遺跡簡介
明(ming)北京城墻遺(yi)址是市級文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位。位于西(xi)二(er)環路南端,東南角樓以西(xi)。
遺跡來源
明(ming)(ming)北(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址建(jian)于(yu)明(ming)(ming)正(zheng)統四年(nian)(nian)(1439年(nian)(nian)),此(ci)處遺(yi)址是內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的西南角城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。北(bei)京(jing)原(yuan)有4道城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),為紫禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西便門(men)是屬(shu)于(yu)外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西段的一部分,建(jian)于(yu)1553年(nian)(nian)。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均已(yi)拆(chai)除(chu)。這(zhe)段城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)是1988年(nian)(nian)在原(yuan)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址基礎上修復的。因年(nian)(nian)久失修,逐(zhu)漸傾塌,“文革”中城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚(zhuan)大部被拆(chai)除(chu),僅(jin)留100余米長的殘跡。連接(jie)角樓(lou)的百余米城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)于(yu)1981年(nian)(nian)修葺(qi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上重建(jian)硬(ying)山頂灰(hui)筒瓦卷棚頂鋪房(fang)3間(jian)。1987年(nian)(nian)市文物局與西城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區政府撥(bo)款150萬元(yuan),拆(chai)遷違(wei)章建(jian)筑和臨時住戶(hu),修復城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),保(bao)留7處斷面遺(yi)跡,并修復了舊(jiu)樓(lou),改造周圍環境并進行綠化(hua)美化(hua),使之成為現代(dai)(dai)文明(ming)(ming)、古(gu)代(dai)(dai)文化(hua)交(jiao)融的北(bei)京(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中又一處景觀。
遺跡維護
修復后全長(chang)約500米(mi)。城(cheng)墻(qiang)內外(wai)壁為下石上(shang)磚,內為土心。墻(qiang)基厚(hou)18.08米(mi),墻(qiang)體(ti)高10.72米(mi),城(cheng)頂寬(kuan)15.2米(mi),雉堞(die)高約1.8米(mi)。城(cheng)垣(yuan)外(wai)側圍筑“馬(ma)面”,上(shang)建城(cheng)垛,城(cheng)垣(yuan)內沿筑宇墻(qiang)。“馬(ma)面”是凸出(chu)城(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)側的墩臺,一(yi)般長(chang)14米(mi),寬(kuan)13米(mi),間(jian)距80~90米(mi)。城(cheng)垣(yuan)上(shang)有(you)硬山(shan)頂鋪房(fang),供守城(cheng)士(shi)兵休息和存放(fang)武(wu)器(qi)之用;城(cheng)垣(yuan)內側有(you)可供上(shang)下的馬(ma)道。2003年建成明城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址公(gong)園(yuan);