遺跡簡介
明北京城墻遺址是市級文物保護(hu)單(dan)位。位于西二(er)環路南(nan)(nan)端,東(dong)南(nan)(nan)角樓以西。
遺跡來源
明(ming)北京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻遺(yi)址(zhi)建(jian)(jian)于明(ming)正統四(si)年(1439年),此處(chu)遺(yi)址(zhi)是內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)西(xi)南(nan)角(jiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣。北京(jing)(jing)原(yuan)有4道(dao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,為紫禁城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。西(xi)便門是屬于外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)段的(de)(de)一部(bu)分,建(jian)(jian)于1553年。內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)均已(yi)拆(chai)除(chu)。這段城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻是1988年在(zai)原(yuan)古(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)基礎(chu)上(shang)修復的(de)(de)。因年久(jiu)失修,逐漸(jian)傾塌,“文革”中(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)磚(zhuan)大部(bu)被拆(chai)除(chu),僅留100余(yu)米長的(de)(de)殘跡(ji)(ji)。連(lian)接角(jiao)樓的(de)(de)百余(yu)米城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻于1981年修葺,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)垣上(shang)重建(jian)(jian)硬山頂灰筒瓦卷棚頂鋪房3間。1987年市文物(wu)局與西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區政府撥款150萬(wan)元(yuan),拆(chai)遷違章建(jian)(jian)筑和臨(lin)時住戶,修復城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻,保留7處(chu)斷(duan)面遺(yi)跡(ji)(ji),并修復了舊樓,改(gai)造周(zhou)圍環境并進(jin)行綠(lv)化美(mei)化,使之(zhi)成為現(xian)代文明(ming)、古(gu)(gu)代文化交融(rong)的(de)(de)北京(jing)(jing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)又一處(chu)景觀。
遺跡維護
修復(fu)后全長約500米。城(cheng)墻(qiang)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)壁為(wei)下石上磚,內(nei)(nei)為(wei)土心。墻(qiang)基厚18.08米,墻(qiang)體高(gao)10.72米,城(cheng)頂寬15.2米,雉堞高(gao)約1.8米。城(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)圍筑(zhu)(zhu)“馬(ma)面”,上建城(cheng)垛,城(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)沿筑(zhu)(zhu)宇(yu)墻(qiang)。“馬(ma)面”是凸出城(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)側(ce)(ce)的(de)墩臺,一般長14米,寬13米,間距80~90米。城(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)上有(you)硬山頂鋪房,供(gong)守城(cheng)士兵休息和存放(fang)武器之用(yong);城(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)側(ce)(ce)有(you)可供(gong)上下的(de)馬(ma)道。2003年建成明城(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)址公園;