歷史發展
該(gai)宅為(wei)三進(jin)院落,房(fang)屋系(xi)硬山合(he)瓦清水脊頂、四(si)周(zhou)繞以回(hui)廊(lang),西北(bei)(bei)部是花園。其(qi)室為(wei)內(nei)外(wai)套(tao)間,陳(chen)設簡(jian)樸。在外(wai)間西墻上(shang)(shang)鑲嵌(qian)著一塊長方(fang)形漢白玉刻(ke)石(shi),上(shang)(shang)刻(ke)“中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)(nian)三月(yue)十(shi)(shi)二日(ri)上(shang)(shang)午(wu)九時二十(shi)(shi)五分(fen)孫中(zhong)(zhong)孫中(zhong)(zhong)山行館山先生在此壽終(zhong)”。刻(ke)石(shi)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)還懸(xuan)有孫中(zhong)(zhong)山遺(yi)像。遺(yi)像右邊(bian)鏡框內(nei)為(wei)臨終(zhong)《遺(yi)囑(zhu)》,左邊(bian)鏡框中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)《致蘇(su)聯書》,鄰近墻條案上(shang)(shang)擺放著《建國(guo)方(fang)略》、《中(zhong)(zhong)山全書》等。新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立后(hou),北(bei)(bei)京市市政府對(dui)該(gai)宅進(jin)行了妥(tuo)善保護。1981年(nian)(nian),在紀(ji)念辛(xin)亥革命70周(zhou)年(nian)(nian)前夕,對(dui)紀(ji)念室進(jin)行了修繕。1984年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)24日(ri),將(jiang)其(qi)列(lie)為(wei)北(bei)(bei)京市第(di)三批(pi)文物保護單位。
事跡
1924年(nian)歲末,孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)抱(bao)病(bing)北上赴(fu)京(jing),客居(ju)在(zai)(zai)該宅(zhai)第二進(jin)北房內。1925年(nian)初,孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)發(fa)病(bing),住進(jin)北京(jing)協和醫院,經確診為肝(gan)癌(ai)晚期,后又移(yi)回此宅(zhai)。2月(yue)24日(ri)(ri)(ri),孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)病(bing)危,故于此口(kou)授《遺囑》及《致蘇(su)聯書(shu)》,3月(yue)11日(ri)(ri)(ri)召見汪精衛、戴季陶、何香凝等,并在(zai)(zai)遺囑上簽字。3月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri)9時(shi)25分病(bing)故。4月(yue)2日(ri)(ri)(ri)治喪委員會決定在(zai)(zai)該宅(zhai)門口(kou)懸(xuan)掛“孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)逝(shi)(shi)世紀(ji)念室(shi)(shi)(shi)”匾。1924年(nian),馮玉祥邀(yao)請孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)來北京(jing)商(shang)談國事,孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)的(de)行(xing)(xing)轅設在(zai)(zai)鐵(tie)獅子胡同5號的(de)外交總長顧(gu)維鈞的(de)住宅(zhai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。1925年(nian)3月(yue)12日(ri)(ri)(ri),孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)因肝(gan)癌(ai)在(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)館(guan)內西(xi)屋臥室(shi)(shi)(shi)病(bing)逝(shi)(shi)。孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)行(xing)(xing)館(guan)內設有“孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)先生(sheng)逝(shi)(shi)世紀(ji)念室(shi)(shi)(shi)”,在(zai)(zai)這里有孫(sun)(sun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)遺物陳列。