些條件的前提下,一切生理過程才能完成,胚器官才能利用貯藏的營養進行生長最終完成發芽。所有種子催芽(ya)都經過選種、消毒、浸種、催芽(ya)這四個階段。
選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一定要(yao)選(xuan)籽粒飽(bao)滿,大(da)小(xiao)一致,純度高(gao)的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,要(yao)去掉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子里的(de)(de)泥土雜質(zhi),以(yi)免影響發芽或造成(cheng)爛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),最好選(xuan)經過(guo)消毒的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子。浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是催芽前很重要(yao)的(de)(de)一步(bu),直接影響到催芽的(de)(de)成(cheng)果,浸種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)時間(jian)一定要(yao)控制好。催芽的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)是適(shi)合種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發芽的(de)(de)溫(wen)度和時間(jian)。
1、香菜(芫荽)
香菜(cai)性(xing)喜冷(leng)涼氣(qi)候,耐(nai)(nai)寒而不(bu)耐(nai)(nai)熱(re),適(shi)于春,晚(wan)秋(qiu)栽培,夏(xia)秋(qiu)季(ji)節氣(qi)溫高,雨水(shui)多,栽培難度大(da)(da)(da),且產量很低(di),因此(ci)各地栽培很少(shao)。播(bo)(bo)種前先把種果搓開,用一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)桶清水(shui)浸(jin)12至24小時,置20-32℃溫度催芽,待大(da)(da)(da)部分種子發芽后(hou)即可播(bo)(bo)種。如果夏(xia)秋(qiu)反(fan)季(ji)節栽培香菜(cai),宜(yi)選用耐(nai)(nai)熱(re)性(xing)好(hao),抗病,抗逆性(xing)強的泰國四季(ji)大(da)(da)(da)粒(li)香菜(cai)品種。
2、菠菜
菠菜種子(zi)皮厚,通氣和透水能(neng)力差,不容易(yi)發芽。先用木樁破皮,將種子(zi)浸泡12小時后(hou),再放入4℃冰箱(xiang)中處理24小時,然后(hou)在20-25℃條件下(xia)催(cui)芽。
3、胡蘿卜
胡蘿卜種(zhong)子外皮有(you)革(ge)質且厚,表面(mian)長(chang)有(you)刺毛,不(bu)易播(bo)勻,也不(bu)利(li)種(zhong)子與土壤緊密(mi)接觸。所以,采收后先晾(liang)曬1-2天,宜立即將毛搓去,再行(xing)浸(jin)種(zhong),催芽(ya)。
4、芹菜
芹(qin)菜種(zhong)子皮厚且(qie)堅,有油腺(xian),難透水(shui),發芽慢且(qie)不整(zheng)齊,可用清(qing)水(shui)沖洗,輕輕搓揉(rou),搓開(kai)種(zhong)皮,然后(hou)低溫催芽,高于(yu)25℃則發芽困難。
5、冬瓜、苦瓜、茄子
種(zhong)子種(zhong)皮厚,泡種(zhong)時間(jian)長(chang)了易裂口,泡種(zhong)時間(jian)短了,種(zhong)子吸水少又難出芽。因(yin)此,可在播(bo)種(zhong)前一個星期用濕沙拌(ban)種(zhong)放(fang)在潮濕而(er)低(di)溫的條件下,再在28-30℃的溫度(du)下催芽。另外,用2﹪的硝酸鉀(jia)溶液浸種(zhong)3-4天,可顯著提高發(fa)芽率。
6、落葵(湯菜、木耳菜)
落(luo)葵種(zhong)殼厚而硬,春播要用溫水20-30℃浸(jin)種(zhong)1-2天(tian),然后用濕(shi)布包(bao)好放在25℃左右的(de)溫度(du)下催芽(ya)。
7、黃瓜、西甜瓜
用0.2﹪的(de)高錳酸鉀溶液浸種(zhong)30分(fen)鐘,并且不斷攪(jiao)拌(ban),之(zhi)后(hou)在(zai)清水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)漂(piao)洗(xi)(xi)干凈,以防藥液傷及種(zhong)胚,然后(hou)將種(zhong)子(zi)放入(ru)60℃溫水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)不停(ting)攪(jiao)拌(ban),15分(fen)鐘后(hou)降至(zhi)30℃,搓洗(xi)(xi)去除種(zhong)子(zi)外的(de)粘(zhan)液,用紗(sha)布包好(hao)催(cui)芽,溫度保(bao)持在(zai)25-30℃之(zhi)間(jian),每日用25℃溫水(shui)(shui)沖洗(xi)(xi)兩次,直至(zhi)60﹪種(zhong)子(zi)開嘴露芽時,即(ji)可播種(zhong),催(cui)芽時間(jian)約(yue)為1-2天。
8、辣椒、番茄
先用(yong)10﹪磷酸(suan)三(san)鈉(na)溶(rong)液浸(jin)20分(fen)鐘或0.2﹪高錳(meng)酸(suan)鉀溶(rong)液浸(jin)20-30分(fen)鐘,可(ke)以鈍化種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子帶(dai)的(de)(de)病毒。一般用(yong)50-55℃溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子放入(ru)溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)中不(bu)斷攪拌,水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)降到(dao)30℃時停止(zhi)攪拌,浸(jin)泡3-4小時,但(dan)要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)過(guo)(guo)高燙死種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,或浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時間(jian)過(guo)(guo)長(chang)使(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子窒息死亡(wang)。浸(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后要(yao)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子攤涼一會,再(zai)用(yong)紗布包好放入(ru)25-30℃恒溫(wen)箱,如果沒有氧的(de)(de)供應,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子不(bu)能(neng)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya),若在缺氧嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)情況(kuang)下,則(ze)產生并(bing)積累乙醇等有害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi)而(er)導致胚中毒,發(fa)(fa)生爛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。催芽(ya)時間(jian)不(bu)能(neng)過(guo)(guo)長(chang),以免種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子過(guo)(guo)長(chang),芽(ya)子太長(chang),播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時易折斷。如遇天氣(qi)等特殊原因要(yao)推遲播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時,可(ke)使(shi)催芽(ya)溫(wen)度降到(dao)5-10℃。
9、萵苣
種子清洗后(hou)(hou)浸種5-10小時,取出(chu)置于5℃低溫(wen)下一(yi)晝夜,然后(hou)(hou)攤在濕毛巾(紗布)上(shang)(shang),上(shang)(shang)面(mian)再(zai)蓋一(yi)層紗布保(bao)濕,室內(nei)見光催芽,1-2天后(hou)(hou)播(bo)種,播(bo)后(hou)(hou)保(bao)持土(tu)壤(rang)濕潤,以不蓋土(tu)出(chu)苗為好。
10、菜碗豆
選用優質新種(zhong)子,用25-30℃溫(wen)水浸種(zhong)1-2天(tian),置(zhi)于(yu)20-30℃溫(wen)度下催芽,大(da)部分種(zhong)子發芽后即(ji)可播種(zhong)。
11、大蒜
在(zai)(zai)播前15-20天,將蒜(suan)瓣(ban)分(fen)(fen)級后(hou),放在(zai)(zai)清(qing)水中淘洗(xi)一下撈(lao)出,放在(zai)(zai)地窖或陰涼(liang)的室內。將蒜(suan)瓣(ban)鋪放在(zai)(zai)地面或窖面,厚約(yue)7-10厘米,然后(hou)蓋土。蓋土濕度(du)以手(shou)捏成團、落地即散為(wei)度(du)。經過15-20天的“潮蒜(suan)”處理(li),大(da)部分(fen)(fen)蒜(suan)瓣(ban)發(fa)出白根(gen)時即可(ke)播種(zhong),播種(zhong)后(hou)5-8天即可(ke)出苗。
12、西芹
用48℃溫水浸種30分(fen)鐘,然后用濕紗(sha)布包裹置于15-20℃溫度下催(cui)芽,并經常淘(tao)洗,7-12天后種子發芽時即可(ke)播種。