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基本介紹

蘇州古(gu)城內南顯(xian)子巷的(de)安徽會(hui)館(guan)，建(jian)于清(qing)(qing)同治(zhi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)至六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1865-1867)，屬(shu)于惠蔭園(yuan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分，為(wei)(wei)江蘇省文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。該(gai)處(chu)在明代嘉(jia)靖年(nian)(nian)(nian)間為(wei)(wei)歸(gui)湛初(chu)宅園(yuan)，由(you)(you)周秉忠布畫，建(jian)有臺(tai)榭池石及(ji)水假山。后(hou)屬(shu)胡汝(ru)淳，名(ming)“洽隱山房”，后(hou)荒廢。清(qing)(qing)順(shun)治(zhi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)韓馨入城購歸(gui)氏廢園(yuan)，修為(wei)(wei)棲隱地(di)，名(ming)“洽隱園(yuan)”。康熙四十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)毀于火，惟存東南半(ban)壁奇峰秀石。乾隆十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)重(zhong)(zhong)葺二楹于占石洞口(kou)，由(you)(you)蔣蟠漪篆書“小林屋”字額。后(hou)歸(gui)皖人(ren)倪蓮舫知府(fu)，修建(jian)后(hou)易名(ming)“皖山別墅”。咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)間，傳說太平(ping)天(tian)國聽(ting)(ting)王陳炳文曾居此(ci)(ci)。潘(pan)鐘(zhong)瑞《蘇臺(tai)麋(mi)鹿記》載：“南北顯(xian)子巷合而(er)為(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王府(fu)，包人(ren)洽隱園(yuan)，巷道中截。”按太平(ping)天(tian)國王、將占富室巨(ju)宅臨時駐扎(zha)，稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)“打館(guan)”，潘(pan)所稱(cheng)王府(fu)實際上是打館(guan)性質，聽(ting)(ting)王在蘇僅是短暫駐扎(zha)，該(gai)處(chu)應稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)聽(ting)(ting)王陳炳文所打之館(guan)。范圍(wei)內南顯(xian)子巷6號(hao)(hao)韓宅、7號(hao)(hao)周宅，北顯(xian)子巷4號(hao)(hao)陳宅、6號(hao)(hao)、11號(hao)(hao)江宅也(ye)都是有磚(zhuan)刻門樓(lou)的(de)大宅，亦應被聽(ting)(ting)王部(bu)(bu)(bu)隊(dui)臨時駐扎(zha)所用(yong)。安徽旅蘇同鄉會(hui)設于此(ci)(ci)。在此(ci)(ci)曾設閱報(bao)(bao)社，一(yi)度改為(wei)(wei)游(you)藝場，游(you)客眾(zhong)多，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月18日《姑蘇晚(wan)報(bao)(bao)》刊(kan)登了“七十年(nian)(nian)(nian)前(qian)的(de)一(yi)幀老照片——惠蔭園(yuan)秋禊圖”。張榮培有《重(zhong)(zhong)游(you)皖山別墅》詩曰：“不到游(you)蹤二十年(nian)(nian)(nian)，墜歡重(zhong)(zhong)拾渺(miao)如煙。樓(lou)臺(tai)繚曲還依舊(jiu)，花木凋零卻遜前(qian)。試(shi)剔苔痕摹古(gu)篆，且邀(yao)茶話論新泉。此(ci)(ci)中雅有天(tian)臺(tai)勝(sheng)，笑(xiao)我劉郎骨未仙。”1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)張建(jian)初(chu)在此(ci)(ci)創辦私立育英女子初(chu)中，1946年(nian)(nian)(nian)停辦。抗戰(zhan)勝(sheng)利后(hou)，東部(bu)(bu)(bu)散為(wei)(wei)民(min)居，西(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)度由(you)(you)女俠施劍翹創辦從(cong)云(yun)小學(xue)，成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)地(di)下黨活(huo)動的(de)主要場所。

“安(an)徽會(hui)館(guan)”磚(zhuan)細(xi)門(men)(men)樓在小巷(xiang)深處(chu)(chu)，門(men)(men)樓前有(you)新建的(de)(de)鐵欄護(hu)欄包(bao)圍護(hu)衛(wei)。左右(you)有(you)石庫門(men)(men)各(ge)一(yi)(yi)，門(men)(men)上包(bao)鉛皮釘釘有(you)裝(zhuang)飾(shi)(shi)及虛空(kong)大(da)(da)字，連同西(xi)(xi)側的(de)(de)“皖山別(bie)墅”大(da)(da)門(men)(men)，從東向西(xi)(xi)依次為“福”、“祿”、“壽(shou)”三字。“福”字門(men)(men)上有(you)磚(zhuan)飾(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)額“憩棠”、“祿”字門(men)(men)上有(you)磚(zhuan)飾(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)額“敬梓”。原安(an)徽會(hui)館(guan)門(men)(men)前照墻(qiang)處(chu)(chu)及程公祠前照墻(qiang)現(xian)為幾家民(min)(min)居，昭(zhao)忠祠大(da)(da)門(men)(men)現(xian)為一(yi)(yi)初(chu)中校門(men)(men)，對而照墻(qiang)曾為籃(lan)球場，現(xian)為學校照墻(qiang)，書(shu)4個一(yi)(yi)米見方大(da)(da)字“惠蔭書(shu)苑”。現(xian)在一(yi)(yi)初(chu)中為南(nan)(nan)(nan)顯子巷(xiang)18號。東面(mian)齊迎曉里，南(nan)(nan)(nan)面(mian)是南(nan)(nan)(nan)顯子巷(xiang)朝南(nan)(nan)(nan)一(yi)(yi)排幾個門(men)(men)面(mian)，原巷(xiang)對面(mian)的(de)(de)照墻(qiang)處(chu)(chu)現(xian)已建有(you)民(min)(min)居，西(xi)(xi)面(mian)臨民(min)(min)宅，北面(mian)至懸橋(qiao)巷(xiang)沿河線(xian)。

從門(men)(men)(men)廳進(jin)去，便是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)井(jing)，左(zuo)右有月(yue)(yue)洞門(men)(men)(men)通行，利用月(yue)(yue)洞門(men)(men)(men)兩面都有磚(zhuan)額，如“泛(fan)舟”、“學(xue)(xue)海(hai)”、“博學(xue)(xue)”、“篤行”等，前面第(di)二進(jin)、第(di)三(san)(san)進(jin)便是(shi)原昭(zhao)忠(zhong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)，現為(wei)學(xue)(xue)校圖書閱(yue)覽室(shi)(shi)(shi)。右面進(jin)月(yue)(yue)洞門(men)(men)(men)，是(shi)原程公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)部分，南(nan)(nan)面第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)原門(men)(men)(men)廳現為(wei)總(zong)務處后勤辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，朝南(nan)(nan)沿街開(kai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)排窗；向北一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)廳室(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)第(di)二進(jin)，墻內東(dong)壁間還嵌有當年(nian)建(jian)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)時的(de)(de)碑刻(ke)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)。第(di)三(san)(san)進(jin)原祠(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)堂工作人(ren)員的(de)(de)辦公(gong)室(shi)(shi)(shi)及東(dong)側包公(gong)殿(dian)，現已改(gai)建(jian)為(wei)編(bian)號(hao)①的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)幢四(si)層16只(zhi)教(jiao)室(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)教(jiao)學(xue)(xue)樓。第(di)四(si)進(jin)保(bao)(bao)存著原享堂大殿(dian)，高敞宏偉，為(wei)蘇(su)城保(bao)(bao)存不多的(de)(de)清(qing)代(dai)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)堂享堂。內有粗大的(de)(de)楠(nan)木庭柱，上(shang)面雕粱畫棟，棟梁(liang)上(shang)有彩繪人(ren)物、花卉圖案，都是(shi)清(qing)代(dai)始建(jian)原物，有較(jiao)高的(de)(de)歷(li)史和藝術保(bao)(bao)護(hu)價值(zhi)。穿過程公(gong)祠(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)向東(dong)，為(wei)原安徽會(hui)館(guan)部分，第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)的(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)廳現為(wei)校史陳(chen)列(lie)室(shi)(shi)(shi)，作保(bao)(bao)護(hu)性使用。存有“賓至如歸”磚(zhuan)細門(men)(men)(men)樓。

2006年，安徽(hui)會館作為(wei)惠(hui)蔭園的一部分(fen)列入江蘇省文物保(bao)護單位。

歷史沿革

當(dang)時(shi)內部安(an)(an)徽會館(guan)、程公(gong)(gong)祠等(deng)的(de)設(she)置位(wei)置是：最東(dong)部是安(an)(an)徽會館(guan)，南顯子巷18號，門(men)面(mian)朝南，對面(mian)照墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，磚刻門(men)樓(lou)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，依次(ci)為(wei)東(dong)西(xi)門(men)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)西(xi)賬房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)西(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)享堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，花(hua)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對照上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。享堂(tang)(tang)俗稱(cheng)包(bao)公(gong)(gong)殿，正(zheng)中神龕里(li)并列供奉(feng)著兩座(zuo)神位(wei)，杏黃色(se)神幔中一(yi)(yi)位(wei)是大(da)(da)(da)宋(song)龍圖閣直學士(shi)包(bao)孝肅(su)公(gong)(gong)之(zhi)神位(wei)，即(ji)包(bao)青(qing)(qing)天(tian)包(bao)拯(zheng)，安(an)(an)徽合肥人(ren)，當(dang)時(shi)稱(cheng)為(wei)“關節不到，有(you)(you)(you)閻羅(luo)老包(bao)”；一(yi)(yi)位(wei)是先賢(xian)朱(zhu)(zhu)文公(gong)(gong)，即(ji)朱(zhu)(zhu)嘉，徽州婺(wu)源(yuan)人(ren)，集理學之(zhi)大(da)(da)(da)成者(zhe)，有(you)(you)(you)《朱(zhu)(zhu)文公(gong)(gong)集》、《朱(zhu)(zhu)子語(yu)類》等(deng)。享堂(tang)(tang)后(hou)面(mian)隙地(di)即(ji)惠蔭(yin)園，為(wei)會館(guan)之(zhi)后(hou)花(hua)園。東(dong)左日“樾蔭(yin)堂(tang)(tang)”，設(she)有(you)(you)(you)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)邊耳(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十問，東(dong)披廂(xiang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，又(you)后(hou)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)十間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，前川堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)問，邊房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)一(yi)(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)右日“經(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)”設(she)正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)上(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)樓(lou)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對照三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，小客廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)問，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，大(da)(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，門(men)上(shang)(shang)額“皖山別(bie)墅”，對面(mian)照墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)。經(jing)商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)之(zhi)西(xi)為(wei)程公(gong)(gong)祠，照墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，大(da)(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。再西(xi)面(mian)為(wei)淮(huai)軍昭忠祠，照墻一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)，大(da)(da)(da)門(men)三(san)(san)(san)問，東(dong)官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)官廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)四間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，轎(jiao)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，東(dong)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，西(xi)廊(lang)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。昭忠祠后(hou)為(wei)王公(gong)(gong)祠，正(zheng)廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)享堂(tang)(tang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，對照廳(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)幾處(chu)內部都有(you)(you)(you)門(men)洞通行(xing)(xing)，并有(you)(you)(you)回廊(lang)相連，整個安(an)(an)徽會館(guan)內部實為(wei)一(yi)(yi)大(da)(da)(da)院，下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)雨天(tian)行(xing)(xing)走(zou)可以(yi)不濕鞋(xie)。當(dang)時(shi)有(you)(you)(you)袁學瀾(lan)詩稱(cheng)：“層(ceng)樓(lou)不隔遠山青(qing)(qing)，往事閑尋滿(man)草(cao)庭。三(san)(san)(san)友名高爭綺角(jiao)，半州豪去散譚(tan)邢。壺觴時(shi)集濃春(chun)賞，花(hua)石猶(you)余戰血(xue)腥。無(wu)限沙(sha)蟲沉浩劫，～庵香火奉(feng)神靈(ling)。”實有(you)(you)(you)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)二(er)百(bai)余間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，后(hou)花(hua)園有(you)(you)(you)后(hou)門(men)，直通懸橋巷河沿，有(you)(you)(you)橋通行(xing)(xing)至對面(mian)還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)處(chu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)人(ren)住房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。

其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、經商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)、程公(gong)(gong)祠、淮軍(jun)昭忠祠，都是(shi)(shi)圍繞安徽(hui)(hui)籍主題的(de)建置，而安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)又(you)是(shi)(shi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心。經商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)，以“速招徠，節費用(yong)(yong)，宦商(shang)聯為(wei)一(yi)體．會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)期(qi)以持久”，只是(shi)(shi)為(wei)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)日常添置、維修開(kai)支提(ti)供經濟來(lai)源。在(zai)《呈(cheng)送光(guang)緒兀年報銷并請於會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內兼立經商(shang)公(gong)(gong)所(suo)稟》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)曾稱：“花(hua)園現已落成，該道等(deng)擬照滄浪亭、獅子林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)例，將(jiang)園門常開(kai)不(bu)禁游人(ren)，庶免久閑易致損壞，兼助(zhu)歲修之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)資。”這樣看(kan)來(lai)早在(zai)光(guang)緒初那里已不(bu)禁游人(ren)對(dui)外開(kai)放(fang)了。辛司堂(tang)本是(shi)(shi)供奉(feng)肅穆(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)。《新建安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)記》說(shuo)：“包孝肅公(gong)(gong)產皖(wan)(wan)北，朱(zhu)子出皖(wan)(wan)南，鄉(xiang)人(ren)舊(jiu)奉(feng)祀之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，遂于館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)堂(tang)并為(wei)兩公(gong)(gong)神主。”“即(ji)使(shi)鄉(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宦者(zhe)(zhe)、商(shang)者(zhe)(zhe)、客游者(zhe)(zhe)有(you)(you)群萃之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)(di)，又(you)足(zu)供其(qi)(qi)(qi)循(xun)歷娛覽(lan)。”這才(cai)是(shi)(shi)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以敦睦其(qi)(qi)(qi)鄉(xiang)黨，崇(chong)祀其(qi)(qi)(qi)鄉(xiang)先(xian)生(sheng)，聯系鄉(xiang)人(ren)提(ti)供方便(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處。在(zai)程公(gong)(gong)祠暨會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)章程規條中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)：“祠內房屋(wu)不(bu)準借(jie)作公(gong)(gong)所(suo)，以防糟蹋。”“祠內旁房準皖(wan)(wan)省官紳往來(lai)寄寓，須報姓名鄉(xiang)貫，不(bu)準多帶閑人(ren)，亦(yi)不(bu)準住家眷，一(yi)切(qie)食用(yong)(yong)均須自(zi)備。…‘會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)房屋(wu)不(bu)F二百間盡(jin)可居住，其(qi)(qi)(qi)園內亭臺樓閣原系宴會(hui)雅集(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)，凡在(zai)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)居住者(zhe)(zhe)，無論(lun)上下人(ren)等(deng)均于園外居住，以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間弄堂(tang)為(wei)界，不(bu)得于園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下榻，至(zhi)園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)種花(hua)木開(kai)放(fang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)，各(ge)宜隨時(shi)愛(ai)護(hu)，不(bu)可任意(yi)攀折。”安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)管理是(shi)(shi)比較嚴格的(de)，不(bu)同于其(qi)(qi)(qi)他的(de)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。安徽(hui)(hui)會(hui)館(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)在(zai)開(kai)放(fang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)利(li)用(yong)(yong)，在(zai)利(li)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)保護(hu)的(de)，這樣的(de)措(cuo)施值(zhi)得后人(ren)借(jie)鑒。