詳細介紹
該宅為(wei)清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)年間(jian)(jian)徽商潘麟兆所建,南(nan)臨(lin)衛道觀(guan)(guan)前(qian)(qian),北(bei)至混(hun)堂(tang)巷,占地7500平方米(mi),坐北(bei)朝南(nan),可分五路(lu)六進,規模(mo)龐(pang)大,屋宇高峻,裝修精致,是清(qing)代(dai)中(zhong)期蘇州富商第(di)宅的代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)建筑(zhu),現狀基本(ben)完整。正路(lu)偏西,依次為(wei)門廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)、大廳(ting)(ting)(ting)及三(san)(san)進樓(lou)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)。大廳(ting)(ting)(ting)額“禮耕堂(tang)”,硬(ying)山(shan)造(zao),面闊五間(jian)(jian)17米(mi),進深13.7米(mi)。扁作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)梁結構(gou)(gou),前(qian)(qian)廊施(shi)一支香軒,廳(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)置前(qian)(qian)后船篷(peng)軒,中(zhong)為(wei)四(si)界大梁,前(qian)(qian)檐挑檁頭雕(diao)水(shui)浪龍(long)頭鯉魚,內(nei)挑雕(diao)靈(ling)芝梁墊(dian)(dian)。花(hua)崗巖臺(tai)基高55厘米(mi),明間(jian)(jian)設(she)踏(ta)步三(san)(san)級。廳(ting)(ting)(ting)內(nei)左右梢間(jian)(jian)原(yuan)隔有(you)矮墻半欄,喜慶祝壽(shou)時,大廳(ting)(ting)(ting)權作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戲臺(tai),男賓(bin)在(zai)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)中(zhong)觀(guan)(guan)賞,半欄外專供女賓(bin)看戲聽曲。該廳(ting)(ting)(ting)結構(gou)(gou)規整,用(yong)材壯碩,制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精細(xi),為(wei)清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)后期具有(you)代(dai)表性(xing)(xing)的作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品。后堂(tang)樓(lou)為(wei)五開間(jian)(jian)兩廂樓(lou),重檐式,樓(lou)下前(qian)(qian)施(shi)鶴脛軒、船篷(peng)軒,梁墊(dian)(dian)雕(diao)花(hua)卉。東邊路(lu)前(qian)(qian)部(bu)為(wei)鴛鴦廳(ting)(ting)(ting),梁架前(qian)(qian)為(wei)圓(yuan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),后為(wei)扁作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。前(qian)(qian)院有(you)白皮松、紫薇等名(ming)木古樹,原(yuan)有(you)假山(shan)被拆,僅存(cun)零星湖石。
大廳原有(you)"禮耕堂"匾額,系硬(ying)山造(zao),面闊五間(jian)17米(mi),進深13.7米(mi),臺基(ji)為花崗(gang)石(shi)(shi)鎖口石(shi)(shi)加側(ce)塘石(shi)(shi),高55厘米(mi),鎖
口(kou)石厚達26厘米(mi)。明間(jian)設(she)(she)置(zhi)(zhi)踏步(bu)三(san)級,制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精(jing)細,平整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)光滑。扁作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)梁(liang)架(jia)構(gou),前(qian)(qian)廊設(she)(she)一枝(zhi)香軒,廳(ting)(ting)內(nei)置(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)船篷(peng)(peng)軒,中(zhong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)四界大梁(liang)。前(qian)(qian)檐(yan)挑檁(lin)頭(tou)雕(diao)(diao)水(shui)浪(lang)龍頭(tou)鯉魚,內(nei)挑雕(diao)(diao)靈(ling)(ling)芝梁(liang)墊(dian),原(yuan)廳(ting)(ting)內(nei)左(zuo)右稍間(jian)隔有(you)(you)(you)(you)矮墻半欄(lan)(lan),喜慶祝壽時,大廳(ting)(ting)權作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)戲臺,男賓(bin)在廳(ting)(ting)中(zhong)觀賞(shang),半欄(lan)(lan)外供女(nv)賓(bin)看戲聽曲(qu)。綜觀該大廳(ting)(ting),結(jie)構(gou)規整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng),用材粗(cu)壯,制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精(jing)細,為(wei)(wei)(wei)清乾隆(long)時期(qi)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)代(dai)表性(xing)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品。后(hou)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)五(wu)間(jian)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)廂樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),重檐(yan)式(shi),樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)前(qian)(qian)構(gou)鶴脛軒、船篷(peng)(peng)軒、梁(liang)墊(dian)雕(diao)(diao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)各種花(hua)卉(hui),保(bao)存(cun)完(wan)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)。東(dong)路前(qian)(qian)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鴛鴦(yang)廳(ting)(ting),梁(liang)架(jia)前(qian)(qian)圓作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)后(hou)扁作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。廳(ting)(ting)前(qian)(qian)庭院中(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)白皮(pi)松、紫薇(wei)等(deng)古(gu)樹名木,原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)假(jia)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)已被拆走,僅存(cun)零星湖石。全宅共有(you)(you)(you)(you)八座磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),現中(zhong)路轎廳(ting)(ting)、大廳(ting)(ting)、堂(tang)(tang)(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)(qian)各一座保(bao)存(cun)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)完(wan)好,刻(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)乾隆(long)五(wu)十(shi)二年款(kuan)。每座門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)各具(ju)特(te)色(se)。轎廳(ting)(ting)前(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)3.25米(mi),硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)磚(zhuan)博風(feng),脊吻(wen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)外開口(kou)龍頭(tou)。飛(fei)椽微(wei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)卷剎,檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)立雕(diao)(diao)蓮花(hua)式(shi)一斗三(san)升斗拱,上枋(fang)素(su)平。枋(fang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)葵式(shi)亂紋(wen)(wen)嵌花(hua)結(jie)掛落。字(zi)碑(bei)題刻(ke)"居德斯頤"四字(zi),以蝙(bian)蝠、荷葉鑲(xiang)邊(bian)(bian)。門(men)楣上的(de)(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)枋(fang)"一塊玉",雕(diao)(diao)鎖(suo)形兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)各穿一圓孔花(hua)錢。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)造型(xing)(xing)繁簡(jian)分明,雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精(jing)良。轎廳(ting)(ting)背后(hou)面(mian)對(dui)禮耕堂(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)磚(zhuan)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)歇山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),三(san)落水(shui),翼角(jiao)起翹,面(mian)寬(kuan)3.35米(mi)。斗拱六(liu)朵,出(chu)華拱三(san)跳(tiao)(tiao),兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)加(jia)楓拱。上枋(fang)雕(diao)(diao)纏(chan)枝(zhi)牡(mu)丹三(san)方,垂(chui)柱(zhu)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)曲(qu)尺回(hui)紋(wen)(wen),立雕(diao)(diao)靈(ling)(ling)芝吊籃。字(zi)碑(bei)題刻(ke)"秉經酌雅"四字(zi),左(zuo)右兜(dou)肚起凸線(xian)香熏圖雕(diao)(diao)飾(shi)(shi)(shi),周飾(shi)(shi)(shi)回(hui)紋(wen)(wen)邊(bian)(bian)。鑲(xiang)邊(bian)(bian)鏤(lou)(lou)空立雕(diao)(diao)各式(shi)花(hua)草紋(wen)(wen),平座置(zhi)(zhi)回(hui)紋(wen)(wen)勾欄(lan)(lan),下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)回(hui)紋(wen)(wen)鑲(xiang)花(hua)結(jie)掛落。垛頭(tou)素(su)平,勒腳為(wei)(wei)(wei)須彌(mi)座式(shi)。安清水(shui)磚(zhuan)貼面(mian)庫門(men)。整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)造型(xing)(xing)美觀,上部(bu)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)華麗,下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)部(bu)穩重簡(jian)潔,目前(qian)(qian)保(bao)存(cun)完(wan)好。第四進堂(tang)(tang)(tang)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前(qian)(qian)磚(zhuan)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)最為(wei)(wei)(wei)精(jing)致,硬(ying)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)做磚(zhuan)細博風(feng)。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)寬(kuan)3.33米(mi),字(zi)碑(bei)被粉刷,有(you)(you)(you)(you)待清理。檐(yan)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)回(hui)紋(wen)(wen)。斗拱兩(liang)(liang)(liang)跳(tiao)(tiao),楓拱鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)各式(shi)花(hua)草。該磚(zhuan)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)體(ti)采用立體(ti)鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)工(gong)藝(yi),雕(diao)(diao)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)突出(chu)底面(mian)。上枋(fang)、下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)枋(fang)、兜(dou)肚、垂(chui)柱(zhu)及兩(liang)(liang)(liang)側(ce)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian),滿雕(diao)(diao)四季花(hua)卉(hui),中(zhong)央以牡(mu)丹為(wei)(wei)(wei)主,兩(liang)(liang)(liang)邊(bian)(bian)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)梅、蘭、竹、菊、桂、桃花(hua)、雞冠花(hua)、石榴、靈(ling)(ling)芝、佛手、壽桃,集名花(hua)仙果于一處,千姿(zi)百態(tai),古(gu)色(se)古(gu)香。最引人注(zhu)目的(de)(de)是,左(zuo)右垂(chui)柱(zhu)定盤枋(fang)各雕(diao)(diao)飾(shi)(shi)(shi)一只蟾(chan)蜍,神態(tai)畢具(ju),栩栩如生。門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)脊頭(tou)鏤(lou)(lou)雕(diao)(diao)蝙(bian)蝠流云和(he)飛(fei)龍流云,凸出(chu)于白墻間(jian),飄(piao)然欲動。潘(pan)宅中(zhong)路保(bao)存(cun)的(de)(de)這(zhe)三(san)座磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)門(men)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),各具(ju)特(te)色(se),構(gou)圖嚴(yan)謹,制作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)精(jing)細,雕(diao)(diao)鏤(lou)(lou)工(gong)巧,充分體(ti)現蘇(su)州傳統手工(gong)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)高超技藝(yi),堪稱清代(dai)磚(zhuan)雕(diao)(diao)上品,具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)較高的(de)(de)歷史和(he)藝(yi)術價值。