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歷史發展

該宅(zhai)為三進院(yuan)落(luo)，房(fang)屋系硬山(shan)(shan)合瓦清水脊頂、四周(zhou)繞以回廊，西北(bei)部是(shi)花園(yuan)。其(qi)室為內(nei)外套間，陳設簡樸。在(zai)(zai)外間西墻上鑲嵌著一(yi)塊(kuai)長(chang)方(fang)形漢(han)白玉(yu)刻(ke)(ke)石，上刻(ke)(ke)“中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民國(guo)(guo)十四年三月(yue)十二日上午九時(shi)二十五分孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)行館山(shan)(shan)先生在(zai)(zai)此壽終(zhong)”。刻(ke)(ke)石上方(fang)還懸有孫(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)遺(yi)像(xiang)。遺(yi)像(xiang)右邊鏡框內(nei)為臨終(zhong)《遺(yi)囑(zhu)》，左邊鏡框中(zhong)(zhong)為《致蘇(su)聯書(shu)》，鄰近墻條(tiao)案上擺放著《建國(guo)(guo)方(fang)略(lve)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)全書(shu)》等。新(xin)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)立后，北(bei)京市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)政府對該宅(zhai)進行了妥善保護。1981年，在(zai)(zai)紀(ji)念辛亥革命70周(zhou)年前(qian)夕(xi)，對紀(ji)念室進行了修繕。1984年5月(yue)24日，將其(qi)列為北(bei)京市(shi)(shi)第三批文物保護單位。

事跡

1924年歲末(mo)，孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)抱病北(bei)(bei)上赴(fu)京(jing)，客居在該宅(zhai)第二(er)進(jin)北(bei)(bei)房內(nei)(nei)。1925年初，孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)發病，住進(jin)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)協和(he)醫(yi)院，經確診為肝癌晚期，后(hou)又移回此宅(zhai)。2月24日，孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)病危(wei)，故(gu)(gu)于此口(kou)授《遺囑(zhu)》及《致(zhi)蘇聯書(shu)》，3月11日召見汪精衛、戴季陶、何香凝等，并在遺囑(zhu)上簽字。3月12日9時25分病故(gu)(gu)。4月2日治喪委員會決定(ding)在該宅(zhai)門口(kou)懸(xuan)掛“孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)逝(shi)世(shi)紀念(nian)(nian)室”匾(bian)。1924年，馮(feng)玉(yu)祥(xiang)邀(yao)請孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)來北(bei)(bei)京(jing)商(shang)談國事，孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)行(xing)轅設在鐵(tie)獅子(zi)胡同5號的(de)外交(jiao)總長顧維鈞的(de)住宅(zhai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1925年3月12日，孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)因肝癌在行(xing)館內(nei)(nei)西(xi)屋(wu)臥室病逝(shi)。孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)行(xing)館內(nei)(nei)設有“孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)逝(shi)世(shi)紀念(nian)(nian)室”，在這里有孫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)遺物陳列。