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基本介紹

蘇(su)州古城內南顯(xian)子巷(xiang)的安徽會(hui)館(guan)，建(jian)(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)清同治(zhi)四年至六(liu)年(1865-1867)，屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)惠(hui)蔭園(yuan)(yuan)部(bu)(bu)分，為(wei)(wei)(wei)江(jiang)蘇(su)省(sheng)文物保護單位。該處在(zai)(zai)明代(dai)嘉(jia)靖(jing)年間為(wei)(wei)(wei)歸(gui)湛初(chu)宅園(yuan)(yuan)，由(you)周(zhou)秉忠(zhong)布(bu)畫，建(jian)(jian)有臺(tai)榭池石及(ji)水(shui)假山(shan)(shan)。后(hou)屬胡汝淳，名“洽(qia)隱(yin)山(shan)(shan)房”，后(hou)荒廢。清順治(zhi)六(liu)年韓(han)馨入城購歸(gui)氏(shi)廢園(yuan)(yuan)，修為(wei)(wei)(wei)棲隱(yin)地，名“洽(qia)隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)”。康熙四十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年毀(hui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)火(huo)，惟(wei)存(cun)東南半壁(bi)奇峰(feng)秀石。乾隆十(shi)(shi)六(liu)年重葺二楹于(yu)(yu)(yu)占(zhan)石洞(dong)口，由(you)蔣蟠漪(yi)篆書“小林屋”字(zi)額(e)。后(hou)歸(gui)皖人倪蓮舫知府，修建(jian)(jian)后(hou)易名“皖山(shan)(shan)別墅”。咸豐(feng)年間，傳說太平天國聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陳炳(bing)文曾(ceng)居此(ci)(ci)。潘(pan)鐘瑞《蘇(su)臺(tai)麋(mi)鹿記(ji)》載：“南北(bei)顯(xian)子巷(xiang)合(he)而為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)府，包人洽(qia)隱(yin)園(yuan)(yuan)，巷(xiang)道中截。”按太平天國王(wang)(wang)(wang)、將占(zhan)富室巨宅臨時駐(zhu)扎，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“打館(guan)”，潘(pan)所稱王(wang)(wang)(wang)府實際上是打館(guan)性質，聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)在(zai)(zai)蘇(su)僅是短暫駐(zhu)扎，該處應(ying)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)陳炳(bing)文所打之館(guan)。范圍內南顯(xian)子巷(xiang)6號(hao)韓(han)宅、7號(hao)周(zhou)宅，北(bei)顯(xian)子巷(xiang)4號(hao)陳宅、6號(hao)、11號(hao)江(jiang)宅也都是有磚刻門(men)樓(lou)的大宅，亦應(ying)被聽(ting)(ting)王(wang)(wang)(wang)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)臨時駐(zhu)扎所用(yong)。安徽旅蘇(su)同鄉會(hui)設(she)于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)。在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)曾(ceng)設(she)閱報社，一度改為(wei)(wei)(wei)游藝(yi)場，游客眾多，2002年1月18日(ri)《姑蘇(su)晚報》刊登了“七(qi)十(shi)(shi)年前(qian)的一幀老照片(pian)——惠(hui)蔭園(yuan)(yuan)秋(qiu)禊圖”。張(zhang)榮培有《重游皖山(shan)(shan)別墅》詩曰：“不(bu)到游蹤二十(shi)(shi)年，墜歡重拾渺如煙。樓(lou)臺(tai)繚曲還依舊，花木凋零(ling)卻遜(xun)前(qian)。試剔苔痕摹古篆，且邀茶(cha)話論(lun)新泉。此(ci)(ci)中雅有天臺(tai)勝，笑我(wo)劉郎骨未(wei)仙。”1940年張(zhang)建(jian)(jian)初(chu)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)創(chuang)辦私立育英女子初(chu)中，1946年停辦。抗戰勝利后(hou)，東部(bu)(bu)散為(wei)(wei)(wei)民居，西(xi)部(bu)(bu)一度由(you)女俠施劍(jian)翹創(chuang)辦從云小學，成為(wei)(wei)(wei)地下(xia)黨活(huo)動(dong)的主要(yao)場所。

“安(an)徽(hui)會館(guan)”磚(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓在(zai)小巷深處(chu)(chu)，門(men)(men)(men)(men)樓前有新建的(de)鐵欄護欄包圍(wei)護衛。左右有石庫門(men)(men)(men)(men)各(ge)一，門(men)(men)(men)(men)上包鉛皮釘(ding)釘(ding)有裝飾(shi)(shi)及(ji)虛空大字(zi)，連同西側的(de)“皖山別墅”大門(men)(men)(men)(men)，從東(dong)向西依(yi)次為“福”、“祿”、“壽”三(san)字(zi)。“福”字(zi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)上有磚(zhuan)飾(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額“憩棠”、“祿”字(zi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)上有磚(zhuan)飾(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)額“敬(jing)梓”。原(yuan)安(an)徽(hui)會館(guan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)前照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)處(chu)(chu)及(ji)程公(gong)祠(ci)前照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)現(xian)為幾家民(min)居，昭忠祠(ci)大門(men)(men)(men)(men)現(xian)為一初中(zhong)(zhong)校門(men)(men)(men)(men)，對而照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)曾為籃球場，現(xian)為學校照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)，書4個一米見方大字(zi)“惠(hui)蔭書苑(yuan)”。現(xian)在(zai)一初中(zhong)(zhong)為南顯子巷18號。東(dong)面(mian)(mian)齊(qi)迎曉(xiao)里，南面(mian)(mian)是南顯子巷朝南一排幾個門(men)(men)(men)(men)面(mian)(mian)，原(yuan)巷對面(mian)(mian)的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)墻(qiang)處(chu)(chu)現(xian)已(yi)建有民(min)居，西面(mian)(mian)臨民(min)宅(zhai)，北面(mian)(mian)至懸橋巷沿河線。

從門(men)(men)廳進(jin)(jin)去，便是一(yi)(yi)天井，左右有(you)月(yue)(yue)(yue)洞門(men)(men)通行，利用月(yue)(yue)(yue)洞門(men)(men)兩(liang)面(mian)(mian)都有(you)磚額，如“泛(fan)舟”、“學(xue)海”、“博學(xue)”、“篤行”等，前面(mian)(mian)第(di)(di)二(er)進(jin)(jin)、第(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)便是原(yuan)昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)，現(xian)為(wei)學(xue)校圖(tu)(tu)書閱覽室(shi)(shi)(shi)。右面(mian)(mian)進(jin)(jin)月(yue)(yue)(yue)洞門(men)(men)，是原(yuan)程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)祠(ci)部分(fen)，南面(mian)(mian)第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)原(yuan)門(men)(men)廳現(xian)為(wei)總務處后勤辦(ban)公(gong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，朝南沿街開(kai)一(yi)(yi)排窗；向北一(yi)(yi)廳室(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)第(di)(di)二(er)進(jin)(jin)，墻(qiang)內(nei)東壁(bi)間還嵌有(you)當年建祠(ci)時的(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)刻一(yi)(yi)方。第(di)(di)三進(jin)(jin)原(yuan)祠(ci)堂(tang)工作人員的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)公(gong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)及(ji)東側包公(gong)殿，現(xian)已改(gai)建為(wei)編(bian)號①的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)幢四層(ceng)16只教(jiao)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)樓(lou)。第(di)(di)四進(jin)(jin)保存著原(yuan)享(xiang)堂(tang)大殿，高敞宏偉，為(wei)蘇城保存不多的(de)(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)代(dai)祠(ci)堂(tang)享(xiang)堂(tang)。內(nei)有(you)粗大的(de)(de)(de)楠(nan)木庭柱，上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)雕粱(liang)畫(hua)棟(dong)，棟(dong)梁上(shang)(shang)有(you)彩(cai)繪人物、花卉圖(tu)(tu)案，都是清(qing)(qing)代(dai)始建原(yuan)物，有(you)較高的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)和藝術保護(hu)價(jia)值。穿(chuan)過程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)祠(ci)向東，為(wei)原(yuan)安徽會(hui)館部分(fen)，第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)廳現(xian)為(wei)校史(shi)陳列(lie)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，作保護(hu)性使用。存有(you)“賓(bin)至如歸”磚細門(men)(men)樓(lou)。

2006年，安徽會館作(zuo)為惠蔭園的一部分(fen)列入江蘇(su)省文物保護(hu)單位。

歷史沿革

當(dang)時(shi)內部安(an)徽會(hui)(hui)館、程公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)等(deng)(deng)的設置位(wei)置是：最東(dong)部是安(an)徽會(hui)(hui)館，南(nan)顯子巷(xiang)18號(hao)，門(men)面朝(chao)南(nan)，對(dui)面照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，磚刻門(men)樓(lou)大(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次為(wei)東(dong)西(xi)門(men)房(fang)(fang)二間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)西(xi)賬房(fang)(fang)二間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)西(xi)配房(fang)(fang)二間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花(hua)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)上下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)俗稱(cheng)包(bao)公(gong)(gong)殿，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)神(shen)(shen)龕里并列供奉(feng)著(zhu)兩座(zuo)(zuo)神(shen)(shen)位(wei)，杏黃色神(shen)(shen)幔(man)中(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)是大(da)(da)宋(song)龍圖(tu)閣直學(xue)士包(bao)孝肅公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)神(shen)(shen)位(wei)，即(ji)包(bao)青天包(bao)拯，安(an)徽合(he)肥人，當(dang)時(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)“關節不(bu)到，有(you)(you)(you)閻羅(luo)老包(bao)”；一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位(wei)是先賢朱文(wen)公(gong)(gong)，即(ji)朱嘉，徽州婺(wu)源(yuan)人，集理學(xue)之(zhi)大(da)(da)成者，有(you)(you)(you)《朱文(wen)公(gong)(gong)集》、《朱子語類》等(deng)(deng)。享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)后(hou)面隙(xi)地即(ji)惠蔭(yin)園(yuan)，為(wei)會(hui)(hui)館之(zhi)后(hou)花(hua)園(yuan)。東(dong)左日“樾蔭(yin)堂(tang)”，設有(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)邊(bian)耳房(fang)(fang)上下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)十問(wen)，東(dong)披廂(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)(fang)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又后(hou)上下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)十間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前(qian)川(chuan)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)問(wen)，邊(bian)房(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)右日“經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所”設正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上下(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)問(wen)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)上額(e)“皖(wan)山別(bie)墅”，對(dui)面照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)。經(jing)(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所之(zhi)西(xi)為(wei)程公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)，照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，大(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西(xi)面為(wei)淮軍(jun)昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)，照(zhao)墻一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座(zuo)(zuo)，大(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)(san)問(wen)，東(dong)官(guan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)官(guan)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)四(si)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭(zhao)忠祠(ci)后(hou)為(wei)王(wang)公(gong)(gong)祠(ci)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享(xiang)(xiang)堂(tang)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對(dui)照(zhao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這幾處(chu)(chu)內部都有(you)(you)(you)門(men)洞通(tong)行(xing)(xing)，并有(you)(you)(you)回廊(lang)相(xiang)連，整(zheng)個安(an)徽會(hui)(hui)館內部實(shi)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)院，下(xia)雨天行(xing)(xing)走可以不(bu)濕鞋。當(dang)時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)袁學(xue)瀾(lan)詩稱(cheng)：“層樓(lou)不(bu)隔遠(yuan)山青，往事(shi)閑尋滿(man)草(cao)庭。三(san)(san)(san)(san)友名(ming)高爭(zheng)綺(qi)角，半州豪去散譚邢。壺觴(shang)時(shi)集濃春賞(shang)，花(hua)石猶余戰血腥。無限沙蟲沉浩劫，～庵香(xiang)火奉(feng)神(shen)(shen)靈(ling)。”實(shi)有(you)(you)(you)房(fang)(fang)二百余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花(hua)園(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)后(hou)門(men)，直通(tong)懸橋(qiao)巷(xiang)河(he)沿，有(you)(you)(you)橋(qiao)通(tong)行(xing)(xing)至對(dui)面還有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)(chu)下(xia)人住房(fang)(fang)。

其中(zhong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)、經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)所(suo)、程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)、淮(huai)軍昭忠祠(ci)(ci)(ci)，都是(shi)(shi)圍繞安徽籍(ji)主題的建(jian)置，而(er)安徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)又(you)(you)是(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)心。經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)所(suo)，以(yi)“速招徠，節費用(yong)，宦商(shang)(shang)(shang)聯為一(yi)體．會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)期以(yi)持(chi)久(jiu)”，只是(shi)(shi)為會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)日常(chang)添置、維修(xiu)開(kai)支提供經(jing)(jing)濟來源(yuan)。在(zai)《呈送光(guang)緒(xu)兀(wu)年報銷并請於會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)內兼立經(jing)(jing)商(shang)(shang)(shang)公(gong)所(suo)稟》中(zhong)曾稱：“花園(yuan)現已(yi)落成，該(gai)道等擬照滄浪亭、獅子(zi)林之(zhi)例，將園(yuan)門常(chang)開(kai)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游人(ren)，庶(shu)免久(jiu)閑易致損壞，兼助(zhu)歲修(xiu)之(zhi)資。”這樣(yang)看來早在(zai)光(guang)緒(xu)初那里已(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)禁(jin)游人(ren)對(dui)外開(kai)放(fang)(fang)了。辛司堂(tang)本是(shi)(shi)供奉(feng)(feng)肅穆之(zhi)地。《新建(jian)安徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)記》說(shuo)：“包孝肅公(gong)產(chan)皖北，朱子(zi)出皖南(nan)，鄉(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)舊(jiu)奉(feng)(feng)祀之(zhi)，遂(sui)于(yu)館(guan)之(zhi)中(zhong)堂(tang)并為兩公(gong)神主。”“即使(shi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)宦者(zhe)、商(shang)(shang)(shang)者(zhe)、客游者(zhe)有群(qun)萃之(zhi)地，又(you)(you)足供其循歷娛覽。”這才是(shi)(shi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)以(yi)敦睦其鄉(xiang)(xiang)黨，崇祀其鄉(xiang)(xiang)先(xian)生(sheng)，聯系鄉(xiang)(xiang)人(ren)提供方便之(zhi)處。在(zai)程(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)暨會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)章程(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)條(tiao)中(zhong)有：“祠(ci)(ci)(ci)內房屋不(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)借作公(gong)所(suo)，以(yi)防糟蹋。”“祠(ci)(ci)(ci)內旁房準(zhun)皖省(sheng)官紳往來寄寓，須(xu)報姓名鄉(xiang)(xiang)貫，不(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)多帶閑人(ren)，亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)準(zhun)住(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)眷，一(yi)切(qie)食用(yong)均須(xu)自備。…‘會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)房屋不(bu)(bu)(bu)F二(er)百間盡可居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)，其園(yuan)內亭臺樓(lou)閣(ge)原系宴會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)雅(ya)集(ji)之(zhi)所(suo)，凡在(zai)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)者(zhe)，無(wu)論上下(xia)人(ren)等均于(yu)園(yuan)外居(ju)住(zhu)(zhu)，以(yi)中(zhong)間弄堂(tang)為界，不(bu)(bu)(bu)得于(yu)園(yuan)中(zhong)下(xia)榻，至園(yuan)中(zhong)各種花木開(kai)放(fang)(fang)之(zhi)時，各宜隨時愛護(hu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)可任(ren)意(yi)攀(pan)折(zhe)。”安徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)的管理是(shi)(shi)比較(jiao)嚴格的，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于(yu)其他的會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)。安徽會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)館(guan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)開(kai)放(fang)(fang)中(zhong)利(li)(li)用(yong)，在(zai)利(li)(li)用(yong)中(zhong)保護(hu)的，這樣(yang)的措施值得后人(ren)借鑒。